The antecedents of preventive health care behavior: An empirical study

A conceptual model of preventive health care behavior is proposed and tested. Results suggest that preventive health care behaviors are strongly influenced by the value consumers perceive in engaging in such actions. This value is greatly affected by response efficacy, or the person’s belief that a specific action will mitigate the health threat. A separate consideration affecting adherence to a prescribed preventive health care behavior is self-efficacy, or the person’s belief that the target behaviors can be enacted. Additionally, health motivation and health consciousness are also shown to influence preventive health care behaviors. Future research directions and managerial implications of the findings are outlined. Rama K. Jayanti (Ph.D., Louisiana State University) is an assistant professor of marketing, James J. Nance College of Business, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio. Her primary research interests include services marketing and consumer behavior. She has published articles inJournal of Health Care Marketing; Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction, and Complaining Behavior; andJournal of Professional Services Marketing. Alvin C. Burns is a professor of marketing and department chairman at Louisiana State University. His articles have appeared in publications such as theJournal of Marketing Research, Journal of Health Care Marketing, Journal of Advertising, Journal of Advertising Research, andAsian Journal of Marketing. Burns belongs to the American Marketing Association, the Association for Consumer Research, and the Association for Business Simulation and Experiential Learning. He is the lead author ofMarketing Research (Prentice Hall, 1995).     

Efficacy of perceived risk as a correlate of reported donation behavior: An empirical analysis

Various environmental trends suggest a challenging future for nonprofit organizations’ quests for fund-raising and volunteer recruitment. Previous research indicates that the perceived risk paradigm may be a valuable framework for examining donation behavior. The evidence generated in this study shows that risk perception has little bearing on money and time donation behaviors. Results also suggest that while perceived risk does not predict donation behavior well, it improves prediction when used in conjunction with demographic variables. His articles have appeared in theJournal of Marketing Research, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of the Market Research Society, Long Range Planning, Journal of Business Research, andInternational Journal of Research in Marketing. Dr. Yavas serves on the editorial review boards of theJournal of Business Research, International Marketing Review, and other journals. His articles have appeared in theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of Marketing Research, Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Business Research, andInternational Journal of Advertising. Dr. Riecken’s contributions have received outstanding paper awards at the conferences of the Decision Sciences Institute, Academy of Marketing Science, and Southwestern Marketing Association. His articles have appeared in theJournal of Marketing Research, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of Retailing, Journal of Business Research, Journal of Advertising Research, Journal of Consumer Affairs, and other marketing and management journals. Dr. Babakus serves on the editorial review boards of theJournal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, Journal of Business Research, and other marketing journals.     

Cluster analysis versus Q-type factor analysis as a disaggregation method in hybrid conjoint modeling: An empirical investigation

The author compares the predictive performance of cluster analysis and Q-type factor analysis as disaggregation methods in hybrid conjoint modeling. The results indicate that cluster- and Q-type-factor-based models perform about equally well in predictive validity terms. The paper, however, suggests the need for more empirical research.     

An empirical study of innate consumer innovativeness,personal characteristics,and new-product adoption behavior

This article explores the relationships between innate consumer innovativeness, personal characteristics, and new-product adoption behavior. To do this, the authors analyze cross-sectional data from a household panel using a structural equation modeling approach. They also test for potential moderating effects using a two-stage least square estimation procedure. They find that the personal characteristics of age and income are stronger predictors of new-product ownership in the consumer electronics category than innate consumer innovativeness as a generalized personality trait. The authors also find that personal characteristics neither influence innate consumer innovativeness nor moderate the relationship between innate consumer innovativeness and new-product adoption behavior. Subin Im is currently an assistant professor of marketing at San Francisco State University. His primary scholarly interest includes the organizational aspects of innovation, new-product development for marketing strategy, the consumer side of the innovation adoption process, organizational learning in new-product development, moral hazard and adverse selection model, and research methodology using multivariate statistical techniques. His current research projects include creativity in new-product development, market orientation and innovation, consumer innovativeness, entrepreneurship and organizational learning in new-product development, the development of the creativity measure, the validation of the innovativeness measure, and the testing of nonlinear effects in structural equation modeling. He received his Ph.D. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Subin worked in banking and semiconductor industries before he joined academia. Barry L. Bayus is a professor of marketing in the University of North Carolina's (UNC) Kenan-Flagler Business School. Prior to joining the marketing faculty at UNC, Barry worked in both industry and academia. He has also served as an expert witness in patent infringement cases involving high-tech products. His teaching and research interests are in the areas of new-product design and development, marketing analysis and strategy, and technological change. His recent research is concerned with the creation and evolution of new markets and the historical evolution of products, as well as new-product development issues such as speed to market, product life-cycle management, new-product preannouncements, product proliferation, firm entry, and exit timing in dynamically changing markets. Charlotte H. Mason is an associate professor of marketing in the University of North Carolina's Kenan-Flagler Business School, where she leads the MBA Customer and Product Management concentration. Her industry experience includes work for Procter & Gamble, Booz, Allen and Hamilton, as well as consulting projects. Her research focuses on the development and testing of marketing models and applications of multivariate statistics to marketing problems. She is currently investigating issues relating to the analysis and use of large customer databases as well as strategic issues surrounding customer portfolio management. Her research has been published inMarketing Science, theJournal of Marketing Research, theJournal of Consumer Research, Marketing Letters, theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, and theJournal of Business Research. She is on the review boards of theJournal of Marketing Research and theJournal of the Academy of Marketign Science and is coauthor (with William Perreault) ofThe Marketing Game!, a strategic marketing simulation.     

公司管理层讨论与分析信息披露的影响因素--基于深沪223家上市公司经验证据的探讨

我国对管理层讨论与分析（MD＆A）不仅理论研究较少，而且实践上也无法对其进行有效的监控，导致目前上市公司对MD＆A信息的披露极不规范，影响到了资本市场的发展。根据对223家深沪上市公司的分析，我国年报中MD＆A信息披露程度较低；虽然资本的竞争性正促使我国公司进行更多的MD＆A信息披露，但仍存在一些阻碍因素；我国公司MD＆A信息披露与高管激励显著相关。     

The effects of downsizing on organizational buying behavior: An empirical investigation

To survive in today’s highly competitive markets, many firms are initiating fundamental changes in organizational form and practice. These restructuring efforts are having significant effects on the organization and management of work within customer firms. However, these important changes have been largely ignored in the extant marketing literature. The research presented in this article first describes a general theory of the effects of organizational downsizing. Then, it examines the potential effects of downsizing on buying center structure and purchase participant characteristics. Findings support several of the hypotheses related to the proposed effects of organizational downsizing on the outcome variables of interest. Jeffrey E. Lewin (Ph.D., Georgia State University) is an assistant professor and Chair, Department of Marketing at Western Carolina University. His research interests include business-to-business marketing, relationship marketing, personal selling and sales management, and organizational buying behavior. His work has been published in theJournal of Business Research, theJournal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Advances in Business Marketing and Purchasing, and other publications. He serves on the editorial review boards of theJournal of Business Research and theJournal of Business & Industrial Marketing and is a reviewer for theJournal of Business-to-Business Marketing, theJournal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, andIndustrial Marketing Management.     

Risky shift: An empirical investigation and implications for industrial buying behavior and marketing management

This study attempts to determine whether the nature of the industrial buying process has an effect on the riskiness of its decisions. Research has shown that group discussion of alternatives has a tendency to shift initial risk preferences of individuals and groups. This social phenomenon, known as “risky shift,” has important implications for marketers since many decisions involve group consensus or social influence if decisions are made by a single individual. It was posited that the influence of others, mainfested by group discussion, will change the risk preference in both individual and group consensus decisions. An industrial supplier selection decision was presented to 92 marketing students in which five alternative sources of supply were described in reference to various performance criteria. The data clearly reflected statistically significant changes in risk preferences as a result of group discussion in both the individual before-individual after and individual before-group after type decision.     

股票流动性和股利支付的实证研究

本文以我国A股上市公司2000年至2014年的数据为研究样本,检验了股票的流动性对股利支付的作用.由于股票流动性提供了关于企业的信息,增强了内部人的激励来支付股利,因此,通过实证研究发现,股票的流动性与股利支付之间呈显著的正相关关系.更进一步的,本文发现在信息环境更加透明和股权分置改革完成后,流动性和股利支付之间的关系进一步增强的.     

Price,product information,and purchase intention: An empirical study

Price, nonprice product information, and purchase intention, together with the intervening variables of perceived price, perceived quality, and perceived value, are empirically examined. The results indicate that perceived price is positively influenced by objective price and negatively influenced by reference price. They support the positive price-perceived quality relationship found in previous studies and, further, show that the influence of price on perceived quality is lessened in the presence of substantial direct product information. Finally, the results demonstrate that a trade-off between perceived price and perceived quality leads to perceived value, and perceived value is a primary factor influencing purchase intention. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Missouri. His primary research interests are in the areas of consumer behavior and international marketing. He received his Ph.D. from Purdue University. He has published articles in various business, marketing, and social science journals.     

An empirical analysis of spokesperson characteristics on advertisement and product evaluations

This article reports the results of an experimental investigation of the influence of a communicator’s characteristics on respondent’s evaluation of an advertisement when the communicator is in the role of a spokesperson. Specifically, the author assesses the impact of the physical attractiveness, sex and race of a spokesperson, the sex of the respondent and product advertised on respondent’s attitude toward the advertisement, and respondent’s perceptions of the advertised product. The results presented indicate that the effectiveness of the factors mentioned are dependent on the specific objective of the communication. A main effect of physical attractiveness was noted on a subject’s attitude toward the advertisement, on perceptions of product quality and intent to purchase. The sex of the communicator impacted on a subject's perception of product quality and interacted with the race of the communicator to effect the intent to purchase variable. Race was shown to effect the subject’s perception of product quality. A main effect of the sex of the subject was noted for the cognition variable.     

Attributions and behavioral intentions of inexperienced salespersons to failure: An empirical investigation

The goal of this research was to determine how inexperienced sales representatives (rookies) interpret and respond to their sales failure situations. The authors studied 296 rookie financial services sales representatives'performance attributions for a previous unsuccessful sales interaction and their intended behaviors for a future, similar selling situation. This provided the authors the opportunity to compare their results with Dixon, Spiro and Jamil's (2001) findings for experienced sales representatives (veterans). In the event of a sales failure, rookies'responses do not parallel those of veterans. The results suggest that rookies are likely to engage in several inappropriate behaviors in response to failed sales encounters. Implications for managers and directions for future research are discussed. Andrea L. Dixon (Andrea. Dixon@uc.edu) (Ph.D., Indiana University) is an assistant professor of marketing at the University of Cincinnati. Her research focuses on selling behaviors, team selling, integrating technology and personal selling, and the role of developmental relationships in enhancing creativity and productivity in the sales division. The primary focus of her research is improving the performance of sales representatives and the sales organization or unit. She has published in theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, theJournal of Marketing, and theJournal of Personal Selling and Sales Management. She currently serves on the editorial review boards of theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science and theJournal of Personal Selling and Sales Management. Dixon is the vice chair for conference programming of the Selling and Sales Management Special Interest Group of the American Marketing Association. Rosann L. Spiro (spiro@ indiana.edu), Ph. D., is a professor of marketing and chairperson of the Marketing Department at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana, where she teaches Sales Management, Personal Selling, International Marketing, Business-to-Business Marketing Strategy, and Managerial Research in Marketing. Her research interests focus on sales strategy, sales management, and personal selling. Her work has appeared in numerous publications, including theJournal of Marketing Research, theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of Consumer Research, theJournal of Business, and theJournal of Personal Selling and Sales Management. She currently serves on the editorial review boards of theJournal of Personal Selling and Sales Management andMarketing Management. She is also a coauthor of a leading sales management text,Management of a Sales Force (11 th ed.). She formerly served as the chairperson of the Board of the American Marketing Association. Curtently she serves on an Advisory Board for the Univted States Bureau of Census and is the chair of the Selling and Sales Management Special Interest Group of the American Marketing Association. Lukas P. Forbes (Lukas.Forbes@wku.edu) is an assistant professor of marketing in the Gordon Ford College of Business at Western Kentucky University. He received his B.S. from the United States Military Academy at West Point, his M.B.A. from worcester Polytechnic Institute, and is completing his Ph.D. at the University of Kentucky. His research interests include personal selling, services, and product development. He has previously published in the American Marketing Association Educators and Frontiers in Services conference proceedings.     

The role of brand personality in charitable giving: An assessment and validation

Marketing concepts such as corporate identity, image, and branding are important strategies for nonprofit organizations. In particular, brand personality has been advocated by practitioners but has not been empirically investigated in the nonprofit context. According to social exchange theory and trust, the authors argue that nonprofit stakeholders perceive nonprofit organizations at an abstract level because of the organizations’ intangibility and social ideals. This study develops and refines a parsimonious measure of brand personality specifically for the nonprofit context. The authors conduct a series of six multimethod studies of nonprofit stakeholders to validate the role of brand personality in nonprofit organizations. The results yield four dimensions of brand personality for nonprofits: integrity, nurturance, sophistication, and ruggedness. Thus, current and potential donors ascribe personality traits to nonprofit organizations and differentiate between nonprofits on the basis of the organizations’ personality. Finally, nonprofit brand personality may influence potential donors’ likelihood to contribute. Beverly T. Venable (venable_beverly@colstate.edu; Ph.D., University of Mississippi) is an assistant professor of marketing at Columbus State University. Her research interests are in nonprofit marketing, branding, and ethics. She has published in theJournal of Business Ethics and several national and international proceedings. Gregory M. Rose (rosegm@u.washington.edu; Ph.D., University of Oregon) is an associate professor of marketing at the University of Washington, Tacoma. His research interests include consumer socialization and cross-cultural consumer behavior. He has published articles in theJournal of Consumer Research, theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, theJournal of Business Research, theJournal of Advertising, and theJournal of Consumer Psychology, as well as other journals and proceedings. Victoria D. Bush (vbush@bus.olemiss.edu; Ph.D., University of Memphis) is an associate professor of marketing at the University of Mississippi. Her research interests include cultural diversity in buyer-seller relationships, advertising ethics, and Internet marketing. Her research has been published in theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, theJournal of Advertising Research, theJournal of Advertising, theJournal of Public Policy and Marketing, andIndustrial Marketing Management, as well as other journals and proceedings. Faye W. Gilbert (faye.gilbert@gcsu.edu; Ph.D., University of North Texas) is a professor of marketing and dean of the J. Whitney Bunting School of Business at Georgia College and State University. Her research interests are in customer relationship management, health care marketing, and sales management. She has published in theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, theJournal of Business Research, theJournal of Retailing, Psychology and Marketing, as well as other journals and proceedings.     

财政分权与政府支出结构关系的实证分析

以我国的省际面板数据为样本对政府支出结构与财政分权的关系进行实证检验。研究发现：（１）财政分权度每增加１个单位,生产性支出份额分别将增加０．０９９和０．１３７个单位。政府竞争与生产性支出份额的交互项符号为正,但不显著。（２）财政分权度每提高一个单位,消费性支出所占的份额会分别下降０．０４３和０．０１９个单位。财政分权与政府竞争没有通过交互效应影响消费性支出份额。（３）财政分权导致政府支出结构偏离合意水平。财政分权度每提高１个单位,政府支出结构多偏离０．１５５和０．２０４个单位。政府竞争和财政分权对政府支出结构偏离的边际效应大于０。     

Strategic profiles and performance: An empirical test of select key propositions

Competing theories on internal orientation versus external orientation are examined. The relevant theories are amalgamated and condensed into a number of competing propositions that are empirically tested. The findings suggest that the internally oriented businesses as well as the externally oriented businesses underperform the efficient, marketing oriented businesses.     

Digitization of selling activity and sales force performance: An empirical investigation

Firms are creating a digitized selling capability by developing Web sites designed to provide information and conduct transactions with customers, replacing many routine sales force activities. The authors use the motivationability framework to shape a conceptual model that examines the effects of the digitization of selling activity on two salesperson outcomes: salesperson effectiveness and salesperson job-insecurity. Using data from salespeople in 168 firms, they assess the moderating effects of environmental-level motivational factors and firm-level ability factors on the impact of digitization of selling activity on salesperson effectiveness and job insecurity. The results reveal that digitization has the paradoxical effect of improving salesperson effectiveness and heightening job insecurity concerns, and also that managers can improve the technology-enabled multichannel capabilities of the firm by giving priority attention to human capital improvement, sales force control systems, and communication of the digitization strategy. Devon S. Johnson (Ph.D., London Business School, dj@devonjohnson.com) is currently an assistant professor of marketing at Northeastern University, Boston. Previously, he was an assistant rofessor of marketing in the Giozueta Business School at Emory University. His research interests are the role of social capital in relational exchange and technology consumption and implementation. Sundar Bharadwaj (Sundar_Bharadwaj@bus.Emory.edu) is an associate professor of marketing in the Goizueta Business School at Emory University. His general research interests focus on marketing strategy and performance and risk. His research has been published in theJournla of Marketing, Management Science, and theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, among others.     

福建省能源消费与经济发展实证分析

通过对福建省1978—2012年间能源消费与经济发展进行实证分析,经济发展水平通过GDP生产总值、第三产业产值、劳动力第二三产业就业比重和平均每人纯收入来综合度量。引用柯布—道格拉斯生产函数,在变量一阶单整条件下构造反映福建省能源消费与经济发展长期均衡关系的协整方程,并且在考虑了短期变动因素情况下,构造了向量误差修正模型,即VEC模型。模型的结果显示出能源消费增加拉动了福建省经济发展水平的提升,能源消费每增加1%,经济发展水平就会提高0.34%,并且在短期,能源消费增长率在t时期对前一时期的调整力度为9%。     

金融支持农业产业化课题调研

河南省金融部门在支持农业产业化过程中还存在着诸如外部环境欠佳、农村资金外流严重、农金部门可用资金不足、信贷管理体制不完善等问题。要解决这些问题，除了逐步改善金融支持农业产业化的外部环境、切实采取有效措施抑制农村资金流出外，还要在灵活运用好农村信贷资金、完善现行的信贷管理体制、继续按照合作制原则规范农村信用社、进一步培植农村产业化龙头企业等方面下工夫。     

我国城镇居民收入与消费均衡关系的实证分析

本文利用ADF单位根检验、Granger因果关系法和Engle-Granger协整分析等讲师经济理论，对改革开放以来我国城镇居民的收入与消费之间的关系进行了定量分析。研究结果表明：我国城镇居民收入与消费的绝对水平之间并不存在明显的协整关系。但是，通过一个阶差分运算或对数化处理后的数据之间存在着长期均衡关系。