我国政府行政成本省际比较的经济学分析

针对目前行政成本定量研究比较缺乏的状况,本文首次对全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)2001年至2006年的行政成本状况进行比较深入的定量分析,运用行政成本增长率、行政成本占地方财政支出比重、行政成本占地方财政收入比重、行政成本占地区生产总值比重等指标,分析各地行政成本的变化趋势及省际差距.研究发现:全国各地的行政成本都保持了快速增长的势头,绝大部分地方的行政成本增长率都高于同期的财政支出增长率及地区生产总值增长率;六年来各省(自治区、直辖市)行政成本合计占地方财政支出合计的比重维持在9%～10%之间,各省之间的差异并不显著;各省行政成本合计占地方财政收入合计的比重、行政成本合计占地区生产总值合计的比重并不高,但各省之间存在明显的地区差异,东部地区明显优于西部地区.     

中国省际贸易的空间相关性与贸易区的划分——基于“金税工程增值税数据”的分析

根据2003-2005年各省区间月度的含增值税贸易数据，对我国省际贸易的空间分布和集聚现象进行了分析。结果表明，各省区间的贸易联系加强了，国内市场一体化程度有所提高。从贸易伙伴来看，沿海的上海、江苏、北京和广东等地区是贸易大省，全国大多数省份和这几个省份的贸易联系都较大。中西部省区的贸易流量相对较小。省份之间的贸易联系出现集中的趋势，全国形成了四大贸易区：以上海为中心的东部贸易区，以广东为中心的南部贸易区，以北京为中心的北部贸易区，以及以甘肃为中心的西北贸易区。     

中国东盟产业内贸易发展的策略分析

随着世界贸易的频繁化,中国与东盟各国贸易的发展,尤其是双方产业内贸易不断发展,比重不断上升.近几年,中国与东盟国家贸易的重点逐渐从产业间贸易向产业内贸易倾斜.作为最大发展中国家的中国和以发展中国家为主体组成的东盟自由贸易区之间的贸易也正在由传统的产业间贸易走向产业内贸易,并逐渐显示其主导地位.那么中国-东盟产业内贸易发展现状如何、我国与东盟产业内贸易发展的制约因素、如何更好地促进产业内贸易的发展等这些都将是本文所要讨论的内容.     

产品内贸易在东亚的实践及对中国的启示

产品内贸易在东亚的实践使该地区出现了一些新的特征事实:贸易流量呈现非线性增长,零部件贸易增长迅猛,东亚区域内发达国家与发展中国家贸易比较活跃,发展中国家之间(如东盟六国)贸易额占总贸易额的比重基本保持不变。中国在其中发挥了重要作用,处于新"三角贸易"模式的中心地位。产品内贸易是解释这些新特征的钥匙。技术进步与贸易成本下降促进了产品内贸易的发展,它有利于各国充分发挥比较优势、规模经济。中国要进一步发展产品内贸易,并利用"干中学"效应,逐步实现从比较优势到竞争优势的转型。同时可鼓励企业多从欧美等国进口零部件,缓解贸易摩擦。     

省域营商环境质量评估与时空演化特征研究

营商环境可以衡量一个区域的竞争力和经济实力。运用全局熵值法对中国及各省域营商环境质量水平进行综合评价,利用探索性空间分析法(ESDA)对营商环境的时空特征进行探究。研究表明:我国营商环境呈逐年提升趋势,各省营商环境质量水平增速明显,但地区之间差异明显;经济环境与人力资本环境发展速度较快,市场环境稳步提升,科技环境处于较低水平但长期处于提高状态,基础设施发展稳定,但仍有待进一步完善与提高;营商环境省域之间的差距明显,研究期内整体呈东南高西北低,自东南沿海地区向内陆扩散递减;空间分布全局正相关性明显,而局部空间主要为LL集聚与HH集聚,地区间交互影响明显。综上提出政策建议。     

文化贸易的外部性及其补偿机理

一个时期以来,文化贸易在各国对外贸易中的比重呈逐年上升之势。但我国的文化贸易刚刚起步,且长年处于逆差境地。究其原因,与文化产品及文化贸易的特点密不可分。文章从外部性概念入手,分析了文化贸易外部性的表现,并通过建立一个博弈模型,尝试对文化贸易外部性补偿的理论机理进行分析,进而给出发展我国文化贸易的建议。     

我国省际贸易壁垒:高

省际贸易与国际贸易相类似,是在将各省作为"独立"的经济核算体之后,考察各自之间的商品、服务形式的贸易活动,如果把其范围拓宽一些,可理解为区际贸易。省际贸易中也存在着贸易壁垒,同国际贸易相类似的,可分为"关税"与"非关税"措施。省际贸易中的"关税"是指各个省对外省产品征收的各种费用,使省内外的产品在省内市场上具有不同的竞争地位,起到限制外省产品进入本     

拓展金融渠道助推中国服务贸易

随着世界经济回暖,服务贸易的发展成为引领世界经济复苏的重要动力之一.我国服务贸易所占的比重在逐年增加,正逐步成为全球服务贸易的重要国家."十一五"期间,中国服务贸易经历了高速增长,高于世界总体增长速度.尽管我国服务贸易仍处于发展的初级阶段,但贸易结构逐渐优化.     

厂商生产率异质条件下我国省级国际贸易利益的决定因素分析

在对外开放过程中,我国各地区获取国际贸易利益的差异是解释我国区域经济不平衡的重要原因。本文从新新贸易理论出发,在厂商生产率异质条件下构建了我国省级国际贸易利益决定的分析框架,提出决定我国省级国际贸易利益的主要因素包括地区内部贸易比重、市场进入成本、劳动要素供给和厂商固定运营成本。地区内部贸易比重和市场进入成本越低,劳动要素供给越多,该地区获取国际贸易利益就越多;但是厂商固定运营成本对该地区国际贸易利益的影响有双重性,取决于"生产率效应"和"挤出效应"的比较。本文还运用2001²010年的我国省级面板数据发现,无论是总体样本回归还是分东、中、西部的样本回归,地区内部贸易比重、市场进入成本、劳动要素供给均对国际贸易利益存在符合理论预期的显著影响;同时厂商固定运营成本对我国省级层面上国际贸易利益存在正向影响,这表明生产率效应超过挤出效应。     

中国现代农业建设实证分析

文章应用多元统计分析方法对我国各省（市、区）现代农业建设水平进行评价和分析。依评估结果可以看出：上海、北京,其现代农业发展处于高级水平;天津、浙江、广东、江苏等四个省份,其现代农业发展处于中级水平;山东、黑龙江、辽宁、福建、吉林、四川等省其现代农业发展处于初级水平;河北、安徽、湖南、湖北、江西、河南、重庆、广西、陕西、山西、内蒙古、云南、海南、贵州、新疆、甘肃、青海、宁夏、西藏等现代农业发展处于起步水平。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上,尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能,资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标,以求真实反映银行经营的成果,有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系,从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.