Economic freedom as driver of growth in transition

This paper reviews the political economy of economic growth in post-communist economies making the transition to free markets, focusing on the role of economic policy and institutions. We test the hypothesis that better institutions, measured in terms of economic freedom, contribute to growth. To begin with, the empirical results from the cross-section of transition economies confirm this hypothesis. Yet the question is deeper than that since there is an interactive effect between economic freedom and investment. The paper concludes that non-linearities are present in the growth model.     

经济最优化中的动态规划

本文应用动态规划讨论了线性、非线性最优化问题,并提出了递推方程。     

尽快建设城市经济结构优化的评价系统

本文主要探讨区域经济结构评价中的一个重要方面:城市经济结构优化的评价系统建设问题。 一、间接评价系统 城市经济结构优化的目的是要促进经济的发展,我们可以通过评价经济发展的状况来间接评价经济结构的优化程度。为此,我们分别给出城市经济增长速度与城市经济增长质     

水资源综合利用规划的国民经济评价——以阜康市水资源规划为例

文章以阜康市水资源综合利用规划为例,对水资源综合利用规划方案实施效果的国民经济评价方法进行探讨。包括对国民经济效益费用识别,依据评价原则,选取评价参数,计算评价指标,进行敏感性分析,从而作出定量评价。结果表明,该方案的实施有利于社会经济的可持续发展。     

Optimal designs for linear mixture models

Summary In a recent paper S nee and M arquardt [8] considered designs for linear mixture models, where the components are subject to individual lower and/or upper bounds. When the number of components is large their algorithm XVERT yields designs far too extensive for practical purposes.
The purpose of this paper is to describe a numerical procedure resulting in a design of fixed size N , which is approximately D -optimal, and where the components may be subject to linear constraints (f.e. upper or lower bounds). The proposed method is more generally applicable for models linear in the independent variables and the parameters and the convex hull of the experimental region is a polyhedron whose vertices are known.     

Optimal solutions of multiplier DEA models

Journal of Productivity Analysis - Conventional models of data envelopment analysis (DEA) are based on the constant and variable returns-to-scale production technologies. Any optimal input and...     

防城港市区域经济规划

区域规划的核心是实现区域经济协调发展,其在城市经济发展过程中的作用日益凸显。文章就防城港市经济发展存在的问题,探讨防城港市区域经济规划。     

电网规划的经济性评价

基于传统经济性评价方法的不足,本文提出经济性评价,在建立全面评价指标体系的基础上,采用AHP对指标进行权重确定,选用灰色关联分析法对其经济性进行评价并进行方案选择。     

Optimal policy in Markov-switching rational expectations models

In this paper we consider the optimal quadratic control problem of Markov-switching linear rational expectation models. These models are general and flexible tools for modelling not only regime but also model or parameter uncertainty. We show, first, how to find the solution of a Markov-switching linear rational expectation model. Based on this solution we then show how to apply dynamic programming to find the optimal time-consistent policy and the resulting Nash-Stackelberg equilibrium. Suitable modifications of the algorithm allow to deal with the (non-RE) case in which the policymaker and the private sector hold different beliefs or probabilities over regime change. We also show how the optimisation procedure can be employed to obtain the optimal policy under commitment. As an illustration we compute the optimal policy in a small open economy subject to stochastic structural breaks in some of its key parameters.     

Optimal growth under model uncertainty

The optimal growth of a wealth process toward a goal is studied under ambiguous markets with first- and second-order moment uncertainties relating to stock returns. Optimal strategies and value functions are solved explicitly. A verification theorem is proved to show that the results solve the original stochastic control problem. Quantitative analyses of the investment strategies indicate that a rational individual with ambiguity aversion reduces market participation when return and volatility are uncorrelated, while there is an exception for synchronous return and volatility. The welfare of shorting a discounted reward is computed, which demonstrates that in an ambiguous pricing economy, investors can generate a positive premium via appropriate asset allocations.     

全国国土规划与空间经济分析

全国国土规划旨在优化国土空间开发格局,统筹全国经济发展的效率、公平和一体化问题.为此,我们提出了实现国土空间开发三个目标即效率、公平和一体化的途径,利用一系列空间经济分析方法确定达到这些目标的空间区域.我们利用几个实例表明空间经济分析能够为全国多目标国土规划提供直观、精细和定量的依据,可以作为全国国土规划的分析工具.我们比较了全国国土规划和全国主体功能区规划.建议中央政府从多重角度全面推动全国国土规划和全国市场一体化进程.     

土地利用规划制度的经济解释

规划是政府重要的公共行政职能和公共政策,把握规划的本质是促进我国规划转型的关键.本文从经济学角度对土地利用规划制度的本质进行了分析,并以此对土地利用规划的编制工作提出了建议.     

Economic transition and growth

Some extensions of neoclassical growth models are discussed that allow for cross‐section heterogeneity among economies and evolution in rates of technological progress over time. The models offer a spectrum of transitional behavior among economies that includes convergence to a common steady‐state path as well as various forms of transitional divergence and convergence. Mechanisms for modeling such transitions, measuring them econometrically, assessing group behavior and selecting subgroups are developed in the paper. Some econometric issues with the commonly used augmented Solow regressions are pointed out, including problems of endogeneity and omitted variable bias which arise under conditions of transitional heterogeneity. Alternative regression methods for analyzing economic transition are given which lead to a new test of the convergence hypothesis and a new procedure for detecting club convergence clusters. Transition curves for individual economies and subgroups of economies are estimated in a series of empirical applications of the methods to regional US data, OECD data and Penn World Table data. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

论人力资源经济管理工具在事业单位中的应用

在各个企业当中,人力资源经济管理工具都是保障企业稳步发展前进的重要环节,这尤其突出在事业单位中。本文从几个主要方面详细阐述了人力资源经济管理工具应用于事业单位中时,所存在的一些问题。并通过实际分析,论述了人力资源经济管理工具应用于事业单位所起到的作用,提出了一些完善事业单位中人力资源经济管理工具的方法措施,以期对发展人力资源经济管理事业及其更好的辅助事业单位进步提供一定参考。     

Advertising Media Planning,Optimal Pricing,and Welfare

This paper analyzes optimal media planning strategies in a pricing‐advertising competition model where firms can use mass and specialized advertising. We find that although targeted advertising avoids the wasting of ads, firms might find it optimal to mix specialized advertising with the mass media. We also show that the characteristics of the specialized media available crucially affect the outcome of price competition between firms, which can range from a full fragmentation of the market into local monopolies to lower average prices (compared to the case where firms had only mass advertising available). Regarding welfare, we prove that although the use of specialized advertising can lower consumer surplus and drive a fragment of consumers out of the market, this advertising technology is welfare‐improving, and can be Pareto superior.     

Optimal statistical decisions about some alternative financial models

We study Neyman–Pearson testing and Bayesian decision making based on observations of the price dynamics (_Xt:t∈[0,T])$(X_t:t\in [0,T])$ of a financial asset, when the hypothesis is the classical geometric Brownian motion with a given constant growth rate and the alternative is a different random diffusion process with a given, possibly price-dependent, growth rate. Examples of asset price observations are introduced and used throughout the paper to demonstrate the applicability of the theory. By a rigorous mathematical approach, we obtain exact formulae and bounds for the most common statistical characteristics of testing and decision making, such as the power of test (type II error probability), the Bayes factor and its moments (power divergences), and the Bayes risk or Bayes error. These bounds can be much more easily evaluated than the exact formulae themselves and, consequently, they are useful for practical applications. An important theoretical conclusion of this paper is that for the class of alternatives considered   neither the risk nor the errors converge to zero faster than exponentially in the observation time T$T$. We illustrate in concrete decision situations that the actual rate of convergence is well approximated by the bounds given in the paper.     

Economic development and growth in Colombia: An empirical analysis with super-efficiency DEA and panel data models

In this paper, we analyse economic development and growth through traditional measures (gross domestic product and human development index) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in Colombian departments over the period 1993–2007. We use a DEA model to measure and rank economic development and growth from different approaches such as poverty, equality and security. The results show considerable variation in efficiency scores across departments. A second-stage panel data analysis with fixed effects reveals that higher levels of economic activity, quality life, employment and security are associated with a higher efficiency score based on the standards of living, poverty, equality and security. All findings of this analysis should demonstrate that economic development and growth could be achieved most effectively through a decrease in poverty, an increase in equality, a reduction in violence, and improved security. This indicates the need to generate effective policies that guarantee the achievement of these elements in the interest of all members of society.     

Optimal designs under two related models for interference

We consider two related models for interference: one having different directional neighbour effects and one with the same neighbour effects. We show that optimal designs for one model can be obtained from optimal designs for the other model. Acknowledgement. We are grateful to H. Kushner for advance notice of his work. SP was supported by the Isfahan University of Technology, Iran.