公允价值会计对保险公司财务报告的影响

主要探讨公允价值会计对财务报告体系和结构的影响。公允价值会计对财务报告的各要素都产生重大影响,从而影响保险公司财务报告本身。其中关键的因素是保险负债的评估,虽然保险责任准备金没有直接的市场价格,但是,只要构成保险责任准备金的各种要素反映了市场价格,就可以认为保险责任准备金具备了公允价值。在假设层面上,行业假设是假设市场...     

企业负债价值评估方法探析

本文认为,企业负债账面值与负债公允价值是两个不同的价值概念,简单套用审计核实后企业实际负债为评估值,在很多时候可能存在高估或错估负债价值的情况.并对资产评估中负债的概念、负债评估的类型、负债价值评估的理论基础、负债会计计量和价值评估的主要差异以及负债价值的评估方法提出了作者的观点.     

关于负债公允价值计量信用风险问题的探究

由于全球金融市场折射出信用质量的普遍恶化,计量负债时信用风险的角色问题近年来引起了越来越多的关注。初始确认后如果以公允价值计量金融负债,问题就变得尤其敏感.本文回顾了20世纪90年代以来FASB和IASB对这一问题的探讨,并研究了反映偿债个体信用问题的负债公允价值的计量方法。     

公允价值与资产评估

引言近十年来,国际会计准则委员会在推广公允价值方面取得了很大的进展。2005年1月1日,包括欧盟在内的90多个国家和地区开始采用新的国际会计准则,相应地也开始执行该准则中关于公允价值应用的规定。     

投资性房地产公允价值评估的对策建议

目前部分上市公司投资性房地产后续计量采用了公允价值计量模式,那么怎样客观、公允地估计投资性房地产的公允价值,是会计行业及资产评估行业同时面临的一个新课题,本文对此提出了相应的对策.     

Fair valuation of insurance liabilities via mean-variance hedging in a multi-period setting

A general class of fair valuations which are both market-consistent (mark-to-market for any hedgeable part of a claim) and actuarial (mark-to-model for any claim that is independent of financial market evolutions) was introduced in Dhaene et al. [Insurance: Mathematics & Economics, 76, 14–27 (2017)] in a single period framework. In particular, the authors considered mean-variance hedge-based (MVHB) valuations where fair valuations of insurance liabilities are expressed in terms of mean-variance hedges and actuarial valuations. In this paper, we generalize this MVHB approach to a multi-period dynamic investment setting. We show that the classes of fair valuations and MVHB valuations are equivalent in this generalized setting. We derive tractable formulas for the fair valuation of equity-linked contracts and show how the actuarial part of their MVHB valuation decomposes into a diversifiable and a non-diversifiable component.     

寿险公司负债价值计量研究

有效的资产负债管理以寿险公司资产和负债价值的正确计量为基础。寿险负债的长期性和多种嵌入期权的特性使寿险公司资产负债管理更具复杂性。寿险负债价值计量的精算方法注重于它的死亡率风险测定的技术秘诀和期限的长期性,但该方法使期权的效应无从体现,也使在利率和被保险人行为的静态假设不成立的前提下,负债价值被低估的情况发生。因此,必须辅之于财务方法来测量期权在寿险合约中的价值。本文对寿险合约中期权价值的测量及其对ALM的作用也做了探讨。     

保险负债的风险价值边际:评估方法及应用

国际会计准则委员会(IASB)正在实施一个关于保险合同的会计项目,其目的在于使保险公司的资产负债表以公允价值来计量。保险负债的公允价值以市场脱手价格为计量基础,可由最优估计价值和风险市场价值边际两部分构成。本文以公允价值的计量理论为基础,提出资本成本法这种风险价值边际的核算方法,并以财产险保单为例探讨该方法的应用。     

On relief value (deprival value) versus fair value measurement for contract liabilities: a comment and a response

Horton, Macve and Serafeim (2011) (HMS) argue for the use of relief value for the measurement of certain types of liabilities, and that the replacement liability (an entry price) is normally the appropriate measure of relief. I had previously argued elsewhere for an exit price (normally, the performance value, PV). In this paper, I first try to clarify the terminology used, and then I show why PV rather than RL is usually appropriate for the industries in HMS' example and for some others. My scope is more modest than that of HMS because I do not address revenue/profit issues, which I think should be dealt with separately.     

On accounting standards and fair valuation of life insurance and pension liabilities

The actuarial profession is increasingly teaming up with financial economists for a fruitful cooperation on the proper valuation of life insurance and pension (L&P) liabilities. This has been a natural consequence of a recent sharply increased focus on market values in financial reports of L&P companies from regulators, standard setters, the financial press, stakeholders, and others with an interest in the L&P business.

This article provides a financial economist's point of view on recent developments in relation to the fair valuation of L&P liabilities. The role of accounting standards and the background for the international harmonization in this field are first discussed. We then review and explain the concept of fair value and provide a general view on appropriate techniques for estimating fair values of L&P liabilities in accordance with the definition of the concept. The paper also contains a section which briefly reviews recent and quite innovative regulatory initiatives in relation to market value reporting in the Danish market for life and pension insurance.     

财产保险的保险价值界定探析——解读新《保险法》第55条

保险价值在财产保险中占有核心地位,是确定赔付比例和赔偿限额的标准。在实务和媒体报道中,财产保险索赔争议案例多与对保险价值的不同理解有关。本文将通过案例分析保险法和保险条款对保险价值界定中存在的问题,并对保险价值相关立法和司法解释的进一步完善提出合理建议。     

Fair valuation of cliquet-style return guarantees in (homogeneous and) heterogeneous life insurance portfolios

Participating life insurance contracts allow the policyholder to participate in the annual return of a reference portfolio. Additionally, they are often equipped with an annual (cliquet-style) return guarantee. The current low interest rate environment has again refreshed the discussion on risk management and fair valuation of such embedded options. While this problem is typically discussed from the viewpoint of a single contract or a homogeneous* insurance portfolio, contracts are, in practice, managed within a heterogeneous insurance portfolio. Their valuation must then – unlike the case of asset portfolios – take account of portfolio effects: Their premiums are invested in the same reference portfolio; the contracts interact by a joint reserve, individual surrender options and joint default risk of the policy sponsor. Here, we discuss the impact of portfolio effects on the fair valuation of insurance contracts jointly managed in (homogeneous and) heterogeneous life insurance portfolios. First, in a rather general setting, including stochastic interest rates, we consider the case that otherwise homogeneous contracts interact due to the default risk of the policy sponsor. Second, and more importantly, we then also consider the case when policies are allowed to differ in further aspects like the guaranteed rate or time to maturity. We also provide an extensive numerical example for further analysis.     

保险公司品牌营销问题研究

保险公司品牌营销可以通过不同方式替保险公司创造经济价值。但是从目前各家保险公司市场经营的实际状况来看,我国保险公司存在着品牌观念滞后、品牌战略规划缺失、品牌定位模糊、品牌保护意识薄弱、品牌误解和歧义等问题。基于这些问题,保险公司进行品牌营销的对策选择有:制定保险公司品牌营销的总体战略规划、设计营销策略、创建品牌资产、实施保险公司品牌营销的服务策略、实施保险公司品牌整合传播策略和保险公司品牌文化策略。     

基于数据包络分析法的中国保险公司治理研究

本文采用数据包络分析法,使用LINGO和MATLAB两种软件对2003年～2007年中国主要保险公司样本做了技术效率的对比研究。两种方法的结果表明:资本属性对保险公司的治理效率有一定的影响;保险公司体制改革在2005年后开始有了一定效果显现;中资保险公司的股权治理机制还没有完全发挥作用。