气井井控技术浅述

井控工作是井下作业过程中的重要内容,气井的井控工作更是以其特殊性复杂性易发性成为井下作业井控工作的重中之重。本文是我几年来在试气队学习工作所得,对气井井控技术做了简单的阐述,对气侵、溢流的发生发展过程以及发生溢流、井涌等险情后的压井方法做了一些简单的分析和总结。     

溢流井后期裸眼固井工艺技术——以JH107井为例

JH107井钻揭潜四下段盐间非砂岩产层时,油气显示活跃,井口溢流严重。文章采用产层顶部注水泥的后期裸眼完井方式,在油气上窜不压稳的情况下,固井取得成功,裸露的产层得到有效地保护,水泥封固段固井质量优良。     

榆树林油田水井钻关的几点认识

文章针对榆树林油田加密区水井钻关状况进行分类分析,得出了不同钻关时间内钻关区产量递减趋势:钻关时间3个月以内,区块开发状况基本保持稳定;钻关三个月后,产量有所下降,且随着钻关时间的增加,递减幅度增大。同时根据钻关区特点提出几点建议,为今后控制钻关区产量递减提供指导。     

水力切割套管技术探讨与应用

随着海上油气田开采寿命的尽头,油气井进入非生产状态,需要对这些非生产井立即实施封井,以永久消除其对环境潜在的威胁。切割回收套管是弃井作业中最后一道工序,同时也是最关键的一环。面对海上作业费用高、工期紧、风险大等问题,机械水力割刀切割套管技术以其经济、快速、安全、稳定的优点而被普遍采用;同时可以根据套管的尺寸和固井情况,选择合适的水力割刀和刀片尺寸,达到一趟切割单层、双层甚至多层套管的目的,可以优化作业程序,大大缩短工期,到达降本增效的目的。     

“4.19”青海油田英9-4-A5井井喷失控回顾及借鉴作用

井喷失控是钻井工程中性质严重、损失巨大的灾难性事故,因此对井控工作要有清醒、正确的认识,提高员工井控意识,加强员工井控应急演练、溢流判断、溢流及时处理培训,做好井控装置的试压、检查、日常维护,落实好井控细则要求,才能做到遇到险情临危不乱、正确处理,防止井喷失控的发生。     

煤层气注入/压降测试方法分析及应用

煤层气开发过程中,试井测试作为求取地层参数及对煤层进行定量和定性的评价的手段,是不可或缺的重要环节。本文就注入/压降测试方法的工艺研究、试井解释方法的分析以及与常规油气井测试方法的对比分析,探讨注入/压降测试方法在煤层气勘探开发中的应用。     

重复压裂技术研究

压裂技术是低渗透油气藏的主要技术措施,经过压裂的油气井,在生产过程中由于种种原因可能导致水力裂缝失效,采取重复压裂的措施,本文较系统地论述了重复压裂的机理,裂缝延伸方式,分析了原有裂缝失效的可能原因,同时阐述了重复压裂的选井选层的原则与方法.     

早期溢流监测技术研究现状与发展趋势

钻井过程中溢流的及时发现,将为排除溢流、重建压力平衡赢得宝贵时间,大大降低二次井控的难度。目前国内外监测溢流的方法很多,主要包括井口导管液面监测技术、钻井液流量计监测技术、改进流量监测技术、随钻环空压力测量监测技术、立压套压监测技术以及声波监测技术。本文在对比分析上述各种溢流监测方法的优势与不足的基础上,结合不同钻井方式溢流的特点,推荐了相应的早期溢流监测方法;并针对目前国内早期溢流监测技术的不足,提出改进意见。对早期溢流监测方法的选择和早期溢流监测方法的进一步研究具有一定的指导意义和参考价值。     

中小民营企业做大做强须过“五关”

当年关羽能“过五关斩六将”是因为他具有超群的武艺,企业尤其是中小民营企业要想成大器必须要有过人的本领,过什么样的“关”就练硬什么样的功夫。     

新民地区调整井固井技术研究

确保油田开发后期调整井固井质量问题,是目前国内固井工程中普遍存在的重大技术难题,而且随着强化采油措施的不段增加,调整井的固井难度在逐渐增加。因此,该项研究是一项复杂艰巨的任务。多年来,调整井固井技术难题一直作为吉林油田的重点攻关方向。由于调整井分布的区域,油层埋藏深度、地质情况的各不相同所以工作重点和技术措施也各有所侧重。本文就是针对吉林油田的新民地区调整井的固井技术难题进行分析并通过大量的技术研究工作使该问题得到了较好的解决,为调整井的大规模开发提供了一条可行的模式。     

大型水轮发电机组控制流程的优化与创新

文章从停机令、清除所有控制流程、开杌前预检查、事故停机和机组锁机5个方面简要分析优化大型水轮发电机组的控制流程。设计人员应研究探讨机组的控制流程,设计出更多符合电厂实际生产需要的控制流程,以适应时代发展的需要。     

An Appraisal and Bibliography of Tests for Multivariate Normality

This paper is a review of many of the dozens of procedures currently available for testing a data set for goodness-of-fit to the multivariate normal distribution. A majority of the procedures can be placed into one of four basic categories. Most procedures are multivariate extensions or adaptations of procedures used for testing univariate normality. Results of several power studies are summarized, and an extensive bibliography of literature pertaining to testing for multivariate normality is provided.     

Large sample estimation and testing procedures for dynamic equation systems

In 1980, Palm and Zellner presented a number of joint or system estimation and testing procedures for the final equations, transfer functions and structural equations of a multivariate dynamic model with normally distributed vector moving average errors. In this paper, we show that there is a flaw in their argument which renders most of the procedures invalid. Possible alternative procedures are described.     

On reconciling purchases and sales estimates of a regional input-output table

This paper develops two alternative methods for reconciling purchases and sales estimates of a regional input-output table. The present procedures are extentions of the well known Jensen-McGaurr (J-M) procedures. It is claimed that the proposed techniques would reduce to a great extent the subjective elements in the J-M procedure and thus lower the time costs to the researcher. The present methods have been applied to the data for the Central Queensland Economy and comparisons made between the results coming out of the present procedures and the J-M procedure. In particular, it has been found that the present procedures, though less subjective in nature, produce estimates that are as reliable as the J-M estimates.     

Evaluating density forecasts: forecast combinations,model mixtures,calibration and sharpness

This paper reviews current density forecast evaluation procedures, and considers a proposal that such procedures be augmented by an assessment of ‘sharpness’. This was motivated by an example in which some standard evaluation procedures using probability integral transforms cannot distinguish the ideal forecast from several competing forecasts. We show that this example has some unrealistic features from a time series forecasting perspective, and so provides insecure foundations for the argument that existing calibration procedures are inadequate in practice. Our alternative, more realistic example shows how relevant statistical methods, including information‐based methods, provide the required discrimination between competing forecasts. We introduce a new test of density forecast efficiency. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅谈公路工程质量监理程序和方法

建立全面的质量控制体系,是确保工程质量创优的关键。本文通过对工程质量监理程序和方法的探讨,从建立质量保证组织体系、划分质量单元、执行质量监理程序、加强质量检测、处理质量缺陷等方面进行了分析。     

国际贸易程序简化与标准化综述

文章根据作者长期从事国际贸易标准化研究的经验，系统介绍了什么是国际贸易程序简化与标准化，它们对于国际贸易的影响以及谁来推动该项工作等。最后，对现有的问题进行了总结，并就如何进行国际贸易程序简化与标准化培训提出了建议。     

Material requirements planning (MRP) and purchase discounts

This paper reports the results of a simulation experiment that compares alternative procedures for determining purchase quantities in MRP systems when quantity discounts are available. The procedures are least unit cost (LUC), McLaren's order moment (MOM) and a “traditional” procedure that ignores the time-phased information available from an MRP system. One of the factors in the experiment was requirement uncertainty, a factor heretofore not incorporated in MRP lot-sizing research. The results of the experiment confirm MOM (and to a lesser extent LUC) as an effective lot-sizing procedure. In addition, the work shows that the differences between the procedures tend to vanish as the amount of uncertainty in the requirements increases.     

Simultaneous estimation after selection and ranking and other procedures: The negative exponential case

We considerk (≥2) independent negative exponential populations with unknown location parameters and unknown but equal scale parameter. We incorporate the existing purely sequential and three-stage sampling procedures for selecting the “best” population and study the asymptotic second-order characteristics of the proposed fixed-size simultaneous confidence regions for the location parameters constructed after selection and ranking. Some direct estimation procedures have also been discussed.