浅述如何迅速提高中国乒乓球运动员击球的协调性

随着乒乓球运动的不断开展,使人们在长期的实践中认识到：击球的准确性,击球的速度,击球的力量,球的旋转,及击球得落点成为提高乒乓球击球技术的五要素。我想有必要对提高中国乒乓球运动员击球的协调性进行一下研究,这可能有利于指导乒乓球运动员的训练和比赛,对如何迅速提高我国乒乓球技术、改进运动员的动作和提高运动员的运动成绩有着重大的作用和意义。至此,我将着重从影响运动员击球协调性的因素、如何提高提高我国乒乓球运动员击球协调性等方面展开论述。     

Coordination failure in an industrial society

Summary Different macroeconomic theories of coordination failure are dealt with. Using simple models it is shown that externalities may lead to multiple Pareto-ranked equilibria or, under suitable assumptions, to a continuum of equilibria. It is argued that in industrial societies imperfect competition is predominant. Therefore, demand externalities may be the main cause of low level equilibria. Trading externalities and searching externalities may play a supplementary role. The theory of coordination failure is based on complete markets and price flexibility. Despite its strong appeal, it has certain shortcomings which are also discussed in the paper.I would like to thank S.K. Kuipers and A. van Schaik for their useful comments on an earlier version of this paper.     

Social Justice and open coordination in Europe.

In his Tinbergen lecture Jacques Drèze broaches two interesting themes. He argues, firstly, that we have failed to develop an efficient instrument for income insurance on behalf of potentially low-skilled workers; wage subsidies are such an instrument. Secondly, he argues that labour market integration in an economic union like the EU entails externalities, resulting in underprovision of insurance; coordination or matching grants could overcome that second inefficiency. I largely share Drèze's policy paradigm. Yet, I believe enhancing social justice in the European Union requires, at this stage of European cooperation, a different methodology of policy coordination, which has recently been coined 'open coordination.' I will develop my argument in favour of 'open coordination' with reference to the two themes Drèze discusses.     

“政产学研用”协同创新嵌入式的新型创意产业园区构建研究

在新的商业时代背景下,创意产业园在驱动商业模式变革、城市经济发展过程中发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文基于创意产业园发展现状及相关理论文献研究,创新性地提出"政产学研用"协同创新嵌入式的新型创意产业园区概念,分析了政府、企业、学校、科研机构以及用户在创意产业园构建过程中的角色地位及功能,阐述了新型创意产业园的运行原理,概括了战略协同、组织协同、知识协同、制度协同及环境协同的五个运行机制,创新性地提出了创意产业园空间轨迹、产业轨迹及效用轨迹的3.0能级提升演化路径,以期为新型创意产业园区构建提供理论支持,助推行业商业模式变革。     

Comparative European practices in enterprise support: UK, Germany and France

This paper develops issues in enterprise support and research with support agencies discussed in a previous paper (Deakins, 1993). We compare the system of enterprise support in the UK with the role of Chambers of Commerce and local authority support provision in Germany and France through data from interviews in three regions and specific focus on three cities/towns; Birmingham in the West Midlands, Pforzheim in Baden-Wurttemberg and Clermont-Ferrand in the Auvergne. Criticisms of the duplication of support effort and the lack of coordination have led to the establishment of the first Business Links in the UK. To some extent, these are intended to follow the German model of coordination and the re-focusing of support away from start-ups to existing firms that have 20-200 employees. We are critical of the extent to which Business Links can effectively coordinate enterprise support and target growth firms.     

Rules,discretion, and international monetary and fiscal policy coordination

This paper considers the implications of international policy coordination when both monetary and fiscal policy choices are endogenous. We show that a movement from insular monetary commitment to international monetary policy coordination will, if fiscal policies are not coordinated, produce higher output and public expenditure levels at the expense of higher inflation rates. We also show that the concurrent coordination of monetary and fiscal policies raises output and inflation while lowering public expenditure relative to a regime of monetary coordination alone. We conclude that the arguments for concurrent monetary and fiscal policy coordination fail to have a clear-cut theoretical basis.     

Coordination, Challenges, and Innovations in 19 National Sustainable Development Strategies

In this article, we study 19 developing and developed countries to identify key challenges, approaches, and innovations in strategic and coordinated action for sustainable development at the national level. We are interested in the institutional fabric of implementing sustainable development. What are governments actually doing to organize the processes required for this? What are the institutional innovations in this regard and what kind of typologies can be identified?Despite some true progress made, our findings indicate that countries are still at the early stages of learning toward effective action for sustainable development. This applies both to developing and developed countries. Key unsolved challenges include (a) coordination with the national budget, (b) coordination with sub-national level sustainable development strategies, and (c) coordination with other national-level strategy processes.     

城市创新力与人口发展协调性的考量研究——基于北京、上海、深圳、杭州四大城市的多维指标比较

在创新已成为核心竞争能力的当下,人口要素在城市创新力提升中扮演着重要角色。为深入诠释人口对城市创新发展的重要意义,以人口发展潜力对城市创新力的支撑作用为核心评价依据,建构人口视角下的城市创新力分析框架,从人口的发展、经济及创新潜力等三个层面构建评价指标体系。通过对北京、上海、深圳、杭州四大城市各指标的比较,分析四个城市保持创新力的优势和劣势,为不断增进人口与城市经济、产业、科技等要素创新发展的协调性提出思路启示。     

区域产业立体协同发展策略研究——以郑洛新区域为例

郑洛新区域作为中原地区的战略性国家自主示范创新区，科学产业布局与协同发展策略，对河南省经济社会发展和中原崛起国家战略能够起到带动和示范作用。为推动郑洛新区域产业联动，提出横纵一体化的区域产业立体协同发展策略，通过设计面向生命周期的纵向产业协同和基于分形理论的横向产业协同，构建多层次跨区域的产业立体协同网络；针对郑洛新区域产业特征和各自主导产业，提出郑洛新区域产业立体协同发展的对策及建议。     

论中国金融监管机制的建设与趋势

本文通过分析中国金融监管协调方面存在的诸多问题,提出自己对于金融监管协调的改进建议。最后结合08年的全球性金融危机探讨了中国金融监管向混业监管发展的方向。     

How Large Looms the Ghost of the Past? State Dependence versus Heterogeneity in Coordination Games

In games with multiple, Pareto‐rankable equilibria and repeated play, does a history of playing an inefficient equilibrium make it harder for players to reach the efficient equilibrium? In other words, can people “get stuck” in bad equilibria? Previous studies have found support for this, but they have relied on naturally occurring variation in precedent. I implement randomized control to establish that precedent effects are important, but that naturally occurring variation exaggerates the importance of precedent. I present evidence that some of the endogeneity of naturally occurring precedents is due to variation in risk attitudes. This is because in the coordination games used, the inefficient equilibrium is associated with a safe strategy. Understanding the causal effect of precedent is important since many development problems are viewed as coordination games. Moreover, an appreciation of the way in which potential heterogeneity may interact with the policy is essential when trying to lift groups out of bad precedents.     

甘肃省城镇化与基本公共服务时空格局及耦合关系

城镇化对推进基本公共服务空间格局的发展发挥着重要作用，基本公共服务水平的提高也可以促进新型城镇化的健康发展，二者的耦合协调程度反映了城镇化进程中对城镇化质量的新要求。以甘肃省为例，运用熵值法、耦合协调度模型、相对发展模型探讨2010—2019年城镇化与基本公共服务时空演进特征以及二者相互作用关系。结果表明：甘肃省城镇化与基本公共服务总体水平呈逐年上升趋势，空间格局分异明显；甘肃省各个城市的耦合协调度分布呈“金字塔型”且不断优化，耦合系统先后经历了低水平耦合-拮抗-磨合-高水平耦合阶段；甘肃省耦合协调水平与相对发展类型具有较强的空间响应关系。在此基础上提出促进甘肃省城镇化与基本公共服务协调发展的对策建议。     

黄河流域数字经济与高质量发展耦合协调研究

数字经济作为新一轮信息产业革命的重要起点,对高质量发展有着巨大影响。采用耦合协调度及障碍度模型对2011—2020年黄河流域数字经济与高质量发展的耦合协调关系及障碍因子进行研究。研究发现,黄河流域数字经济与高质量发展处于高水平耦合阶段,下游地区的耦合协调度高于中上游地区,绿色生态及数字产业规模等指标制约两系统协调发展。地区应发挥数字经济作用,促进数字经济与高质量协调发展。     

我国制造业数字化转型与高质量发展耦合协调性研究

文章运用PVAR、耦合协调和莫兰指数模型对我国2015年—2019年制造业数字化转型与高质量发展的动态耦合协调性进行了实证研究。结果表明:我国整体两系统发展水平呈波动式上升态势,但东中西部地区差异性较明显;在互动关系上,制造业数字化转型对高质量发展的促进作用更显著;我国整体两系统耦合协调度呈稳步上升态势,且从东部到西部梯度递减;在耦合协调空间关联关系上,东部地区呈“高—高”聚集特征,西部地区呈“低—低”聚集特征,中部地区则不显著。今后应进一步发挥东部地区对中西部地区的带动作用,因地制宜提高两系统的耦合协调度。     

Communication and Monetary Policy

Recent trends toward greater central bank independence and theadoption of formal inflation targeting by several countrieshave served to emphasize the importance of communication policy.In this paper, we explore some of the economic effects of publicinformation that arise whenever public information serves thedual role of conveying fundamental information as well as servingas a focal point for better coordination. More precise publicinformation is a double-edged tool. While it is very effectivein influencing actions through coordination, sometimes it canbe too effective, and coordinate actions away from fundamentals.     

Asymmetric Information,Bargaining, and Comparative Advantage in Trade Relationships: An Interactive Game

The concept of comparative advantage is a fundamental tool in economics. Yet, it is a concept that new students of economics frequently find challenging to grasp. In this interactive classroom game, I highlight the three essential lessons of comparative advantage: (i) individuals can have a comparative advantage (and thus benefit from specialization) in an activity despite not having an absolute advantage, (ii) the gains from specialization are greatest when individuals have the most heterogeneous skill sets, and (iii) the extent of each individual's share of the gains from specialization is often left to negotiation, with asymmetric information playing an influential role. This classroom game allows each player to possess a unique production function, thus better resembling the diverse pool of potential trade partners that characterizes real life.     

重庆“一小时经济圈”“人口-经济-空间”城市化协调性研究

基于城市化的内涵,从人口城市化、经济城市化和空间城市化三个方面,构建区域城市化水平的综合评价指标体系,并运用均方差赋值法,对重庆“一小时经济圈”21个区县的城市化水平进行综合分析.结果发现：（在地域分布上,空间分异非常明显,经济城市化的空间差异起绝对的主导作用.空间城市化、经济城市化和人口城市化三者之间共同存在着一种圈层结构;（在整体发展阶段上,整体协调性水平不高,基本处于（0.3 ～0.5）的拮抗阶段,空间分异不明显;（依据彼此间协调度主宰程度,将其划分为人口-经济、经济-空间、人口-空间、综合协调导向型4种类型.     

Coordination Failures,Cluster Theory,and Entrepreneurship: A Critical View

In the last decades, more and more economists have advanced the idea that significant obstacles impeding economic growth (especially in less developed regions) consist in different market failures, preventing entrepreneurs from taking the necessary actions to exploit profit opportunities: coordination failure. This paper provides a refutation of the idea that coordination failures as manifested in the inability of clusters to emerge can serve as a ground for government intervention. It uses the Porter, Rodrik and Rodriguez-Clare thesis as an example of this approach and criticizes the claim that coordination externalities prevent the market process to allocate resources optimally.

Decisive sets,majority voting and the existence of a group preference function

Summary The constitutional process in a democratic society is examined by analysing the role ofdecisive sets in determining the preferences of the entire population. Firstly we consider the properties of sets which emerge from a group preference function satisfying the four conditions set by Arrow. Secondly we reverse the analysis and define first a set of desirable properties of the decisive sets. We then prove that under these fairly general conditions a group preference function exists for which all four of Arrow's conditions are simultaneously satisfied.I wish to thank Peter Newman, an anonymous referee and the editor of this Journal for helpful comments.     

政策测量、政策协同与经济绩效——基于创新政策的实证研究(1978-2006)

通过量化后的政策,本文测量了政策之间的协同问题,并利用扩展的柯布—道格拉斯生产函数研究了政策协同与经济绩效之间的关系。文章的主要贡献在于给出了政策量化标准具体的操作手册,并得出一些新的结论:第一,经济增长与政策力度强相关;第二,技术引进与消化吸收的政策目标协同对经济绩效没有贡献,原因在于两者协同在政策层面的缺失;第三,财政税收与行政措施的协同对经济绩效具有显著的削弱作用,而金融外汇与行政措施的协同对经济绩效有显著的促进作用。