我国大宗商品金融化水平评估

随着我国经济的发展,各类大宗商品逐渐被当做一个重要引擎,种类繁多的金融产品通过将大宗商品作为标物的情况也越来越多,这就使得大宗商品市场与股票市场出现了一定的关联。本文利用GARCH模型对我国大宗商品金融化水平进行评估与测度,通过研究我国股票市场与大宗商品市场波动的相关状态,得出了我国大宗商品目前处于低度金融化水平的结论,并结合我国的实际情况,为减少金融市场价格波动、完善我国期货市场的交易制度、为我国在国际上争夺大宗商品定价权提出可行性建议。     

商品期货市场和股票市场的关联性研究——基于二元VAR-GARCH模型

基于具有外生变量的二元VAR-GARCH模型对我国商品期货市场和股票市场之间的关联性进行了理论分析和实证研究。结果表明,从商品期货市场到股票市场存在价格溢出效应,但是两个市场之间不存在显著的波动溢出效应。美原油期货价格指数的正向冲击对期货价格的影响是正向的,美元指数的正向冲击对期货价格和股票价格的影响均为负向。     

股指期货投资者结构对股市波动的实证研究

本文应用添加了外生变量的GARCH模型研究股指期货市场投资者结构对股指期货市场波动性的影响,为了研究股指期货市场与股票市场间的波动溢出效应,本文在GARCH模型中加入交叉ARCH效应项和交叉GARCH项,直接研究了股指期货市场与现货市场的双向波动溢出效应,间接研究了股指期货市场投资者结构套期保值强度增加对股票市场风险波动有抑制作用,并建议政府在权衡市场流动性和稳定性后制定鼓励套期保值者的规则和政策。     

国际大宗商品价格对我国股票市场的影响研究

随着我国对外开放程度的加大,国际大宗商品价格的波动对我国金融市场的冲击增强。在2008年金融危机影响下,国际大宗商品价格暴跌40%,之后随着经济好转,价格也呈上升趋势。2014年下半年开始,国际大宗商品价格再次下跌,此状态一直持续到2016年。股票市场作为中国经济的晴雨表必然也会受到国际大宗商品价格波动的影响。而2017年,商品期权即将上市,部分股指期货取得了较好发展。在这种情况下,我国股票市场又将如何波动值得人们深入探讨。     

我国股指期货与现货市场的波动溢出效应研究

本文采用沪深300指数及当月股指期货连续合约的15分钟高频数据,估计沪深300指数和股指期货的已实现波动率,在此基础之上建立二元BEEK-GARCH(1,1)模型。实证结果表明:沪深300股指与期货之间波动溢出效应具有显著的双向性和不对称性,具体表现为现货市场对期货市场的波动溢出效应非常显著,但是期货市场对现货市场的波动溢出效应并不显著。因此,信息即能通过期货市场会向现货市场传递,同时也可以通过现货市场向期货市场进行传递,但总体而言,信息传递主导方向是现货市场向期货市场传递。     

中国铁矿石期货对外资开放前后国际定价权比较研究

2018年5月4日，大连商品交易所（简称“大商所”）铁矿石期货对外资开放，至今已经运行了4年多时间。定量研究中国铁矿石期货开放前后的影响，目的是检验政策实施效果，为中国期货市场其他期货品种的国际化提供经验借鉴。首先，通过采用Johansen协整检验、Granger因果检验、方差分解等方法，对大商所铁矿石期货对外资开放前后两个时期的国际定价权进行了比较分析。结果表明：对外资开放后大商所铁矿石期货对国际铁矿石期货价格的影响力有一定提升。其次，引进BEKK-GARCH模型，实证分析了大商所铁矿石期货市场和新加坡交易所（简称“新交所”）铁矿石掉期市场之间存在双向波动溢出效应，且大商所铁矿石期货市场对新交所铁矿石掉期市场的波动溢出效应要强于新交所铁矿石掉期市场对大商所铁矿石期货市场的波动溢出效应，表明中国铁矿石期货市场价格的国际影响力显著上升。根据研究结论，提出了相应的对策建议。     

国内外食糖市场空间联动与溢出效应研究——基于能源化视角

基于2000-2014年月度频率数据,运用VEC模型、Granger因果关系检验及三元BEKK-GARCH(1,1)模型,从能源化视角探讨国内外两个不同空间层面上的食糖市场彼此之间的价格溢出效应,解析效应类型、作用程度及方向。实证结果表明:就均值溢出效应而言,国内外糖市及能源市场两两之间存在显著的单向均值溢出,且国内外糖市各自与能源市场间的均值溢出要强于国内外糖市之间的效应;就波动溢出效应而言,国内外糖市与能源市场受自身前期价格波动的影响均较大,两两之间也都呈现出显著波动溢出,单双向关系与效应类型不尽相同。在单双向关系方面,能源价格与国际或国内糖价间存在双向波动溢出,国际糖价对国内糖价为单向波动溢出;在效应类型方面,除能源市场对国际糖市仅表现出ARCH型,后者对前者仅为GARCH型,其余价格对自身及彼此之间的波动溢出效应均表现出ARCH与GARCH型兼具的特性。     

国内外食糖市场空间联动与溢出效应研究——基于能源化视角北大核心CSSCI

基于2000-2014年月度频率数据,运用VEC模型、Granger因果关系检验及三元BEKK-GARCH(1,1)模型,从能源化视角探讨国内外两个不同空间层面上的食糖市场彼此之间的价格溢出效应,解析效应类型、作用程度及方向。实证结果表明:就均值溢出效应而言,国内外糖市及能源市场两两之间存在显著的单向均值溢出,且国内外糖市各自与能源市场间的均值溢出要强于国内外糖市之间的效应;就波动溢出效应而言,国内外糖市与能源市场受自身前期价格波动的影响均较大,两两之间也都呈现出显著波动溢出,单双向关系与效应类型不尽相同。在单双向关系方面,能源价格与国际或国内糖价间存在双向波动溢出,国际糖价对国内糖价为单向波动溢出;在效应类型方面,除能源市场对国际糖市仅表现出ARCH型,后者对前者仅为GARCH型,其余价格对自身及彼此之间的波动溢出效应均表现出ARCH与GARCH型兼具的特性。     

期铜价格波动对股票换手率的影响研究——基于大宗商品金融化背景下的分析

大宗商品金融化背景下,铜作为国民经济发展的重要基础原料,其价格逐渐与股票市场相关联。本文实证研究了期铜价格波动对股票换手率的影响,结果表明:2005年前,期铜价格波动对股票换手率不具有可预测性;而2005年后,期铜价格波动对股票市场上铜产业链上、下游板块的换手率均有显著正向影响,且这种影响进一步传递到金属板块,最终对整个股票市场的换手率产生正向影响。这表明期铜价格波动对股票换手率的预测能力可由商品金融化解释。本文在实证分析基础上对规避大宗商品期货风险提出相应建议。     

引入境外投资者提升中国PTA期货国际定价影响力研究

2018年11月30日，中国PTA期货实施引入境外投资者政策，对提高期货市场流动性及运行效率发挥积极作用。本文利用溢出指数模型度量中国PTA期货市场的国际定价影响力。在此基础上，运用多元线性面板回归模型分析引入境外投资者政策对中国PTA期货市场国际定价影响力的提升作用。结果表明：引入境外投资者政策显著促进了中国PTA国际定价影响力的提升，期货市场深度也显著提升了中国PTA期货的国际定价影响力；期货市场投机程度、市场波动率与中国PTA期货市场国际定价影响力之间均显著负相关。基于以上研究结论，得出如下政策启示：继续推进引入境外投资者政策，进一步拓宽期货市场开放范围；提升期货市场深度，促进期货市场的流动性提升；加强期货市场监管，抑制市场过度投机和市场过度波动，维护期货市场平稳健康运行。     

The role of financial investors in determining the commodity futures risk premium

I develop and test a model to study the interaction between the commodity and stock markets. This study attempts to clarify the debate about the effect of financialization on commodity markets. Theoretically, the futures risk premium is determined by hedging pressure, stock market returns, and the commodity–equity correlation. Empirically, the effect of the stock market on the energy market became significantly greater for the futures risk premium in the period following the 2008 crisis. Furthermore, hedging pressure is a strong explanatory variable for the futures risk premium in various circumstances.     

Oil and stock markets before and after financial crises: A local Gaussian correlation approach

The effect of financial shocks on the cross‐market linkages between oil prices (spot and futures) and stock markets is examined for four major crises. We employ the local Gaussian correlation approach and find that the two markets were regionalized for most of the 1990s and the early 2000s. Flights from stocks to oil occur in all crisis episodes, except the recent global financial crisis. The view that stock and oil markets behave like “a market of one” after the financialization of commodities is further supported by the presence of contagion between US stock markets and all the benchmark oil markets.     

Liquidity shocks,commodity financialization,and market comovements

We explore whether and how liquidity factors influence risk transfers between commodity and stock markets using a composite liquidity index and five different types of liquidity measures. We find that liquidity shocks, including both funding liquidity and market liquidity, are positively associated with comovements between commodity and stock markets after 2000, although the relationship is insignificant before 2000. The structural change indicates that financialization creates a role for adverse liquidity shocks to increase cross-market correlations. Further evidence shows that the effect of liquidity on cross-market correlations is state-dependent and intensifies when liquidity conditions deteriorate and asset returns sustain substantial declines. Our findings are not explained by business cycles.     

Commodity Markets and Commodity Mutual Funds

Fundamental economic factors—market demand and supply conditions—provide the most consistent explanation for trends in commodity prices from 2004 to 2011. This paper presents empirical evidence that the rise and fall of commodity prices on a monthly basis can be strongly linked to the value of the U.S. dollar and the world business cycle—in particular, to the strength or weakness in emerging market economies such as China, Brazil, India, and Russia. Despite concerns raised by some policymakers that increased commodity index investment (the financialization of commodities) has driven commodity price movements, numerous academic studies have concluded that index-based investing has not moved prices or exacerbated volatility in commodity markets in recent years. An examination of weekly and monthly net flows into commodity mutual funds reveals that these flows have little or no effect on the overall growth rate of commodity prices. In particular, weekly flows into commodity mutual funds do not lead to future commodity price changes. These results are consistent with academic papers that find little or no impact of commodity index investors on commodity prices in individual markets. The paper concludes by briefly discussing three key factors that illustrate why flows into commodity mutual funds cannot explain commodity price movements.     

Predictive abilities of speculators in energy markets

Using nonparametric methodology, I find that speculators are successful in taking profitable positions in energy futures markets, although the magnitude of this effect is lower than that found previously for agricultural markets. A plausible explanation for this difference is that price forecasting is more difficult for energy commodities. Moreover, I find that the energy speculators’ returns are due to the existence of the risk premiums rather than to speculators’ forecasting abilities. Futures risk premium is highly time-variant; notably, energy investors’ profits have been very limited in the GFC and post-GFC period, which coincided with the financialization of commodity markets.     

Volatility term structures in commodity markets

In this study, we comprehensively examine the volatility term structures in commodity markets. We model state-dependent spillovers in principal components (PCs) of the volatility term structures of different commodities, as well as that of the equity market. We detect strong economic links and a substantial interconnectedness of the volatility term structures of commodities. Accounting for intra-commodity-market spillovers significantly improves out-of-sample forecasts of the components of the volatility term structure. Spillovers following macroeconomic news announcements account for a large proportion of this forecast power. There thus seems to be substantial information transmission between different commodity markets.     

Arbitrage,cointegration, and the joint dynamics of prices across discrete commodity futures auctions

Underlying the search for arbitrage opportunities across commodity futures markets that differ in market structure is the idea that the futures prices for similar commodities that are traded on different exchanges adjusted for differences in currency, delivery time (if any), location, and market structure are equal. This article examines price linkages in competing discrete commodity futures auction markets. We find no evidence of cointegration of futures prices of similar commodities traded on two contemporaneous discrete auction futures exchanges in Asia. We also find no evidence of arbitrage activities across these two Asian exchanges, though this does not preclude arbitrage activities with North American continuous auction markets. This lack of cointegration may be due to nonstationarities in the trading cost component. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 19: 799–815, 1999     

Intermediary asset pricing in commodity futures returns

This paper assesses the extent to which intermediary capital (IC) risk contributes toward explaining commodity futures returns. We find that the IC effect is substantially positive and continues to grow as the financialization of commodities deepens. Positive and negative IC risks play asymmetric roles, with the effect of negative IC strengthening in recent subperiods. We further confirm the heterogeneous roles of IC across individual commodities by cross-section analyses. Overall, the effect of the positive IC risk factor varies significantly. Portfolios with low basis, low open interest, low momentum, and low liquidity earn significantly higher returns than counterparty portfolios.     

Does global fear predict fear in BRICS stock markets? Evidence from a Bayesian Graphical Structural VAR model

We examine the predictive power of implied volatility in the commodity and major developed stock markets for the implied volatility in individual BRICS stock markets. We use daily data from March 2011 to October 2016 and employ the newly developed Bayesian Graphical Structural Vector Autoregressive (BGSVAR) model of Ahelegbey et al. (2016). Evidence suggests that the predictability of individual implied volatilities in BRICS is generally a function of both global and within the group stock market implied volatilities, and that the role of commodity market volatility is marginal, except for South Africa. Important implications for policy-makers and portfolio-managers are discussed.     

Dependence of stock and commodity futures markets in China: Implications for portfolio investment

We examine the recent trends in dependence structure between the fast-growing commodity markets and the stock markets in China. We address this issue by using copula functions that allow for measuring both average and tail dependence. Our results provide evidence of low and positive correlations between these markets, suggesting that commodity futures are a desirable asset class for portfolio diversification. By comparing the market risks of alternative portfolio strategies, we show that Chinese investors can take advantage of commodity futures during different times to realize risk diversification and downside risk reduction benefits.