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1.
This paper comprises a survey of a half century of research on international monetary aggregate data. We argue that since
monetary assets began yielding interest, the simple sum monetary aggregates have had no foundations in economic theory and
have sequentially produced one source of misunderstanding after another. The bad data produced by simple sum aggregation have
contaminated research in monetary economics, have resulted in needless “paradoxes,” and have produced decades of misunderstandings
in international monetary economics research and policy. While better data, based correctly on index number theory and aggregation
theory, now exist, the official central bank data most commonly used have not improved in most parts of the world. While aggregation
theoretic monetary aggregates exist for internal use at the European Central Bank, the Bank of Japan, and many other central
banks throughout the world, the only central banks that currently make aggregation theoretic monetary aggregates available
to the public are the Bank of England and the St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank. No other area of economics has been so seriously
damaged by data unrelated to valid index number and aggregation theory. In this paper we chronologically review the past research
in this area and connect the data errors with the resulting policy and inference errors. Future research on monetary aggregation
and policy can most advantageously focus on extensions to exchange rate risk and its implications for multilateral aggregation
over monetary asset portfolios containing assets denominated in more than one currency. The relevant theory for multilateral
aggregation with exchange rate risk has been derived by Barnett (J Econom 136(2):457–482, 2007) and Barnett and Wu (Ann Finance 1:35–50, 2005).
相似文献
William A. BarnettEmail: |
2.
In this paper we extend Nordhaus’ (Brookings Pap Econ Act (2):139–199, 1994) results to an environment which may represent the current European situation, characterised by a single monetary authority
and several fiscal bodies. We show that, even assuming that the monetary and the fiscal authorities share the same ideal targets,
in the presence of asymmetric shocks the “symbiosis” result found by Dixit and Lambertini (J Int Econ 60:235–247, 2003) no longer obtains. Thus, fiscal rules as those envisaged in the Maastricht Treaty and in the Stability and Growth Pact may
work as monetary/fiscal coordination devices that improve welfare. The imposition of common targets, however, may work as
a substitute for policy coordination only if these are made state contingent, an aspect that the recent version of the Stability
and Growth Pact takes into account in a more appropriate way than its original version.
相似文献
Valeria De BonisEmail: |
3.
Silvio H. T. Tai 《Review of World Economics》2009,145(2):225-249
Many recent studies have looked at the impact of international migration on trade and found a significant effect. They posit
that migration fosters trade by lowering costs or by means of a preference bias. However, to my knowledge, market structure
has not as yet been considered. Using data from Switzerland, this paper empirically assesses the extent to which migration
affects trade, taking goods differentiation into account. A monopolistic model with a multisector economy (Chaney in Am Econ
Rev 98(41):1707–1721, 2008) is then empirically estimated. The findings show that market structure explains the different channels through which migration
affects trade.
相似文献
Silvio H. T. TaiEmail: |
4.
In their seminal paper, Morris and Shin (Amer Econ Rev 92(5): 1521–1534, 2002a) argued that increasing the precision of public information is not always beneficial to social welfare. Svensson (Amer Econ
Rev 96: 448–451, 2006) however has disputed this by saying that although feasible, the conditions for which this was true, were not all that likely.
In that respect, therefore, increasing ‘transparency’ remains most of the times beneficial to social welfare. In this paper,
we extend the Morris and Shin attempt by setting it up as an explicit interactive game between the Central Bank, the objectives
of which we model explicitly, and the private sector. We show that in the absence of costs, both players benefit from transparency
in the manner described previously in the literature, and point the differences in their gains. Following that, we then introduce
the fact that increasing transparency comes at some costs and show how both players face incentives to free ride on each other
as a result. The presence of costs thus alters the way in which greater transparency is attained.
相似文献
Marco HoeberichtsEmail: |
5.
James Peoples 《The Review of Black Political Economy》2009,36(1):1-6
Efforts by public and private institutions to increase the number of minorities participating in graduate economics programs
has contributed to a growing supply of Ph. D. trained minority economists. However, minorities are still under-represented
as faculty members in economics departments. This presidential address explores whether the concentration of minorities in
a few fields of specialization creates a demand-supply mismatch for these individuals.
相似文献
James PeoplesEmail: |
6.
David Branham Sr. 《The Review of Black Political Economy》2008,35(4):129-146
Noting that only five African American coaches had been hired to lead National Football League (NFL) teams from 1989–2002,
Madden (J of Sports Econ, 5(1):6–19 2004) found that teams coached by African Americans in the NFL outperformed their counterparts in the regular season but were
significantly below average in the playoffs. This analysis, with data that includes nine African American coaches and extends
through 2007, reconfirms Madden’s finding that African American head coaches outperform their rivals in the regular season,
but also finds that African American coaches no longer suffer from poor playoff performance. Using fixed effects pooled cross
section time series models, this analysis confirms that teams with African American head coaches can expect more wins in the
regular season than their peers, other things equal. However, there is some evidence that as the pool of African American
coaching talent diminishes from additional hires their extraordinary performance may be slightly regressing. The playoff analysis
shows that that when controlling for seeding, organizational strength and regular season wins, African American coaches perform
at the same level as their counterparts.
相似文献
David Branham Sr.Email: |
7.
In this paper we apply a static version of a New Keynesian macromodel to a monetary union (see Bofinger et al., J Econ Educ,
37:98–117 (2006), Walsh, J Econ Educ, 33:333–346 (2002)). We show in particular that a harmonious functioning of a monetary
union critically depends on the correlation of shocks that hit the currency area. Additionally a high degree of integration
in product markets is advantageous for the ECB as it prevents national interest rates from driving a wedge between macroeconomic
outcomes across member states. In particular small countries are in need for fiscal policy as an independent stabilization
agent with room to breath.
相似文献
Eric Mayer (Corresponding author)Email: |
8.
We analyze the role of fiscal-monetary policy interactions and fiscal coordination in EMU under the assumption of strategic
wage setting in unionized labour markets. We find that production subsidies and real wage distortions are strategic complements.
The literature on macroeconomic stabilisation policies and policy games usually neglects this point and reaches overoptimistic
conclusions about the desirable effects of accommodating fiscal policies. Central bank preferences also affect the desirability
of fiscal coordination in a monetary union. In fact, contrary to Beetsma and Bovenberg (1998), we find that fiscal coordination improves outcomes in the case of a conservative central banker, whereas it leads to worse
outcomes with a populist one.
相似文献
Patrizio TirelliEmail: |
9.
In this paper we test the well-known hypothesis of Obstfeld and Rogoff (NBER Macroeconomics Annual 7777:339–390, 2000) that trade costs are the key to explaining the so-called Feldstein–Horioka puzzle. Our approach has a number of novel features.
First, we focus on the interrelationship between trade costs, the trade account and the Feldstein–Horioka puzzle. Second,
we use the gravity model to estimate the effect of trade costs on bilateral trade and, third, we show how bilateral trade
can be used to draw inferences about desired trade balances and desired intertemporal trade. Our econometric results provide
strong support for the Obstfeld and Rogoff hypothesis and we are also able to reconcile our results with the so-called home
bias puzzle.
相似文献
Jacques Melitz (Corresponding author)Email: |
10.
Non-traded Goods,Technical Progress and Wages 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We use a general equilibrium model of trade to show that technical improvement may indeed cause a fall in the wages of unskilled
workers. Under some modest conditions, the wages of skilled workers may go down too.
相似文献
Reza OladiEmail: |
11.
Leonor Coutinho 《Open Economies Review》2008,19(1):81-120
In this paper we extend the open-economy stochastic framework of Obstfeld and Rogoff (Q J Econ. 117:503–36, 2002) to include distortionary taxation, when prices are flexible but wages are sticky. We use the model to analyze the optimal
design of tax rules that respond to productivity shocks, under non-cooperation and cooperation between the fiscal authorities,
and evaluate the gains from coordination. We show that, although monetary policy would be preferred to fiscal policy as a
stabilization tool both under competition (Nash) and under cooperation, there is a role for procyclical fiscal stabilization
in a monetary union where the monetary authority cannot respond to asymmetric shocks. Moreover, we show that in the Nash game
there will be an incentive for the fiscal authorities to try to manipulate the terms-of-trade in their favor, and we estimate
the potential gains from fiscal policy coordination. The size of the gains depends crucially on the value of the Frisch elasticity
of labor supply. For lower values of the Frisch elasticity (more in line with microeconometric estimates) the gains are relatively
small, but for more elastic labor supplies (more in agreement with the business cycle literature) the gains can be very large.
相似文献
Leonor CoutinhoEmail: |
12.
Zoran Balac 《Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics》2008,11(1):1-17
Austrian monetary inflation theory claims that changes in the money supply are disproportionately distributed throughout an
economy, and as a result wealth is coercively redistributed. This study proposes and tests a model illustrating this connection
by examining monetary inflation’s effect on wealth inequality. After testing the model’s validity, this study compares monetary
inflation’s effect on several measures of wealth inequality, concluding that not only is monetary inflation a significant
variable, but its effect on wealth inequality is more pronounced at the extremities of the distribution.
相似文献
Zoran BalacEmail: |
13.
Building on the celebrated Keynes–Ohlin debate and on Lane and Milesi-Ferretti (Rev Econ Stat 86:841–857, 2004), the paper
investigates the transfer problem for the Euro area vis-à-vis the rest of the world. The analysis is developed in a theoretically
and statistically consistent way and is intended as a contribution to the empirical literature on EMU. The main result of
the paper is that the accumulation of net foreign asset in the Euro area is consistent with real exchange appreciation, largely
through the relative price of nontradables rather than through the terms of trade.
相似文献
Paolo Paesani (Corresponding author)Email: |
14.
Mathias Hoffmann 《Open Economies Review》2008,19(2):183-201
The bulk of evidence on the lack of international risk sharing is based on regressions of idiosyncratic consumption growth
on idiosyncratic output growth. This paper argues that the results from such regressions obtained from international data
are, however, not directly comparable to those based on regional data: the standard practice of running such regressions on
international data fails to account for persistent international differentials in consumer prices, whereas—implicitly—most
of the literature based on regional data has accounted for these differences. When risk sharing regressions are set up in
conceptually the same way in international and regional data sets, the estimated coefficients are also very similar. To explore
this result further, we adapt the variance decomposition of Asdrubali et al. (Q J Econ 111:1081–1110, 1996) to allow for deviations from purchasing power parity across countries. While quantity (income and credit) flows are the
dominant channel of risk sharing among regions, relative consumption and output price (internal terms of trade) fluctuations
account for the bulk of the deviation from the complete markets outcome in international data. To the extent that persistent
differences in consumer prices are an indication of goods market segmentation, our findings provide empirical evidence for
the proposition by Obstfeld and Rogoff (NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2000, 2000) that segmented international goods markets rather than asset market incompleteness may account for the (apparent) lack of
risk sharing between countries.
相似文献
Mathias HoffmannEmail: URL: www.iew.uzh.ch/itf |
15.
Gregory N. Price 《The Review of Black Political Economy》2008,35(1):1-12
Economists who publish research in the economics and political economy of race seem averse to citing similar research by black
economists. As citations are an important determinant of success as a research economist, black economists can possibly offset
the aversion of non-black economists in citing black economists, by citing black economists themselves. This NEA Presidential
address considers the relevance of black economist citations, and evaluates the extent to which black economists cite other
black economists.
相似文献
Gregory N. PriceEmail: |
16.
Paul F. Cwik 《Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics》2008,11(1):60-68
The Austrian business cycle theory (ABCT) has been criticized for not being a true theory of the business cycle. The main
emphasis of the ABCT has been on the theory of the upper-turning point—the artificial expansion of credit, the manipulation
of interest rates, the malinvestments committed by entrepreneurs and then the credit crunch and/or real resource crunch. The
paper provides an illustration (from a corporate finance point of view) of how a company, by following market signals, will
launch a project that is a malinvestment. The paper then demonstrates how a company can take a failing component from another
business and turn it into a viable operation via the liquidation process. This paper then demonstrates how the Austrian theory
can make superior recommendations for policies (through the usage of the liquidation process) to help stimulate economic recovery.
相似文献
Paul F. CwikEmail: |
17.
Impact of the ability and the degree of openness of a manager on decision making is studied. Whether a more able manager increases
or decreases the effort of a subordinate depends on the relative quality of information. Greater openness is a two-edged sword:
it increases the likelihood that more information will be employed, but it reduces the manager’s incentive to expend effort
on obtaining better information. A more open manager is more desirable when the position is relatively more important or the
prior information is not very accurate.
相似文献
Haiwen ZhouEmail: |
18.
Stephen Shmanske 《Atlantic Economic Journal》2007,35(4):463-471
The structure of the payments in professional golf tournaments is heavily weighted to reward the top performers more handily.
On the PGA TOUR, for example, the winner typically receives 18% of the purse, second place receives 10.8%, and so on down
to 0.2% for 70th place. This payment structure brings up the possibility that the PGA TOUR is disproportionately rewarding
one-time, exceptional performances rather than consistent steady play. To examine the extent of this effect, this paper correlates
the 2002 earnings of the top 100 PGA TOUR professional golfers with their average performances, the variance around the averages,
and the skewness of the individual distributions of their scores. Mean performance, variance, and skewness are all significantly
related to earnings per tournament in the theoretically predicted directions. The research makes connections to and has implications
for several topics in the sports economics literature including competitive balance and the hot-hand phenomenon. Additionally,
it uncovers a heretofore unappreciated consequence concerning the relationships among the distributions of effort, performance,
and remuneration in the tournaments compensation model.
相似文献
Stephen ShmanskeEmail: |
19.
Joshua Hall 《Atlantic Economic Journal》2007,35(3):289-301
This paper examines the relationship between local financing of education and school district efficiency. In a system of local
school finance, the capitalization of school quality in housing prices provides homeowners with verifiable information regarding
the impact of school officials’ actions and strong incentives to act upon that information. I find evidence that school districts
with a higher percentage of revenues from local sources perform better on state math tests. In addition, the amount of residential
property within a school district is positively related to math test passage rates.
相似文献
Joshua HallEmail: |
20.
The paper investigates the choice of government to offer a grant to a potential entrant aimed at reducing its fixed cost of
entry when a monopoly firm provides the needed pharmaceutical drug given the prevalence path of the disease in a dynamic economic
framework. The results of present study suggest that government can use a grant to credibly threaten the entry of a new firm
into the industry and to promote limit-output pricing by the incumbent firm. The paper therefore suggests that the government
policy set includes subsidizing the potential entry of a new firm into an industry manufacturing pharmaceutical drugs for
the treatment of a communicable disease. Clearly, foreign aid could also be used as a source of this credible threat. The
study also extends the paper by Mechoulan (2007) through the introduction of the government’s choice into the model.
相似文献
Gervan Fearon (Corresponding author)Email: |