Adaptive thinning strategies for mixed-species stand management with stochastic prices

This paper presents an efficient and flexible approach of determining optimal thinning strategies for mixed-species stands with stochastic timber prices. The approach aims to determine the optimal stock of each species to be maintained in the stand conditional on the observed stand state and timber prices, whereas thinning intensity is given by the difference between the existing and the optimal stocks. For demonstration purpose, the approach is applied to determine the optimal thinning strategies for an example stand of Scots pine (Pinus Sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) in northern Sweden. The optimal stock of each species is formulated as a parametric function of stand age and stumpage prices of the respective species. A reservation price function is constructed to determine the optimal time of clearcut based on the observed stand state and timber prices. The parameters of the optimal stock-level and reservation price functions are determined by maximizing the expected present value of the stand. The results indicate that using the optimal stock-level function approach can significantly improve the thinning decisions for mixed species stand with stochastic timber prices.     

土地储备对房地产市场的影响

我国实施土地储备的目标之一就是有利于政府对土地市场的集中统一管理,从而实现土地买方市场向卖方市场的转变,增加政府调控土地市场的能力。文章在分析土地储备实施效果以及土地供给、地价和房价的关系的基础上,提出通过土地储备、城市规划、土地规划等使土地市场供给信息公开化,使企业和公众形成合理预期来进一步完善我国土地市场的建议。     

市场结构对城乡结合部征地与出让市场运行效率的影响

市场结构与市场行为决策及经济绩效之间存在着内在的相互关系,市场结构通过诱导市场上各个行为主体的决策,继而影响市场运行效率和资源配置效率。文中探讨了现行土地制度下市场结构对城乡结合部土地市场形成与运行机制的影响,特别是对集体土地市场形成与发展的影响。     

Estimating the Degree of Market Integration

Existing tests of spatial market integration are commonly based on statistical criteria without an explicit link to an economic model of price determination. This article proposes new measures of market integration defined directly in terms of a well-known spatial price determination model and develops an econometric methodology for estimating these measures. Due to the intractability of the conditional density function of prices, we use indirect inference to estimate the model parameters and market integration measures. The methodology is illustrated with simulated data and is applied to soybean price data for the United States, Brazil, and the EU.     

Industry consolidation and price in the US linerboard industry

Starting from the 1980s, the US paper and paperboard industry has recorded an increasing degree of consolidation through mergers and acquisitions. This strategy, combined with voluntary downtime, is adopted by producers as a method to tackle excess capacity and to reduce costs in order to improve profitability. In this study, we investigate the impact of industry consolidation on price in the linerboard industry. We estimate a dynamic demand/supply system model that explicitly incorporates market structure. We find a low own-price elasticity of linerboard demand and an insignificant substitute effect of plastic containers. Additionally, linerboard price does not seem to respond to current demand and adjusts slowly across time. Moreover, industry-operating rate shows a positive, statistically significant, but small impact on price. Although those findings suggest an oligopoly market and some degree of barometric price leadership, market concentration shows no statistically significant effect on price.     

Food scares, market power and price transmission: the UK BSE crisis

This paper is concerned with the impact of food scares, principallythe BSE crisis in the UK, and focuses on price transmissionin vertically related markets. We show that if market powerhas an effect on the farm–retail margin, this determinesthe specification of the cointegrating relationship and thusprovides a test of market power. The results for the UK beefchain suggest that we cannot reject the importance of marketpower. The impact of the BSE crisis on farm prices is foundto be more than double that on retail prices, thus corroboratingpublic concerns regarding a differential impact of food scareson retailers and producers.     

回归理性,促进房地产市场平稳健康发展

房地产市场是经济市场和金融市场的重要组成部分,由于房地产产业特征决定房地产市场在国民经济中的地位和作用,是构建和谐社会的重要内容。目前因整个房地产市场已融入经济市场和金融市场,投资性和投机性需求是抬高房价的重要原因,应回归市场理性,采取多种方式促进房地产市场平稳健康发展,达到人人都有房住的目的。     

Influence of purchaser perceptions and intentions on price for forest land parcels: A hedonic pricing approach

A hedonic model was developed to analyze the market for undeveloped forest land in Minnesota. Variables describing in situ conditions, locational characteristics, buyer perceptions and intentions, and transactional terms were tested for their influence on sale price. The independent variables explained 67% of the per hectare sale price variation. Water frontage, road access and density, absentee ownership, future intentions, and financing arrangements had large, positive influences on price. Lack of a real-estate agent and agricultural land in the vicinity of the parcel had negative influences. A parcel's merchantable timber volume was not a significant predictor of price.     

绿色能源产品市场竞争力分析——以木质煤产品为例

从绿色能源产品逐步进入中国能源消费市场的原因谈起,并以木质煤产品为例,分别从产品自身分析、产品目标消费群分析、能源消费市场价格体系分析3个方面讨论木质煤产品的市场竞争力问题,分析出能源产品之间相对竞争力的走势变化,结合以上分析结果以及各种绿色能源产品的相似性,得出绿色能源产品市场竞争力的相应结论。     

近代太原地区的粮价动向与粮食市场--以《退想斋日记》为中心

本文通过利用《退想斋日记》中所记录的近代山西太原地区粮食价格数据，分析了近代太原粮价的长期变动趋势，并在此基础上考察了该地区的粮食流通市场状况。本文认为：清代太原地区的粮食流通体系已经形成，并有一定程度的发展，它所具有的两级粮食流通体系——外部省际与内部县际流通渠道，使太原地区的粮价能够保持一种长期相对稳定的局面。     

土地利用规划中的宏观调控与市场调节

在分析市场经济发育程度和政府宏观调能力对土地利用规划影响的基础上，结合国际有关土地利用规划中运用市场经济机制的研究动态，论述了价格信号是协调土地利用规划中的政府宏观调控与市场调节的结合点，以期为我国新一轮土地利用总体规划的修编，正确处理宏观调控与市场自我调节的关系提供借鉴。     

Marketing margins and price transmission on the Hungarian beef market

There is a wealth of literature on farm-retail price spread for different commodities and countries. However, research on price transmission and marketing margins in the transition economies is still limited. The paper analyses two specific aspects of transition: the larger probability of asymmetric price transmission and structural changes in the case of Hungarian beef chain. The article identifies the date of structural break applying the Gregory and Hansen procedure with recursively estimated breakpoints and ADF statistics. Exogeneity tests reveal the causality runs from producer to retail prices. Homogeneity is rejected, suggesting a mark-up pricing strategy. Price transmission analysis suggests that, despite the common belief, price transmission on the Hungarian beef meat market is symmetric on both long and short run.     

全球海运铁矿石市场承压解析与行业影响

世界钢产量峰期出现在2000年以后,其高速增长动力主要来源于中国,而中国铁矿石原矿资源禀赋的劣势,愈发刺激了中国对国际海运铁矿石的需求,致使中国铁矿石需求的对外依存度较高,与此同时,作为铁矿石纯进口国的中国难以主导铁矿石定价权。2011年国际铁矿石市场正值高位运行,大部分铁矿石生产商在高价驱使下,选择大幅增加投资成本扩建产能,海运铁矿石市场供需基本面开始倒转。2015年以来,铁矿石中国到岸价大幅下跌,铁矿石生产巨头由于低廉的现金生产成本也只能勉强盈利或者维持在盈亏平衡线附近,高成本矿被实质性挤压出局。而美国量化宽松政策收紧乃至退出,导致金融流动性降低,进一步巩固了全球铁矿石市场"供强需弱"的格局。由于国内高成本铁矿项目的退出,中国铁矿石需求对外依存度将会进一步升高。     

土地供应规则的变化对北京市住宅用地市场的影响

研究目的:以2004年8月31日和2005年5月1日为界,将北京市住宅用地市场分为三个阶段,从土地供应量、地价、竞租曲线、土地—资本替代弹性等方面分析土地供应规则的变化对住宅用地招拍挂出让市场的影响。研究方法:定性分析,土地竞租曲线和土地—资本替代弹性分析。研究结论:(1)经营性项目用地招拍挂供应的政策对住宅用地市场的影响胜于“熟地”供应政策;(2)土地竞租曲线的变化反映土地市场在经过较大波动之后正在适应新的土地供应规则;(3)土地—资本替代弹性分析显示北京市住宅用地的市场效率仍然偏低。     

新疆特色林果产品开拓华南市场宏观环境与市场潜力分析

华南地区与新疆在经济发展、居民收入与消费、林果生产等方面存在很大的差异,根据对华南市场消费者的水果消费能力、消费特征与偏好、消费需求发展和变化趋势等的分析,得出新疆特色林果产品在华南市场特别是城市消费市场,还有很大的潜力可挖,而且通过华南市场出口港澳和东南亚市场已有一定的基础。     

我国林业碳汇项目供求与价格机制研究

林业碳汇是减缓气候变化、实现绿色发展的重要途径。在全球生态经济飞速发展的时代背景下,美国、瑞典、挪威等国日益重视碳汇带来的经济效益,我国健全林业碳汇市场势在必行。通过总结林业碳汇项目的发展状况,重点研究当前我国林业碳汇项目的供求机制和价格机制,以期为管理者调整供求关系、稳定价格提供依据,进而促进林业碳汇项目早日纳入全国碳排放交易体系。     

世界石油供应格局演变及价格走势分析

世界石油资源地域分布极不平衡,受资源丰度、勘探进展及开发强度等因素影响,世界石油供应格局发生了深刻变化。目前世界石油供应多元化的格局不仅形成,而且正不断得到强化。在供应多元化的基础上,石油市场构成已从垄断性向竞争性转变,供求关系将在决定油价方面发挥积极作用,但投机行为仍将左右国际市场油价变动的步伐和幅度,一定范围内的油价波动将在所难免。     

国际石油市场变异与中国的能源战略

石油及其制品,无论作为生产中的中间投入,还是用于居民生活消费,都是一次性消费品,石油交易在本原上应属于产品市场.由于期货市场的发展,国际石油市场投机性增强,属性发生变异-从产品市场演变为具有产品市场和虚拟经济市场双重性的市场,并形成经济泡沫.在这样的市场上,消费者要被迫按资产价格购买消费品.这类泡沫很难消除,中国宜调整能源战略,以适应形势,抵御损害,使自己立于不败之地,并谋求长治久安之计.     

Dairy Products Market Segmentation: The Effects of Country of Origin on Price Premium and Purchase Intention

This study examines the impact of country of origin and other marketing factors on perceived price premium and purchase intention of dairy products. Applying factor analysis and 2-step cluster analysis, the article finds that there are 4 segments in the Thailand dairy market. The respondents in each segment perceive quality of products from 6 countries (or regions) differently. Three segments that consider country of origin have their evaluation of price premium and purchase intention of products from each country higher than the remaining segment. The applications to market strategy of international food companies and agribusiness industries are discussed.