日本对华农业直接投资与中日农产品贸易的关系研究

日本是中国重要的农产品出口市场和农业外资来源国之一,研究中日之间农产品贸易与直接投资的内在联系,有助于深化对双边农业经贸关系的认识。本文利用格兰杰因果关系检验法对中日农产品贸易与直接投资的关系进行了研究。结果表明,对日农产品出口、从日农产品进口和贸易总量与日本对华农业直接投资之间均存在长期稳定的互补关系;FDI和对日农产品出口之间不存在长期和短期的格兰杰因果关系,但FDI对农产品进口具有单向的长期因果关系。     

外商直接投资与中国进出口贸易的区域差异研究——基于省级面板数据的单位根、协整与Granger因果检验

本文基于1987～2004年的省级面板数据,通过面板单位根、协整和Granger因果检验,对国内东、中、西三大地区的外商直接投资与进出口之间的关系进行了系统考察。研究发现:东、中部地区的FDI与进出口之间存在长期均衡的关系,但在西部地区却并不存在协整关系;三大地区的进口均是FDI的Granger原因,但出口并不是FDI的Granger原因;东部地区的FDI很显著地构成了进出口的Granger原因,但这种Granger因果关系在中、西部地区却并不存在。文章结合区域差异结论,从技术溢出的角度重新解释了中国区域经济发展的"马太效应"。     

Outward Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: Evidence from Japan

Abstract

This article aims at analysing the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows in economic performance and the impact of economic growth on outward FDI with the data from Japan. Bivariate and multivariate Granger causality frameworks have been used in this study. The results suggest that the conclusion of bivariate framework may not be valid because it allows omission of important variables. The results of the multivariate framework show that there is a long-run positive unidirectional causality from outward FDI to gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. In the short-run, both per capita income and outward FDI do not allow Granger causality.     

FDI, exports, and GDP in East and Southeast Asia—Panel data versus time-series causality analyses

Using time-series and panel data from 1986 to 2004, this paper examines the Granger causality relations between GDP, exports, and FDI among China, Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand, the eight rapidly developing East and Southeast Asian economies. After reviewing the current literature and testing the properties of individual time-series data, we estimate the VAR of the three variables to find various Granger causal relations for each of the eight economies. We found each country has different causality relations and does not yield general rules. We then construct the panel data of the three variables for the eight economies as a group and then use the fixed effects and random effects approaches to estimate the panel data VAR equations for Granger causality tests. The panel data causality results reveal that FDI has unidirectional effects on GDP directly and also indirectly through exports, and there also exists bidirectional causality between exports and GDP for the group. Our results indicate that the panel data causality analysis has superior results over the time-series causality analysis. Economic and policy implications of our analyses are then explored in the conclusions.     

关于日本对华直接投资贸易效应的实证分析

有关外商直接投资的贸易效应已经成为理论界讨论的热点问题,大量文献讨论了投资对贸易流量的影响.本文在前人研究的基础上,采用协整检验及误差修正模型检验,分析日本对华直接投资对于中日双边贸易所产生的效应.结果表明,日本对华直接投资与中国对日进、出口均表现为一种显著的协整关系;无论从长期还是短期看,日本对华直接投资与中国对日本的出口具有显著的双向格兰杰因果关系,但与中国对日本进口仅有单向的因果关系.     

Export performance and economic growth causality: An empirical analysis

The cointegration and causal relationship between export growth and economic growth is investigated for the Nordic economies. On the basis of Johansen's technique and the augmented Granger causality tests, the evidence shows that these macroeconomic aggregates are causally related in the long run for each economy. Granger causality is unidirectional, running from economic growth to export growth in Denmark, and bidirectional in Finland, Norway, and Sweden. The established bidirectional causality suggests that the expansion of exports is an integral part of the economic growth process.     

Export-output causality: The Irish case 1953–93

Despite proposed theoretical relationships, recent empirical research has found no conclusive support for a causal relationship between exports and output. Using the methodological approach based on the statistical theory of cointegration and Granger causality tests, the causal relationship between exports and output is examined here using Irish data. The Johansen technique is used and error-correction modeling is incorporated into the Granger causality tests. Results suggest that exports and GDP are cointegrated. Augmented Granger causality tests indicate support for the export-led growth hypothesis since there is evidence of short-run and long-run causality from exports to output.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Forty-First International Atlantic Economic Conference in Paris, France, March 13–18, 1996. The author would like to thank Liam Gallagher and Van Newby for helpful comments.     

EXPORT‐LED GROWTH HYPOTHESIS: FURTHER ECONOMETRIC EVIDENCE FROM SOUTH ASIA

This paper examines the export‐led growth (ELG) hypothesis for five South Asian countries through cointegration and multivariate Granger causality tests. Strong support for a long‐run relationship among exports, imports, and real output for all the countries except Sri Lanka were found. Feedback effects between exports and GDP for Bangladesh and Nepal and unidirectional causality from exports to output in the case of Pakistan were found. No causality between these variables was found for Sri Lanka and India, although for India GDP and exports did induce imports. A feedback effect between imports and GDP was also documented for Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal, as well as unidirectional causality from imports to output growth for Sri Lanka. These and other findings are discussed from the standpoint of the export‐led growth hypothesis.     

FDI、对外贸易对中部经济增长影响的实证分析

本文利用中部地区1993年至2007年年度样本数据,应用协整理论及格兰杰因果关系检验等现代计量经济学方法,定量分析了FDI、对外贸易和经济增长之间的动态关系。结果表明,中部地区经济增长在短期内与对外贸易互为Granger原因,而外商直接投资在短期内与中部经济增长不构成Granger因果关系;经济增长对对外贸易的波动冲击表现出较大的正向效应,而FDI由于地区因素的影响,作用较小,同时方差分解也表明对外贸易在中部经济增长预测误差的方差贡献度中所占比重最大。     

Determinants of Real Chinese GDP 1978–2014

In 2014, the IMF reported that China became the largest economy in the world according to Purchasing Power Parity rates. This study aims to explain the Chinese economic miracle. It focuses on frequently suggested factors influencing China’s real gross domestic product (GDP), such as export promotion, exchange rate policy, and foreign direct investment (FDI). The paper employs the Bounds test of the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to test for cointegration. Once cointegration is established, Granger Causality is investigated using the vector autoregressive model and the Toda and Yamamoto (1995) method. Two different combinations of the real macroeconomic variables exports, exchange rate, imports, and FDI were employed to examine Granger causal relationships. All explanatory variables, except for the exchange rate, were found to have plausible relationships with GDP. The exchange rate and GDP relationship was unexpected; a Renminbi appreciation was associated with an increase in GDP. To investigate this paradox, a third ARDL model was estimated with exports as the dependent variable and the exchange rate, world GDP, and FDI as the independent variables. In this model, we found evidence of cointegration and a plausible relationship between real exports and the real exchange rate. Exchange rate devaluation increased exports and thus indirectly increased GDP. Such findings help to resolve the unexpected results. Nonetheless, according to the Granger causality tests the established statistical evidence is rather weak. We found that both the exchange rate and FDI are no longer strong drivers of economic growth in China.     

EXPORT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NAMIBIA: A GRANGER CAUSALITY ANALYSIS

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the causality between exports and GDP of Namibia and to evaluate the relationship of these variables for the period 1970 to 2005. Time‐series econometric techniques (Granger causality and cointegration) are applied to test the hypothesis of a growth strategy led by exports. It tests whether export Granger causes GDP, or whether the causality runs from GDP to exports, or if there is bi‐directional causality between exports and GDP. The results revealed that exports Granger cause GDP and GDP per capita. This suggests that the export‐led growth strategy through various incentives has a positive influence on growth.     

技术进步与我国出口贸易模式演进

文章应用我国1980-2006年相关数据,采用协整检验和Granger因果关系检验方法,对技术进步、资本积累、FDI与出口商品结构之间的关系进行了分析.结果表明,四者之间存在协整关系,技术进步与我国对外贸易模式之间存在着互为因果的双向联系.     

Foreign outward direct investment and exports in Austrian manufacturing: Substitutes or complements?

Foreign Outward Direct Investment and Exports in Austrian Manufacturing: Substitutes or Complements? — The relationship between foreign outward direct investment and exports is crucial for assessing the impact of increased internationalization by foreign outward direct investment on a country’s welfare. Three models of trade and FDI are reviewed to generate hypotheses on their direct relationship over time as well as on common determinants. The propositions are empirically examined with time-series cross-section data for Austrian manufacturing. The results indicate a significant complementary relationship between FDI and exports in the eighties and early nineties. Moreover, long-run multipliers of exogenously increased FDI and exports are calculated. They are found to be positive but small in magnitude.     

福建省经济发展和进出口贸易的研究

回顾了国内外学者对经济增长与对外贸易的关系所进行的研究,利用福建省1981-2007年国内生产总值、出口总额、进口总额的数据进行协整分析和Granger因果检验。实证分析的结果表明：①福建省国内生产总值、出口总额、进口总额之间存在长期稳定的关系。②福建省的经济增长、出口增长、进口增长之间不存在Granger因果关系。     

财政分权、经济增长与外贸依存度——基于1978～2007年改革开放30年数据的实证分析

本文以我国1978～2007年的数据,运用协整、Granger因果检验、脉冲响应函数研究了我国财政分权、经济增长对外贸依存度的动态影响。研究发现:长期内,财政分权会推进外贸依存度的提高,而短期内财政分权对外贸依存度的作用不显著;以人均GDP衡量的经济增长,在短期内可提高外贸依存度水平,而在长期中却会降低外贸依存度。分析表明,财政分权引致的地方政府为经济增长而产生的对FDI和出口的激励,以及贸易升级、产业结构调整、内需导向型经济增长模式,是财政分权、经济增长和外贸依存度之间动态关系产生的内在逻辑。     

FDI,Trade, and Product Innovation: Theory and Evidence

This article investigates the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI, including outward FDI and inward FDI), imports and exports, and product innovation. Our theoretical model predicts that inward FDI, outward FDI, imports, and exports have positive influences on firm innovative activities, which would evaluate the effects of the relative magnitude of different sources on innovation. The empirical results based on the 2003 First Taiwan Technological Innovation Survey confirm three of the proposed hypotheses for the entire sample. However, when focusing on the manufacturing sector, outward FDI, inward FDI, imports, and exports all exhibit strongly positive effects on the determination of conducting product innovation (i.e., the four hypotheses are verified). A consistent trend is that outward FDI has the largest effect on innovation, regardless of the measurement of product innovation and the division of the entire sample, which may imply that in Taiwan a positive effect of “deindustrialization” is to innovate more.     

人民币汇率、FDI与中国贸易收支——基于中国制造业行业视角的实证分析

长期以来,学者们偏重于从中国总体、地区或国别视角考察人民币汇率、FDI与中国贸易收支关系,较少从行业层面上对其展开定性和定量分析。本文从制造业行业视角,采用有界协整检验法和Granger因果检验法对人民币汇率、FDI与中国贸易收支关系进行了深入分析。结果表明:人民币汇率、FDI与贸易收支关系在不同的行业具有不同的表现;在短期内,人民币升值有助于改善高新技术产业贸易收支,而从长期看,则不利于高新技术产业的出口;无论在短期还是长期,FDI增加均有助于提升高新技术产业的出口竞争力,改善其贸易收支。     

上海市FDI与出口贸易、经济增长之间关系的实证研究

文章利用上海市1985－2007年的年度数据,对上海市FDI、出口贸易、经济增长之间的关系进行实证分析。所采用方法是根据协整理论建立向量误差修正模型,并结合Granger因果检验进行分析。实证结果表明：FDI与经济增长之间,在长期和短期内都呈正相关,而且互为Granger成因;FDI与出口贸易之间,在短期内呈正相关,其中FDI是出口贸易的单向Granger成因,但在长期内FDI与出口贸易却呈负相关关系。     

China's economic development: does exchange rate and FDI nexus matter?

This study aims to investigate the relationship between China's exchange rate, foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, and economic development. We applied the bound testing approach on aggregate level data from 1981 to 2013. The results showed that the Chinese economy benefitted from a lower exchange rate over this period, and that there was a direct link between FDI inflows and economic development on an aggregate level both in the long and short run. The results of the Granger causality test identified a long‐ and short‐run association among these variables. The GMM estimations with dummies for financial crises and RMB exchange rate policy fluctuations also confirmed the growth enhancing impact of the exchange rate and FDI inflows. To promote sustainable economic development in the future, China should focus on improving the levels of domestic investment and human capital, as well as supervising the level of openness and capital controls.     

中国对非洲直接投资的出口效应分析

对外直接投资与国际贸易之间的关系是经济领域长期关注的问题,近年来,我国对非洲国家的直接投资和出口贸易成绩斐然,规模逐年增加,但对其相互关系的研究仍是空白。本文综合运用了协整理论、格兰杰检验法,利用1996~2008年间的数据,考察了我国对非洲直接投资与出口之间的关系。结果表明:对非直接投资与出口之间不存在长期均衡关系,投资也不是出口的原因。文章结合对非投资和贸易的特点对这种有悖于理论和经验的结论作出解释。