我国企业对外直接投资的战略选择

市场全球化使得企业必须重视国内和国外市场上的竞争,特别是直接投资打入发达国家技术发明中心,跟踪国际新技术发展动态,利用比较优势向发展中国家提供适用性技术,将我国的经济发展置于更广阔的空间,是我国企业在开放经济条件下和剧烈的国际竞争中经营发展的必要选择.对外直接投资、从事跨国经营活动是一个国家加入WTO后经济发展的必然趋势和选择,是适应经济全球化发展的必然要求.本文简略地分析了我国对外直接投资发展的现状,着重探讨了我国企业对外直接投资的战略选择问题.     

我国企业对外直接投资的战略选择

国际经济形势和对外开放的经济本质都要求我国企业顺应潮流、抓住机遇、适时适量的发展外对直接投资。根据我国企业对外投资的现状及遵循的原则，结合区域、行业、方式、企业自身完善四个方面阐述了我国企业对外直接投资的具体战略。     

中国企业对外直接投资的现状分析

在经济全球化、知识经济、网络经济,以及中国已成为WTO成员国的大环境下,如何加快实施走出去步伐,缓解国内资源短缺矛盾、推动产业结构调整、扩大出口、增强国际竞争力是我国企业面临的新课题。本文在总结我国企业对外直接投资的发展现状和优势的基础上,概括分析我国对外直接的模式,在投资规模加快增长的同时,有力地促进了国民经济的发展。     

浅谈发展中国家的对外直接投资

随着世界经济一体化的加剧 ,竞争已不在限于国内市场。一个企业 ,无论是否愿到国外寻求发展 ,也不论其规模大小 ,在战略上都必须考虑国际环境这个因素。ＷＴＯ虽然大大降低了国际贸易中的关税壁垒 ,但由于本国利益及区域性集团的利益 ,各种非关税壁垒如技术标准、环保标准、苛刻的卫生标准等又潜在地阻碍了商品的流动。这时 ,为绕过关税壁垒与配额等的限制 ,对外直接投资便成了许多企业必然的选择。然而 ,纵观对外投资史 ,对外直接投资始于发达国家 ,也主要在发达国家之间或由发达国家流向发展中国家。象中国这样的发展中国家是否有必要进行…     

我国企业对外直接投资进入方式的选择——基于对外直接投资动因的分析

面对经济全球化不断深入发展的今是,为了更好地贯彻“走出去”战略,我国企业有必要在对外直接投资的方式选择上进行深入研究。文章从我国企业对外直接投资的动因入手,对我国企业对外直接投资进入方式的选择进行了分析。     

企业对外直接投资风险控制研究

本从降低企业跨国经营风险的角度出发，将国际直接投资理论与企业对外直接投资的现实情况相结合。分析了企业在境外投资过程中遇到的几种影响最大、涉及面最广的风险，并针对我国企业给出了相应的策略建议。     

“十二五”时期我国对外直接投资战略研究

基于"十二五"规划背景及国际贸易和利用外资的局限,我国对外开放战略应实现从出口贸易大国、利用外资大国向资本输出大国、对外投资大国转变。本文通过对我国对外直接投资现状及投资主体、动因、产业、方式与区位上的分析,指出我国国有企业为优势获取型对外直接投资、民营企业为优势利用型对外直接投资,并尝试性地提出基于国家利益的我国主权财富基金对外直接投资战略,以及政府职能转变和立法体系完善等建议。     

我国企业对外直接投资的区位选择

我国大陆海外投资始于1979年底,但发展速度却很快,据商务部统计,截止2003年底,我国对外直接投资企业累计7470家,投资金额114亿美元,目的地多达167个国家和地区(据联合国贸发会议统计,中国累计对外投资金额近350亿美元,约相当于韩国的对外投资规模)。     

我国对外直接投资的发展前景与战略选择

一、基本现状改革开放20多年来,我国利用外资成效显著,目前已超过美国成为世界上吸引外资最多的国家。另据商务部统计,截至2004年,我国对外直接投资企业共分布在全球149个国家和地区,占全球国家(地区)的71%,累计对外直接投资净额为448亿美元,但我国对外直接投资分别相当于全球对外直接投资流量、存量的0.9%和0.55%(以2003年为基期测算),与发达国家相比,我国对外直接投资的总体规模明显偏小,处于小规模的状态和试探性的阶段。二、发展前景英国经济学家邓宁认为,一国的净对外直接投资额(即对外直接投资与吸收外国直接投资的差额)是该国经济发…     

汇率波动对外国直接投资的影响——基于跨国公司的视角

汇率和外国直接投资一直是国际经济学中非常重要的两个论题,两者之间也存在着复杂的关系。本文利用简化的“两国两公司”模型论证了东道国汇率波动对跨国公司对外直接投资战略具有实质性影响。通过引入经济学家阿利伯的通货区域理论和“多国投资”模型进一步研究了汇率波动对外国直接投资的传导效应。     

Home country employment and foreign direct investment: evidence from the Italian case

The present paper provides further insights on the relationshipbetween home country employment and foreign direct investment(FDI) undertaken by national firms. The unit of analysis iseach ensemble of firms operating in the same industrial sectorand localised in the same geographical region. That allows usto capture both direct and indirect effects of foreign productionon the parent's environment, which arise through the generationof linkages and externalities. Empirical evidence has been providedwith reference to the Italian case in the decade 1985–95.Results suggest that the impact of outward FDI on the labourintensity of domestic production is negative in the case ofvertical investment undertaken—especially by smaller firms—inless developed countries, and positive for horizontal and market-seekinginvestments in advanced countries.     

Home country effects of foreign direct investment: From a small economy to a large economy

Previous studies on home country effects mainly focused on FDI from large developed economies to other countries. But today's super recipient is a relatively larger economy than its investors and many of these investors are not classified as “developed economies.” A simple Ak type model implies that a small and more developed country investing in a large and less developed country will experience decreases in both employment and income disparity (compared to the recipient country) as the less-developed recipient country gains the higher technology of production through FDI inflows. The empirical results for the Four Tigers (source countries) and China (recipient country) are consistent with our theoretical model of FDI outflows. We also find that FDI outflows to China decrease the ratio of exports to GDP only for small source countries, even though a higher investment in China raises the share of these countries' exports-to-China to China's total imports.     

浅析国际直接投资自由化进程中的中国外资政策

随着全球经济一体化的演进，国际直接投资日趋自由化流动。国际直接投资自由化的兴起在全球经济的增长和国际分工深化的进程中发挥了越来越重要的作用。我国是利用国际直接投资的大国，目前正处于向市场经济转轨的关键时期，经济体制和市场结构还不完善，如何在确保国家经济安全的前提下，推进国际直接投资自由化进程，积极合理地扩大引资规模，应成为人们关注的焦点问题。因此，本文试图探寻国际直接投资自由化的经济机理，总结出国际投资自由化的有效制度安排对现行制度进行调整，以期更好地把握和指导我国改革开放实践及进一步融入国际直接投资自由化进程。     

Privatization, strategic foreign direct investment and host-country welfare

Recent evidence shows that developing countries and transition economies are increasingly privatizing their public firms and at the same time experiencing rapid growth of inward foreign direct investment (FDI). We show that there is a two-way causality between privatization and greenfield FDI. Privatization increases the incentive for FDI, which, in turn, increases the incentive for privatization compared to the situation of no FDI. The optimal degree of privatization depends on the cost difference of the firms, and on the foreign firm's mode of entry.     

Host country characteristics and agglomeration in foreign direct investment

By combining unique data on Swedish multinationals with industry data for 18 countries, the influence of host country characteristics on the location of foreign production is analysed. Particular attention is directed towards agglomeration tendencies in firms' location. The sample selection incorporates countries where firms have no affiliate production, which is an extension of previous research in this area. The results suggest that agglomeration effects are present, predominantly in technologically advanced industries. It is also shown that market size, the supply of skilled labour and earlier exports pattern, affect the location of overseas production.     

外商直接投资对我国区域经济失衡的影响

随着我国改革开放带来的经济高速发展,吸引了愈来愈多的外商对华直接投资,但在投资的地区分布上呈现出明显的不均衡状况,很大程度上导致了我国区域经济失衡。针对外商直接投资在华分布不均问题展开讨论,详细分析了由于外商直接投资造成的我国区域经济失衡的原因、现状,并提出了相应的改善措施与途径。     

Evidence on corruption as an incentive for foreign direct investment

This paper assesses the relationship between corruption and inward foreign direct investment (FDI). Previous research has presumed that corruption directly enters the cost function of multinationals, suggesting a negative relationship between corruption and FDI. For a sample of 73 developed and less developed countries and the time period 1995–1999, we find a clear positive relationship between corruption and FDI. Corruption is thus a stimulus for FDI.     

The determinants of foreign direct investment into European transition economies

Using a panel dataset of bilateral flows of foreign direct investment (FDI), we study the determinants of FDI from Western countries, mainly in the European Union (EU), to Central and Eastern European ones. We find the most important influences to be unit labor costs, gravity factors, market size, and proximity. Interestingly, host country risk proves not to be a significant determinant. Our empirical work also indicates that announcements about EU Accession proposals have an impact on FDI for the future member countries. Journal of Comparative Economics 32 (4) (2004) 775–787.