基于贸易引力模型的SCFTA实证研究

中国-新加坡自由贸易区协议(SCFTA)的建设,影响中国在亚太经贸合作的长远发展。SCFTA建设的贸易引力模型构建分析框架,考察双边自由贸易区的有效性。适用的双边自由贸易制度安排能够促进中国加快CAFTA体制外经贸合作的可能。建议中国推进具备贸易地理优势国家的经贸合作进程,谋求WTO框架下多层次双边自由贸易机制建设的主动地位。     

区域贸易安排的保护性:引力模型

通过2000-2005年EU、APEC、NAFTA三个区域贸易组织双边贸易流量基于合并数据的引力模型得出结论:三个区域贸易组织的净贸易效果均为贸易转移,但区域保护程度顺次减弱。总体上,发生贸易转移的方向从以发达国家为主的区域贸易组织转移到以新兴市场国家为主或由发达国家与发展中国家共同组成的区域贸易组织。因而,对内积极推行自由贸易,对外具有很强的贸易保护倾向是各国推行区域贸易政策的显著特征。     

东亚地区贸易时间与贸易持续优势研究

在各国关税已经下降到很低的水平及中间产品贸易盛行的情况下,贸易时间对国际贸易的影响愈发明显。本文把贸易时间分为贸易便利时间和物流时间,通过研究发现,贸易时间与贸易量呈现显著的负相关关系,而且物流时间比贸易便利时间的影响更大。此外,贸易时间对时间敏感产品贸易的影响,比时间不敏感产品更加显著。     

基于贸易引力模型的上海合作组织成员国贸易流量影响因素比较研究

就研究对象而言,国内学者使用贸易引力模型对贸易流量进行研究主要集中在两个方面：一是中国和其他国家（地区）的双边贸易流量;二是中国和世界主要经济体或自由贸易区的贸易流量。而针对中国倡导并参加的上海合作组织内各成员国的贸易流量影响因素,并就对贸易流量的影响因素进行分析的研究并不多。文章即利用贸易引力模型进行实证检验,比较上海合作组织内各成员国的主要影响因素变量的回归系数并分析其原因,最后得出相关结论。     

我国对新兴市场的出口潜力研究——基于贸易引力模型

通过构建贸易引力模型来测算我国对其他新兴市场国家和发展中国家的出口潜力,认为我国应当积极拓展对其贸易不足的国家。通过对进口国家的政局和市场因素,以及国内的政策、商品和企业等5个方面分析,分别从政府部门、金融保险机构和企业等部门寻求措施来拓展新兴市场和发展中国家市场。     

缔结“区域贸易安排”能否有效促进发展中经济体的服务出口

本文基于2000～2010年的经验数据,分别运用静、动态面板引力模型对一个典型的"发展中经济体"对外缔结各类"区域贸易安排"的服务贸易影响进行研究。结果显示:发展中经济体对外缔结"区域贸易安排"能对其双边服务出口产生显著的正向影响;单纯缔结"区域货物贸易安排"不会对双边服务出口产生显著的正向影响;对外缔结"区域服务贸易安排"能显著提升双边服务出口流量;"南北型"区域贸易安排(区域服务贸易安排)对双边服务出口的促进作用要明显强于"南南型"。发展中经济体应更注重与发达经济体缔结"南北型"区域贸易安排,在货物和服务贸易自由化顺序上不必拘泥于"货物贸易自由化先行"策略,可采取"货物、服务贸易自由化并行"甚至"服务贸易自由化先行"策略。     

中国货物贸易对于服务贸易的促进作用——基于服务贸易引力模型的实证分析

本文利用中国和22个OECD成员国家和地区之间2002～2006年双边服务贸易和货物贸易的面板数据,构建服务贸易引力模型实证研究了中国货物贸易对于服务贸易的作用。实证结果显示,中国的货物贸易对于服务贸易起到了一定程度的促进作用,并且这一作用主要表现为货物贸易对于服务进口的促进,货物贸易对于服务出口的作用则不显著;同时,货物贸易对于服务贸易的促进作用尚未得到充分有效发挥,相对于贸易伙伴国的经济发展水平而言,这一作用十分有限。本文最后对这一结果产生的原因进行了分析,并提出了促进货物贸易和服务贸易协调发展的相关对策建议。     

基于引力模型的中澳双边贸易互补性及贸易潜力的实证研究

文章在使用贸易结合度指数和引力模型的基础上,运用1994-2013年中国与澳大利亚双边货物贸易数据,分析了中国与澳大利亚之间的贸易现状、贸易互补性和贸易潜力。研究结果表明:中国与澳大利亚之间的贸易规模、贸易互补性和贸易潜力都在不断扩大。但是从贸易平衡的角度来看,中国一直处于逆差国的地位,且逆差额越来越大,尤其表现在初级产品方面。从贸易结合度指数来看,中国对澳大利亚的贸易结合度总体呈上升趋势,表明中国与澳大利亚之间的贸易依存度是逐渐增强的。从贸易潜力分析的结果来看,两国之间的贸易潜力还没完全发挥出来,双边贸易关系还存在很大的提升空间。     

国际贸易流量的影响因素——基于贸易引力模型和中国数据的实证分析

传统国际贸易理论虽然解释了贸易产生的原因，并得出了贸易有利于参与国经济发展和福利提高，但是并未解释决定贸易流量的因素。引力模型的提出为研究贸易流量提供了一个有效的方法，并得到众多学者的研究、检验和补充。本文使用中国及其主要贸易伙伴国的数据分析决定中国国际贸易量的因素。结果发现，引力模型的简约形式能够比较好地揭示影响中国与其主要贸易伙伴国之间的贸易流量的因素。另外，实证结果显示APEC的制度安排对中国的对外贸易有显著的影响，而东盟和中国自由贸易区由于刚刚起步，尚未发挥预期的作用。     

长三角城市空间作用力的主成分回归测算分析

文章以经济增长理论及空间引力模型、聚类分析、主成分回归的相关理论,选取2001-2013年长三角地区主要经济指标为研究对象,测算了长三角不同类型城市间经济空间相互作用的强度,并对相互作用的机理进行了分析。     

The Mistreated Model: Some Technical Comments on Porojan's Paper on 'Trade Flows and Spatial Effects'

The paper by Porojan on 'Trade flows and spatial effects' in a recent issue of this journal is criticized on three methodological grounds: it includes two of the gravity model independent variables as relative rather than absolute numbers; the dummy variables included are not binary but interval; and the 'sample' of countries creates a non-normal distribution of inter-country distances, undoubtedly creating heteroscedasticity problems. Because of these three problems, the model is mis-specified, and the results thereby obtained are unreliable.     

Does Gravity Matter in a Service Economy?

This paper estimates gravity equations for bilateral services trade in a sample of 28 countries. It finds that the standard gravity variables of economic size and geographic proximity are significant factors in services trade. It also reveals positive effects of linguistic ties on services trade. There is evidence of a positive link between regional trade arrangements and services trade. Much of that effect appears to reflect the impact of bilateral goods trade on services trade. This implies that efforts to enhance goods trade—bilateral or multilateral—should lead to more services trade as well. JEL no. F13, F15, L80     

Exploring the Intensive and Extensive Margins of World Trade

World trade evolves at two margins. Where a bilateral trading relationship already exists it may increase through time (intensive margin). But trade may also increase if a trading bilateral relationship is newly established between countries that have not traded with each other in the past (extensive margin). We provide an empirical dissection of post–World War II growth in manufacturing world trade along these two margins. We propose a “corner-solutions version” of the gravity model to explain movements on both margins. A Tobit estimation of this model resolves the so-called “distance puzzle”. It also finds more convincing evidence than recent literature that WTO-membership enhances trade. JEL no. F12, F15     

闽台农产品贸易流量和潜力分析

内容以贸易引力模型为基础,结合实际情况加入解释变量建立模型,定量分析闽台农产品贸易状况。通过对模型的实证检验,得出影响闽台农产品贸易流量的主要因素有GDP总量、人均GDP、FDI,在此基础上预测了两地农产品贸易潜力,得出闽台目前存在\"贸易不足\",双方存在较大贸易潜力的结论,并提出相关建议。     

New Borders and Trade Flows: A Gravity Model Analysis of the Baltic States

The objective of this paper is to provide evidence on the effects of an economic and political union by studying the trade flows of the three Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania after the breakup of the Soviet Union. We specify and estimate a gravity model of exports for the Nordic countries which enables us to determine the size and direction of trade flows in the Baltic states had they not been affected by the political institutions of the Soviet Union. Our results suggest that Baltic foreign trade was not only reduced significantly but also diverted to the members of the former Soviet Union. Consistent with our estimates, we also find that these consequences of the former political union are quickly dissipating, and the Baltic countries are increasing their share of exports to the European Union and the U.S.     

What has determined the rapid post-war growth of intra-EU trade?

Based on the gravity model by Baier and Bergstrand (2001), we use a static and dynamic panel approach to estimate the determinants of the growth of intra-EU trade from 1960 to 2000. The results suggest that income growth was the major force, accounting for approximately two-thirds of total growth. Trade liberalization still had a sizeable effect, while other factors had only a little impact (income convergence, real effective exchange rate changes) or played no role (trade costs). Our estimation results for intra-EU trade, using a variety of extensions, underline the robustness of the Baier-Bergstrand cross-section findings for world trade. JEL no. C23, F12, F14, F15     

Trade Flows and Spatial Effects: The Gravity Model Revisited

This article revisits the popular gravity model of trade in light of the increasingly acknowledged findings of spatial econometrics and interprets the results in view of some recent theoretical developments from the economic literature that contribute to its foundation. When the inherent spatial effects are explicitly taken into account, the magnitude of the estimated parameters changes considerably and, with it, the measures on the predicted trade flows. This result is illustrated for the case of predicted trade flows between the European Union and some of its potential members.