国际技术合作与转让中企业知识产权保护

国际技术合作与转让是发展中国家在短时间内提高科技能力、增强竞争实力、扩大对外开放的必由之路。由于高新技术科技含量高,竞争性强,其中的知识产权问题在技术合作与转让过程中越来越受到各国的重视。我国企业对此并未引起关注,在国际技术合作与转让中知识产权保护方面存在诸多问题。本文针对当前国际技术合作与转让具有的内部性、交叉性和整体性等新特点,提出企业在国际技术合作与转让中必须加强专利保护意识,制定知识产权保护策略。     

高技术产业发展的国际经验比较及其启示

知识经济时代，高技术产业发展风起云涌，发达国家和一些发展中国家都制定了一系列发展战略计划以及优惠政策和措施，大力推动高技术产业的发展，以占邻21世纪高技术的战略制高点，中国作为一个发展中大国，要想提高自己的综合国力和国际竞争力，必须在高技术领域占有一席之地。因此，借鉴国际经验，确定我国高技术产业发展重点，加大研发投入，提高自主创新能力，营造良好的高技术产业发展环境，扶持中小高技术产业的发展，培养和造就一大批高素质人才，以加快我国高技术产业的发展，带动经济的快速增长。     

金融应重点支持高技术产业

高技术产业是当代国际经济贸易活动中起先导和核心作用的产业,其生命力表现为通过日益强化的高技术手段,生产具有巨大商业价值和市场潜力的新兴产品。我国在发展高技术产业方面已远远落后于技术经济发达国家和一部分发展中国家。 随着世界性技术革命的兴起,科技成果转化为商品的周期越来越短,高技术已经成     

发展中国家规避技术垄断联盟的选择及对策

随着全球一体化进程的深入，由于发达国家和发展中国家之间研发能力和技术水平的不均衡，呈现出技术流动由北到南的状况，国际贸易和国际投资中的知识产权问题受到更多的关注。特别是在与贸易有关的知识产权保护(Trade—related aspects of intellectual property rights，TRIPs)协议约束下，许多发展中国家在加强知识产权保护吸引外资和引进技术的同时，也面临着发达国家和跨国公司的技术垄断，从而限制了国际技术扩散的速度和规模。     

对技术资本化的看法

合资经营企业中的某方,以其工业产权、专有技术等技术的许可或转让折合成一定的金额,作为对合资经营企业的出资,就是技术的资本化.技术资本化是个复杂的问题.有些发展中国家为了引进发达国家的先进技术,加速本国的技术改造,在法津上允许技术资本化.但常常因此付出高昂的代价.发达国家一些跨国公司,往往凭借其先进技术,作价投资于发展中国家的合营企业,从而利用发展中国家企业在国际技术市场上缺乏一定的     

对加强高新技术成果知识产权保护的思考

与一般技术相比,高新技术具有国际新颖性、高风险性、垄断性、知识密集性和一般不可国际转让性等特点,以一国的财力、人力已不可能涵盖该领域的全部,因此各国采取“有所为、有所不为”的高新技术发展政策,重点发展某几个领域或某几项技术,并保证其处于国际领先地位,尤其是在资金、人才、技术资源不足的发展中国家更是如此。     

中国“高技术不高”悖论的成因与政策建议

高技术部件与其最终产品在生产环节中的分离,是导致我国高技术不高的主要原因。由于高技术产品具有核心功能集成化与整体功能模块化的特点,新国际分工使具有高技术的核心部件与最终产品的生产在国家层次上发生分离:发达国家从事高创新率、高附加值和高进入壁垒的核心部件生产,发展中国家从事惯例化的、低附加值和几乎没有进入壁垒的劳动密集型生产环节。而OECD国家高技术产业分类标准,仅将R&D投入作为一国高技术发展状况的判定标准,没有考虑到产品价值链在国家间的分解,这使发展中国家产生了高技术产业发展的"统计幻觉"。对高技术的政策支持已不能再是笼统的高技术产业、企业,甚至高技术产品,而应当锁定为具体生产环节。     

战略定位是未来中国科技发展的关键

中国是当今世界上最其活力的发展中国家，具有经济发展速度快、研究开发规模大、整体水平较低等特点。在高技术研究开发方面，虽然获得了一些国际领先水平的研究开发成果，但系统化、工程化与产业化的整体水平仍然比较低。     

一些发展中国家和地区鼓励对外投资的政策措施及启示

由于受资金及经济发展水平条件的限制，发展中国家以往曾普遍实行限制对外投资的政策。然而近十余年来，很多发展中国家和地区做出了政策调整，即由限制对外投资转向了鼓励对外投资。这一方面是由于一些国家国际收支条件的改善，另一方而是由于各发展中国家对对外投资有了新的认识。对外投资在获取国外资源，开发国外市场，改造本国经济，以及提高国际竞争力等方面的作用已日益受到各国的重视。与对外资流人本国的管理相比，放松对本国企业对外投资的控制需要更为复杂、苛刻的条件。因此，各发展中国家和地区放松对外投资管理都经历了一个较…     

动态比较优势理论:一种新的模型解释

大多数发展中国家在工业化的过程中都面临着贸易自由化的压力。一般而言 ,这些国家在低技术产品部门上具有比较优势 ,而在高技术部门往往处于比较劣势。静态的比较优势原理已很难为多数发展中国家所接受。比较优势由低技术产品向高技术产品转化 ,也就是说 ,如何发挥在高技术部门的动态比较优势的问题 ,早已成为这些国家普遍关心的问题。本文建立了一个一般均衡下的内生比较优势模型 ,分析了在连续时间福利函数下 ,发展中国家通过产业政策干预可以在高技术部门获得动态比较优势 ,并对动态比较优势的概念和干预期限做了更为合理的界定。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...