Educational Policy: Egalitarian or Elitist?

This paper uses a general-equilibrium model of production and predation to explain observed differences across countries in educational policies. This model predicts, in accord with the facts, that countries in which the government is willing and able to enforce a collective choice to allocate resources to guarding against predators choose to have egalitarian educational policies, which serve to decrease the amount of guarding required to deter predation. In contrast, countries in which individual producers, or small subsets of producers, choose the amount of resources to allocate to guarding against predators, taking the ratio of predators to producers as given, choose to have elitist educational policies, which can serve to decrease the number of potential predators.     

和谐营销中的社会责任观念

社会责任对于和谐营销的意义在于：赢得消费者的支持和尊敬,提升企业和谐营销效益;提高企业的凝聚力,促进和谐营销团队建设;实现企业、消费者、社会共赢,企业长久发展。在和谐营销中实施社会责任从根本上讲,是构建企业以社会责任观念为核心的企业价值观和企业文化,营造社会责任氛围,开发社会责任产品,把承担社会责任作为企业战略实现和谐营销与社会责任的统一,使消费者利益、企业利益、社会利益在更高的层次上达到和谐统一,进一步降低消费者、企业、社会的发展成本,是建设和谐社会中发挥企业责任和作用的最佳途径。     

Financialization and Society’s Protective Response: Reconsidering Karl Polanyi’s Double Movement

Financialization challenges Karl Polanyi’s thesis of double movement, the thesis that efforts to extend the market evoke efforts to protect humans, nature, and means of production from market forces. Financialization refers to the increased power of financial institutions. The government protects the incomes and assets of financial institutions, but it does little to protect the incomes and assets of households, which are necessary for people to afford healthcare, education, emergencies, retirement, and so on. Polanyi criticized nineteenth-century civilization for transforming land, labor, and the means of production into commodities, using economic insecurity to motivate humans. The development of intangible property allowed business to expand the market in two ways: (i) restricting output to drive up profits and (ii) liquefying consumer assets to provide credit to consumers to increase spending. The implications of that process manifested themselves in the financial crisis of 2008. Market capitalism represented the attempt to organize commodities based on economic rationality. Similarly, the twentieth- and twenty-first-century capitalism represents the effort to “rationally” organize society according to the value of intangible assets. Both efforts failed, indicating the continued relevance of Polanyi’s thesis.     

三峡库区第三产业发展与城镇功能恢复重建的基本思路探析

本文从优化三峡库区产业结构,合理布局三峡库区第三产业,提高商贸流通业现代化水平,全方位拓展三峡旅游业,大力发展非公有制经济,优化调整库区网点与业态,加大招商引资和对口支援力度,大力发展劳务经济,构建功能完备各具特色的三峡库区城镇市政设施系统和社会事业发展系统,落实优惠扶持政策等方面,探析了三峡库区第三产业发展与城镇功能恢复重建及完善提升的基本思路。     

农村义务教育经费保障机制研究

与建设社会主义新农村的要求相比,目前农村义务教育经费保障方面存在着投资责任重心下移、教育经费管理制度不健全等问题。建立农村义务教育经费保障机制是解决现存问题的关键所在。为此,应尽快建立《农村义务教育投入法》,加强对经费的使用监督,优化配置教育资源,开辟新税种作为教育经费的来源,引入政府采购制度,建立多渠道筹措义务教育经费制度。     

对我国高等会计教育的思考

随着知识经济和信息时代的到来,社会对会计人才的知识、能力提出了更高的要求,会计环境变化呼唤会计教育变革。因此,顺应时代发展,确立以目标为导向的会计教育模式,疏通供求双方的联系渠道,创新会计教育体制与机制,改革传统的会计教学模式,采取切实有效的措施,加快会计教育的改革是当务之急。     

中原城市群地区土地资源利用及优化配置研究

根据土地利用优化配置的原则,通过中原城市群地区土地资源利用现状分析,文章从土地利用优化配置入手,阐述了中原城市群土地资源利用现状及存在问题,提出中原城市群地区土地资源优化配置的基本思路,即加强土地资源优化配置的综合研究,促进经济效益与生态效益的同步提高,根据各地区的具体情况采用合适的土地利用模式。     

甘肃省耕地资源禀赋与贫困关系的量化研究

文章对甘肃省87个县以及其中的43个国家贫困县的耕地资源指标和贫困指标进行了相关分析,得出的结论是:甘肃省耕地资源禀赋与贫困之间没有相关性。因此要解决甘肃省的贫困问题,保证粮食安全战略,进而实现可持续发展的目标,必须提高土地质量,发展生态农业,增加单位面积的产出,并调整农业产业结构。片面扩大耕地面积不仅不能够提高粮食产量,反而会造成发展的不可持续性。     

知识网络中的社会资本及其作用

知识网络的绩效,在一定程度上取决于网络伙伴间社会资本与信任关系的形成。社会资本在知识网络中起着不可忽视的重要作用,其积极作用主要有:促进组织间交互学习;减少交易费用;促进风险分担;形成知识网络的竞争优势,进而增强网络成员的竞争优势;有利于解决知识网络中产生的"囚徒困境"等问题。而其消极作用主要有:易帮派化;易冒进;易产生锁定。     

试论人民银行支付结算管理职能行使

支付结算体系作为国家重要的金融基础设施和社会资金运行的大动脉,关系到金融稳定和社会安定,维护支付结算的正常运行是法律赋予人民银行的重要职责.人民银行作为支付体系的组织者、管理者、监督者,应充分发挥好法律赋予的支付结算管理职能.加强支付结算调查的研究,大力推广票据使用上运用新的支付工具,不断改进支付结算手段,维护支付体系安全稳定,服务社会主义市场经济.同时,要逐步建立支付结算监督管理责任追求制度,强化支付结算的监管力度,维护结算当事人的合法权益,防范支付风险和案件发生.     

财务危机预测模型的构建

基于Logistic回归模型,选取中国制造业上市公司作为样本对财务危机预测进行研究。从企业的盈利能力、营运能力、偿债能力、成长能力、现金流量等方面出发,选取了10个财务预警指标,经过回归分析得出,总资产收益率、总资产周转率、资产负债率、主营业务增长率、经营活动现金净流量对负债的比率五项财务指标对上市公司发生财务危机有重要影响。从而提出要从提高盈利能力、提升营运能力、增强偿债能力、提高成长能力、保障现金流的充足几方面来应对财务危机。     

A tool for fiscal policy planning in a medium-term fiscal framework: The FMM-MTFF model

This paper describes the FMM-MTFF model, a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model developed to support the implementation of a Medium-Term Fiscal Framework (MTFF) in emerging market and developing economies. The model exhibits the following features. First, fiscal policy is defined in terms of multi-year fiscal plans, instead of restricting attention to univariate, single-period fiscal shocks. Second, the model temporarily deactivates the fiscal rule to avoid forcing fiscal policy to be mechanically countercyclical and sustainable. Third, the model is calibrated to match a three-sector, stylized version of a country’s input-output table, and finally, the model uses a chain-weighted procedure to measure GDP, a method consistent with what national account compilers do. The model is calibrated to Colombian and Peruvian data to illustrate the use of the model as a tool to quantify the scale of the fiscal challenges, to provide consistent medium-term macro fiscal projections and to assess the quantitative implications of past reforms and alternative fiscal policy plans on the economies, i.e., the typical questions of interest to an MTFF.     

中小企业商业模式创新的现实意义与实现途径

商业模式创新是中小企业转型升级的有效途径。商业模式诠释了公司价值的来源,是企业的主动选择,具有系统性、逻辑性、具体性、形象性和创新性等特色。中小企业商业模式以完善型和改变型为主,通过可分收入式模式、专业化模式、协作式模式创新以及有机融合,实现重新定义客户、重新定义服务、重新定义沟通、重新定义供应链构架等模式创新。商业模式创新的成功取决于创新途径的正确选择。要坚持能使企业发挥自身优势的细分市场来进行专业化经营,促进企业持久发展;培育中小企业商业模式创新的动力机制,营造良好的外部环境;促进中小企业电子商务向国际化、专业化与纵深化方向发展。     

用心服务 创新机制 满腔热情做好老干部工作

老干部工作是我们党工作的一部分,做好老干部工作是一项长期而重要的政治任务。为此,要从改革、发展、稳定的全局来考虑老干部工作,把老干部工作当做一项光荣而伟大的事业来做。要在工作方法上创新,在老干部管理服务上,要由物质型服务向精神型服务延伸,由被动性服务向主动性服务转变。要将创新思路与老干部工作相结合,用心服务,创新机制,满腔热情做好老干部工作。     

人工智能技术发展对“发明人”角色的挑战与应对

目前,人工智能已逐步从创造工具向自主创造转化,对“发明人”角色提出了挑战。人工智能能否成为“发明人”关系到创造物的权利归属、专利审查程序、专利许可等制度修改。利用文献研究、历史研究、逻辑推理等方法从不同维度分析：人工智能将具有“发明”的意识能力,未来成为法律意义的“人”也不存在理论障碍。但是,人工智能成为“发明人”,不仅需要全社会形成共识,且要有充分的理由修改专利法。从专利制度看,人工智能成为“发明人”不符合专利法制定的目标,具体实施也存在障碍,目前亟待解决人工智能创造物的权利归属问题。应对挑战,应坚持专利法中“发明人”的基本规定,但可以要求申请人履行说明人工智能承担的义务。     

Biased valuations, damage assessments, and policy choices: The choice of measure matters

Damages from, for example, an oil spill can be measured by how much people are willing to pay to avoid them, or by the minimum compensation they demand to accept them; and decisions to clean up can be justified by the willingness to pay to do it or by the compensation necessary to forgo it. Contrary to the usual official and unofficial conventions that the choice of measure is of no matter, the empirical evidence and intuitions of most people strongly suggest otherwise. The appropriate choice of measure appears to turn, not on legal entitlements, but on the reference state people use to judge negative and positive changes — a criteria that is likely to call into question most estimates of the damages of increased health risks and the value of environmental mitigation efforts.     

Institutions and the route to reform of the European Union’s budget revenue, 1970–2017

Using process tracing, this paper charts the history of the changes in the EU’s revenue since 1970, including package deals and the unforeseen consequences of change, comparing the positions of the Council to those of the European Commission and European Parliament. Those revenue decisions allowed European integration to proceed though without a fully autonomous budget as Member States became more careful to calculate their net benefits or costs in relation to the budget. In December 2013, the European Union’s institutions established a High Level Group to recommend changes to the revenue base of the EU’s budget. This reported in January 2017, proposing to resolve the effect of sub-optimal revenue and budget decisions made by the European Union over many years, to reduce direct national contributions, to minimise the risk of unforeseen consequences, and to combine revenue flows with steering effects to discourage certain forms of economic behaviour in line with the wider policy agenda of the European Union.     

金融创新中的会计制度研究

现行中国金融会计制度现状已难以适应金融业的发展,应从把握基本点、注重协调性和建立新机制等方面加强金融创新中的会计制度建设,对会计原则、会计计价基础、会计报告和会计要素等进行系统化的改革与调整。     

农户参与式水利管理与政府声誉缺失——一个基于博弈框架的分析

为解决农户有效参与水利管理的合作意愿,本文基于博弈论的农户合作管理困境,首先对农户参与水利管理的单次静态博弈进行了合作意愿分析,得出农户在合作的单次博弈中必将陷入两难困境,导致个人理性和集体理性产生冲突,农户产生"搭便车"的倾向,且农户集体之间的合作难以达成。其次,基于不完全信息和有限理性的研究假设,再次对农户所处的两难困境进行重复动态博弈分析,推演出农户参与水利管理的合作意愿主要来自政府的有效激励机制设计及承诺。最后,本文以浙江省为例,对500个农户参与水利管理的合作意愿进行了实地调查,结果显示与农户合作博弈过程中的研究结论相符,并据此得出相应的对策及建议。     

“Social Freedom” in the Twenty-First Century: Rereading Polanyi

Karl Polanyi’s analysis of the genesis, crises, and institutional transformations of contemporary society is grounded on a theory of the basic features and dynamics of capitalism as a peculiar form of society. This article intends to develop this thesis on the basis of a reading of Polanyi’s The Great Transformation, with references to Polanyi’s preceding and later research. Polanyi’s theoretical and methodological achievements suggest a wide comparative outlook and offer a critique of economics, in addition to being deeply connected with his political philosophy. Polanyi’s approach seems to be nearer to the original institutional thought — from Karl Marx to Thorstein Veblen, from Max Weber to Adolf Löwe and Karl William Kapp — than to current neo-institutional tendencies in economics, sociology, and historiography. The hard problems society presently faces suggest the need to adhere to Polanyi’s radical point of view — that is, to a radical approach to Polanyi’s thought.