产业内贸易与服务贸易竞争力关系理论综述

随着经济的发展,产业内贸易、服务贸易在今天的社会生活中变得日益重要,产业内贸易的发展对推动服务贸易的发展,提高服务贸易国际竞争力的作用也越来越得到人们的关注。文章分别对产业内贸易、服务贸易竞争力及涉及其两者间关系的理论进行梳理总结。     

A world trade model with bilateral trade based on comparative advantage

This paper describes an extension of Duchin's world trade model to include the explicit representation of transportation costs, permitting the endogenous determination of bilateral trade flows and region-specific prices. The original model is a linear program that, based on comparative advantage and the minimization of factor use, determines regional production and trade flows as well as world prices and scarcity rents for m regions, n good, and k factors. The new world trade model with bilateral trade achieves its objectives by introducing transportation services and geographically dependent transportation requirements for each traded good and each pair of potential trade partners. The formulation of this model and its major properties are presented, and results from a preliminary analysis with 11 regions, eight goods, four transportation sectors, and six factors of production are reported and compared with corresponding results from the world trade model. On the basis of this comparison, we conclude that transportation costs have little impact on a region's total imports or exports of a given commodity.     

外贸物流发货

海伦是GE贸易公司的客服．正与客户凯文化电话中讨论有关对方所订购的扬声器的包装和运输事宜。     

Latin American trade elasticities

An important issue in applied international economics is the extent to which trade flows adjust to changes in income, relative prices, and exchange rates. While there have been numerous surveys regarding merchandise trade elasticities in industrial economies such as Japan and the United States, relatively little work has been completed with respect to developing regions of the world. Material in this article examines the literature on empirical estimates of import and export elasticities published for Latin America. (JEL F140) Partial funding for this research was provided by the Center for the Study of Western Hemispheric Trade at the University of Texas at El Paso, the Public Policy Center at the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso Electric Company, and the Fulbright Council for International Exchange of Scholars. Helpful comments were provided by an anonymous reference. Econometric research assistance was provided by Roberto Coronado.     

Contemporary Spanish trade unions

This article traces the development of the Spanish Trade Union Movement in the decade since the death of Franco. It reviews the immediate historical context of the contemporary Spanish unions, places them in a legal/institutional context and discusses their organisational strength and their role in the new Spanish democracy.     

Seller experimentation and trade

Review of Economic Design - This paper studies the effect of trade opportunities on a seller’s incentive to acquire information through experimentation. I characterize the unique equilibrium...     

化解物价上涨应强化内外贸一体化政策

当前,我国出现的结构性通货膨胀,其根本原因之一就是流动性过剩.因此,解决了流动性过剩问题,物价上涨问题也会迎刃而解.目前,一种比较流行的观点倾向于把流动性过剩作为一个货币供给量问题,以为只要采取紧缩的货币政策,就可以解决我国的流动性过剩问题.事实上,并非如此简单.     

Business,trade and the environment: An agenda for stability in world trade

Conflicts between trade liberalization, as promoted by the World Trade Organisation, and demands for environmental protection have the potential seriously to disrupt the world's trading system to the point of detriment of, among others, the business community. The paper sets out the essential issues raised in the trade/environment debate, with some case study analysis as to how and why the problems have arisen. One of the principal constraints of freer trade on environmental policy making is fears of impacts on business competitiveness. The paper concludes that, while these fears are often exaggerated, they are justified for some environmentally intensive sectors, and they certainly constrain the introduction of environment policies. The paper makes proposals as to how the rules governing world trade, and their interpretation, could be modified to make domestic environmental policy making easier, and suggests that it is strongly in the interests of international business to see these modifications implemented. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

IT行业战略并购动因分析

随着信息技术的发展和新经济的到来,全球竞争日益加剧,国际贸易发展迅速,为了获取竞争所需的规模和资源,投资于新技术和新产品,控制销售渠道及保证进入市场的机会,各行各业面临着并购浪潮,IT行业的战略并购同样异常频繁,为了探求IT企业发展战略,文章对IT企业的并购动因进行了系统分析。     

Multilateral trade agreements in Africa

This paper explores the motives behind the formation of intra-African regional integration agreements (RIAs). We focus specifically on rents because they can explain the drive for integration even in the absence of a positive effect on welfare. Whether they are meant to foster rent-seeking or to suppress it, the level of corruption is posited to have a positive effect on the willingness to enter into RIAs. However, empirical studies into this effect have come to contradictory conclusions. We find that corruption has a positive effect on the willingness of African countries to join trade agreements. This result remains significant when controlling for endogeneity and heteroskedasticity, as well as the indicator of corruption used. While small, the effect of corruption outperforms most economic variables. Nevertheless, distance and other geographical factors remain the strongest explanatory forces of African integration.     

国际贸易理论的新发展——战略性贸易政策在中国的适用性分析

战略性贸易政策是近年来国际贸易理论新发展的一个重要内容,也是最有争议性的一个焦点。它于80年代末被引进至国内,该理论建立在不完全竞争、规模收益递增基础之上,与传统的贸易理论相比更接近现实。文中从其暗含的假定入手,从中国的实际情况出发用传统的比较优势理论和其做比较,考察其在中国的适用性。     

British trade unions in Ireland

This article examines various influences on the organisation of British trade unions in Ireland. The constitution of the ICTU is considered in the context of the drive towards an Irish-based and controlled trade union movement. The organisational response of British-based unions to these nationalist pressures is assessed using union rule books and interviews with trade union officials.     

Democracy and trade unions*

In the context of the current debate over the Government's proposals to regulate by statute the internal democratic arrangements of trade unions, this article examines the origins of the debate, the case for legislative intervention, the actual proposals and their wider implications.     

Fragmentation in simple trade models

This paper examines the effects of “fragmentation,” defined as the splitting of a production process into two or more steps that can be undertaken in different locations but that lead to the same final product. Introducing the possibility of fragmentation into simple theoretical models of international trade, the paper finds the effects of fragmentation on national welfare, on patterns of specialization and trade, and on factor prices. Models examined include the Ricardian Model and the Heckscher-Ohlin Model, both for small open economies and for a two-country world. Results are as follows: 1. If fragmentation does not change the prices of goods, then it must increase the value of output of any country where it occurs and that of the world. 2. If fragmentation does change prices, then fragmentation can lower the welfare of a country by turning its terms of trade against it. 3. Even in a country that gains from fragmentation, it is possible (but not necessary) that some factor owners within that country will lose. 4. To the extent that factor prices are not equalized internationally in the absence of fragmentation, fragmentation may be a force toward factor price equalization.     

Unity eludes Africa's trade unions

Until the founding of the OATUU in 1973 African trade unionists had had little experience in working together. This article explores the background of efforts towards unity and analyses the current crisis in Africa.*     

A filtered currency carry trade

In this paper, we document that the predictive capacity of forward discounts on future currency returns not only differs across currencies but also persists. We then propose a new currency carry trade strategy that relies on the differential predictive capacity of forward discounts. We find that the new strategy offers a significant amount of profit improvement over the conventional currency carry trade strategy. We also find that emerging market currencies provide relatively large profit opportunities. While both strategies show decreasing carry trade profits as FX markets get volatile, the relative outperformance of the new carry trade strategy tends to be found in stable periods but disappears in volatile periods. The superiority of the new carry trade relative to the conventional carry trade is robust to various specification changes.