技术进步对经济增长的贡献分析

20世纪60年代初的新古典增长理论认为作为外生变量的技术进步对经济增长具有决定作用,并提出了技术进步的测度方法即SR(Solow-Risidual)。在此以后的新经济增长理论同样强调技术进步对经济增长的贡献作用,并进一步将技术进步内生化。在分析了各种主要的肯定技术进步对经济增长影响作用的增长理论基础上,运用计量方法测度了中国1996年以来的技术进步对经济增长的贡献。     

Managerial considerations in evaluating the role of licensing in technological development strategies

Increasing managerial efforts to minimize the heavy costs and risks of pioneering the development of major technological advances have increased interest in licensing foreign advances. After reviewing the commonly hoped-for benefits of such licensing, attention is given to some of the less widely recognized limitations of relying on such expedients as well as to some of the necessary foundations for achieving effective utilizations of such licensed innovations. Attention is also given to the likelihood that a variety of newly emerging major innovations in manufacturing technologies may be less amenable to effective transfer than has been true of many past advances, thereby counseling a reduced role for licensing in the technological development strategies of numerous industries and firms.     

Regulation and technological change in the American meat industry

The effects of regulation upon technological change in the American meat industry in the period between 1950 and 1978 are examined in terms of the relationship between three alternative models — neoclassical, X-efficiency, and technological exogeneity —and the behavior of regulatory agencies. The paper is based upon patent data, equipment approvals by the United States Department of Agriculture and interviews with meat equipment and meat processing firms. Each theory was found to account for some of the observed transactions between regulation and technological change. Conversely, no single theory encompasses all observed effects.Regulations have added to the cost of developing new products. Increased uncertainty in the late 1970s over the standards sought by regulatory agencies have similarly increased the uncertainties of the profitability of R&D in selected product lines. This uncertainty was also found to be inducing firms to substitute product development via mergers for their own R&D. The Humane Slaughter Act was the proximate spur for technological advances that lead to a rationalization of production processes. The innovations that resulted from this act and from other regulatory standards highlighted, in accordance with the X-efficiency framework, technological opportunities that existed prior to and independent of changes in regulatory standards. Much of the momentum for technological change in the industry was shaped by an initial set of technological advances and the subsequent working through of production bottlenecks in an interrelated production system. These advances were largely independent of and unaffected by regulatory standards.Indeed, there is reason to believe that regulatory standards may themselves have an element of endogeneity in terms of the feasible set of best practice techniques. Thus at any particular time, technological change may serve to generate a production frontier towards which a regulatory agency might seem to propel an industry.Overall, our judgment is that regulation had little discernible impact on the pace of technological change related to the production and distribution of ground beef in the period between 1950 and 1978. If there has been any net effect, regulation probably served more to stimulate than to inhibit technological change.     

垂直专业化对我国本土企业技术进步的影响研究

对于发展中国家而言,参与垂直专业化分工体系成为促进技术进步的重要途径之一。我国本土企业应该通过不断参与垂直专业化过程吸引外国直接投资,或参与中间产品进出口等途径不断获得国外技术溢出,最终促进自身技术进步。     

对经济与技术发展过程中收入调节问题的新探讨

发展方式转变的基础是技术进步。技术进步的结果是新产品产业的出现和传统产业的技术改造与升级。为了保持社会总供求平衡和促进新产品产业的发展，政府干预社会工资水平的调整成为经济社会平稳发展所必不可少的重要环节。传统产业的技术进步，将直接降低产品成本和销售价格，从而也必将增加社会居民的消费福利。社会工资收入水平应随着本国产业结构的发展与完善而不断进行调整，使居民的消费结构和消费福利随之不断完善和提高。     

Trade,Technology and the Labour Market: The Case of South Africa*

This study advances previous work on the effects of trade and technological change on labour markets within the framework of Heckscher–Ohlin trade theory. We provide evidence for an unskilled labour abundant developing country by employing dynamic heterogeneous panel estimation techniques. For South African manufacturing, trade‐mandated increases in earnings are positive for labour and negative for capital whilst technology‐mandated increases are negative for both factors. We also find it important to take account of endogeneity issues in analysing the impact of technology and price changes on factor returns and in isolating factor‐ and sector‐bias of technological changes.     

To sell public or private goods

Review of Economic Design - Traditional analysis takes the public or private nature of goods as given. However, technological advances, particularly related to digital goods such as non-fungible...     

Toward a supply chain finance (SCF) ecosystem – Proposing a framework and agenda for future research

While supply chain finance (SCF) is receiving growing attention in research, it remains limited in reach and fragmented in its implementation. At the same time, technological advances are changing the shape of the overall business ecosystem in which SCF is embedded. Therefore, the aim of this research is to conduct a systematic review of the SCF literature and develop a framework of analysis to support further exploration of the SCF ecosystem. This research expands on other recent systematic reviews of SCF literature and introduces the business ecosystem concept to the SCF domain. Based on the presented SCF framework, an agenda for future SCF ecosystem research is proposed.     

Just Reward: The Nature of Work and Its Remuneration in the Economics and Ethics of Henry George

Work is a fundamental reality of human existence. This essay examines in general terms the idea of work and labor, briefly explains the biblical foundation of George's perspective on work, and presents George's analysis on unemployment, technological change, and true competition. Finally, it discusses how access to the natural opportunities land provides liberates labor and advances the just distribution of wealth, connects these insights to Catholic Social Teachings (CST), and calls for more cooperation between these natural allies.     

A new playing field for all non-profits

Since the turn of the century, fund raising and consulting practices have changed little in a field defined by slow evolution, low technological advances, labor-intensive practices and relatively expensive time/resource requirements. Almost instantly, the Internet has "leveled the playing field" for all non-profits--allowing small organizations to take advantage of the same premier fund-raising expertise and services once available exclusively to large non-profits with significant resources and budgets.     

Specialty beds and wound care products: a new cost-saving role

Recent technological advances in specialty beds and other products used in preventing and treating skin breakdown have left most health care professionals quite puzzled as to which surface or product to use for a given clinical situation. As a result, nurse consultants employed by the product vendors are often relied on as the primary source for "expert" advice on patient-specific product selection. Envisioning the potential for inappropriate utilization of these expensive products resulting from this reliance on the vendors, the Baptist Health System (BHS) chose to create their own internal "expert" for coordinating wound and skin care. Based on the BHS experience, the development of such a role is highly recommended for other multifacility health care systems dedicated to providing the highest-quality, most cost-effective patient care possible.     

The Development of Statistical Computing at Rothamsted

An account is given of the development of statistical computing at Rothamsted. It is concerned mainly with the period from 1954 (when the first electronic computer was delivered) until 1985 (when this article was written). Initially, many specialised programs were written, but it was soon realised that, for efficiency, general‐purpose programs—each unifying many statistical techniques—were required. The development of these programs was gradual and required corresponding developments in statistical theory. Now, the bulk of statistical work, not only for Rothamsted but also for the Agricultural and Food Research Service (AFRS) as a whole, is covered by a few programs, notably Genstat that has an international market. Further developments of these programs are required to make them more accessible to scientists who are not well versed in statistics and to take advantage of technological advances.     

Human resource management,strategic involvement and e-HRM technology

Associated with the emergence of internet-based human resource management technology is rhetoric predicting that such technological advances (electronic human resource management technology or e-HRM) will make HRM in organizations more strategic. Yet such a prediction is contested in the literature on the role of technology in organizations. Using a large survey data-set consisting of 5665 companies that are located in 32 different countries, we use non-recursive simultaneous equation models with instrumental variables to empirically evaluate competing theoretical perspectives in this literature. We find and show that strategic HR involvement and greater e-HRM capability are both directly and reciprocally related supporting both theoretical perspectives but also showing each is not mutually exclusive. We discuss the implication of these results for human resource management theory, practice and future research.     

Advanced techniques of donor recognition

This paper examines the issue of ‘donor recognition’ in fundraising, and how recent technological advances have given charitable organisations new strategic tools in which to recognise and protect their donor base. In providing real-life examples of how American charities are using new donor recognition techniques, this paper seeks to provide specific options of how any charity can maximise the net income potential of every donor on its file.     

加工贸易结构升级的影响因素——基于山东省数据的实证研究

在国内外研究的基础上,通过研究加工贸易结构升级的影响因素,采用1996～2007年山东省相关数据,利用回归分析方法进行定量研究。结果表明产业结构对加工贸易结构升级有着负的影响,技术进步对其影响不显著。     

民营中小企业融资难的原因及对策研究

中小民营企业在推动国民经济发展、增加就业、推动科技进步等方面做出了重要贡献。但融资困难现已成为中小民营企业发展的主要障碍,只有采取有效转变国有银行观念、建立信用担保体系、大胆拓宽融资渠道等措施才能得到有效解决。     

A conservation of resources approach to inter-role career transitions

Increased globalization and rapid technological advances have greatly affected how careers are enacted. Many of today's workers are transitioning across the boundaries of occupations, organizations, and countries more frequently than previous generations of workers. Despite these great changes in the contemporary workplace, relatively little recent academic consideration has been devoted to the career transition (CT) construct or the commonalities in the decision-making process used by individuals to determine whether to make a CT. Given the many significant changes that have affected careers over the last several decades, the purpose of this paper is to offer a contemporary typology of CTs, a theory-driven model of the voluntary inter-role CT decision-making process, and propositions for future research. The proposed typology and model should also help people make better decisions about CTs.     

浅论工程监理工作中的量化考核

随着经济的快速发展,科技的不断进步,工程监理这一新兴行业也迅猛发展起来。而工程监理质量的好坏直接影响着工程的质量,本文对如何完善的工程监理制度,如何制定切实可行的量化考核方法,如何把监理的管理真正落到实处进行深入分析,从而为促进工程建设工作有效发展。