Industrial organization in a restructuring socialist economy: Evidence from Bulgaria

Using new data for all state and cooperatively-owned Bulgarian establishments and enterprises in 1988 and 1989 we portray key aspects of Bulgarian industrial organization. During 1988–89: state ownership became less dominant; there was an abrupt reversal in the twenty year trend towards bigger economic units; more than half of the largest firms were concentrated in certain sectors, notably engineering and construction; using official prices, only about 10% of enterprises made losses. These data and other new data for manufacturing products enable calculation of diverse measures of market structure as this may evolve under the policies introduced in 1991. Indices of market concentration typically show substantial concentration; usually about 50% of manufacturing output was produced in potentially competitive environments. While estimates of minimum efficient scale imply that MES does not constitute a significant barrier to entry for new competitors, the underdeveloped nature of the Bulgarian capital market probably greatly restricted entry.     

信任和学习对供应链竞争力的影响——基于中国汽摩配件产业的实证研究

本文运用供应链管理框架并结合战略文献,探索了中国汽摩配件产业中企业间的学习、信任以及供应链竞争力之间的关系。通过对长江三角洲地区81家汽摩配件制造企业的实证研究,本文构建了供应链战略关系的模型。该模型不仅可以很好地解释零配件制造企业如何成功地从契约、协议的范式转变到网络及创新的范式,也从信任和学习的角度解释了不同组合程度对供应链竞争力的影响。     

To Trust or to Control: Informal Value Transfer Systems and Computational Analysis in Institutional Economics

This article illustrates the usefulness of computational methods for the investigation of institutions. As an example, we use a computational agent-based model to study the role of general trust and social control in informal value transfer systems (IVTS). We find that the terms of interaction between general trust and social control have an impact on how IVTS work, become stable, and prove highly effective. The case shows how computational models may help (i) to operationalize institutional theory and to clarify the functioning of institutions; (ii) to test the logical consistency of alternative hypotheses about institutions; and (iii) to relate institutionalist theory with other paradigms and to practice an interested pluralism.     

由信托财产的独立性看信托公示登记制度

信托是从英美法系中移植到大陆法系中,由于各国文化和法律传统存在差异,对“信托”的描述和规定也有所不同,但都没有脱离信托财产独立性的基本理念。建立信托公示登记制度,既是信托财产独立性的必然要求,也是信托物权特性的必然体现。我国应考虑对有关信托公示登记的规定进行修正,以期既符合我国国情,又能与国际接轨。     

FDI的水平与垂直溢出效应——以长三角二省一市为例

利用2000—2007年长三角地区两省一市27个制造业细分行业的面板数据,实证检验了FDI对内资企业的水平溢出、后向溢出和前向溢出效应,分别就FDI对长三角地区整体和江苏、浙江和上海不同地理单元的27个制造业整体及不同类型组(高、中、低技术产业组)的溢出效应进行实证检验。结果显示,长三角地区、江苏、浙江和上海的FDI都对内资企业具有正的后向溢出效应和负的前向溢出效应,江苏和浙江的FDI的水平溢出效应为正,上海的FDI的水平溢出效应为负。     

产业集群内企业间信任机制的转变：从关系型信任到制度型信任——来自珠江三角洲产业集群的经验

产业集群内企业间的信任是集群存在和发展的基础。珠江三角洲地区产业集群内信任机制经历了从重人情向重制度的演变。基于组织层面的视角,本研究提出了产业集群内信任的四种形成机制,包括关系机制、过程机制、商誉机制和制度机制。珠江三角洲特殊的信任文化造就了家族企业,而关系型信任却制约着家族企业,影响产业集群的升级。本文从信任的角度分析了珠江三角洲家族企业“只大不强”的原因,指出信任扩展对家族企业的创新发展和产业升级至关重要,并从实践的角度对产业集群建构信任提出建议。     

Reproducing the Firm: Routines,Networks, and Identity

Firm survival or reproduction does not occur as a matter of course. Especially under circumstances in which uncertainty and equivocality prevail is firm reproduction potentially problematic. Uncertainty prevails when there is insufficient or inadequate information to assess a situation, equivocality when the information available is multiinterpretable. Firm routines, social networks in a firm, and an organization’s identity can explain how a firm reproduces. We offer suggestions as to which of these will contribute to firm reproduction under what circumstances.     

职业经理人组织信任与其离职倾向的关系——基于人口统计学特征的经验检验

通过对326个有效样本进行统计分析,探究了不同性别、不同学历层次和不同婚姻状况的职业经理人的组织信任与其离职倾向之间的关系。结果显示:职业经理人的组织信任与其离职倾向均显著负相关;就两者的作用机理而言,工作满意度在学历层次为非本科的职业经理人的组织信任与其离职倾向的关系中未发挥中介作用;就职业经理人离职倾向对其组织信任和工作满意度变化的敏感程度而言,男性比女性更敏感,本科学历的比非本科学历的更敏感。     

Trust, Reciprocity, and Social History: A Re-examination

Berg et al. (Games and Economic Behavior, 10, pp. 122–142, 1995) study trust and reciprocity in an investment setting. They find significant amounts of trust and reciprocity and conclude that trust is a guiding behavioral instinct (a primitive in their terminology). We modify the way information is presented to participants and, through a questionnaire, prompt strategic reasoning. To our surprise, none of our various treatments led to a reduction in the amount invested. Previously reported experimental results to the contrary did not survive replication. Our results suggest that those by Berg, Dickhaut, and McCabe are rather robust to changes in information presentation and strategic reasoning prompts. We discuss the implications of these findings.     

声誉、债务与会计稳健性——信任视角的一项经验研究

文章从信任的角度研究了公司声誉如何影响债务契约对会计稳健性的要求。声誉较好的债务人能够赢得债权人的信任,从而降低债务契约对会计稳健性的要求。文章运用我国上市公司的数据,采用三种声誉度量方法,实证检验发现债务水平对会计稳健性有正向影响,债务人的良好声誉能够降低这种正向影响。文章以信任概念为基础整合了声誉和会计稳健性的理论关系,拓展了财务会计研究的视野,并为声誉对法律的替代作用提供了新的经验证据。     

Success in soccer and economic performance: Evidence from beŞİktaŞ-Turkey

This paper investigates the connection between Turkish industrial production growth and the success of Beşiktaş, which is a popular Turkish soccer team. The empirical evidence provided in the paper suggests that industrial production growth tends to increase with the success of Beşiktaş in European cups. Moreover, if the winnings are in displacement, the increase in industrial production is higher than if the winnings are in the home field. On the other hand, findings on the effects of domestic games on industrial performance are not statistically significant. All the views expressed in this paper belong to the authors and do not represent the views of the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey or its staff. Beşiktaş, established in 1903, is one of the most popular soccer teams in Turkey. Detailed information about the team can be reached at http://www.besiktasjk.com     

公共资源与社会信任:以义务教育为例

已有文献表明,社会信任对于一国的经济社会发展具有重要意义。但是,近年来我国居民的社会信任水平一直处于较低水平,引起了学界的广泛关注。与以往解释不同,我们首次尝试从公共资源的匮乏及对其争夺的角度来解释此现象。以义务教育为例,我们使用2003年和2010年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,对此问题进行了详细分析。研究结果表明,公共资源供给不足会导致人们之间的不信任程度加剧,且对于争夺中处于较弱势地位的群体来说这种效应表现得更为明显。这表明,提高公共资源的供给水平,完善公共资源的分配规则以解决教育难等民生问题,是提升我国居民社会信任水平,特别是提升弱势群体的社会信任水平的有效途径。     

关于信任的博弈分析——基于个体的自利理性和社会理性

信任的根本在于不完全信息和有限理性,信任是个体弥补自己理性不足的一种策略.所以,信任分析无法在个体的自利理性下完成,需要扩展个体理性的范畴.将个体理性扩展为自利理性和社会理性,利用理性的这种二元特性,重新解释了两个具有代表性的博弈模型--蜈蚣博弈和信任博弈.这不但对信任问题提出了一种新的分析框架,而且还解决了博弈分析的困境.这说明,对个体理性的扩展是合适的,个体的社会理性是经济学不可忽视的一部分.     

农业一体化中合作社不可或缺的原因——一个新制度经济学和博弈论角度的理论与案例分析

从新制度经济学和博弈论的角度来看,农业一体化中农民专业合作社不可缺少,不仅具有理论原因,而且也通过实际调研得到的案例对其进行了证实。发现农民专业合作社可以大量减少交易费用和避免内部机会主义行为的发生;还可以解决无合作社参与的农业一体化过程中出现的公司与农户之间利润分配、技术供给和市场风险等方面的矛盾,进而得出了合作社是农业一体化过程中重要主体的结论。     

Economic Integration in the Caribbean Community: A Problem of Institutional Adjustment

Law and the economy co-evolve. John R. Commons demonstrated this co-evolution in the transformation of the legal definition of property from physical property to intangible property or the exchange-value of anything realized through transactions. Reasonable transactions required informed participation by parties. The "fetish of liquidity" in the secondary mortgage market fostered by federal laws, favoring mortgage-backed securities, converted the transaction into intangible property. The debtor was no longer the customer of the bank but an obligor to nameless investors uninterested in his/her community. The secondary mortgage market deviated from Commons's standard for reasonable transactions because investors and home buyers were ignorant of the rights, duties, liberties, and exposures of the transactions. We examine the economic outcomes produced by these legal changes in Nevada, and the endogenous forces ignited by these practices in terms of foreclosures and failing communities.     

垂直专业化与研发投入——来自中国高技术产业的经验证据

文章利用1995-2010年中国高技术产业细分行业的面板数据,在考虑新产品需求、市场化进程等因素的情况下,实证分析了垂直专业化对研发投入的影响及其行业差异。研究结果显示,垂直专业化对我国高技术产业的研发资本投入和研发人力投入均具有正向促进作用,而且入世后这种促进作用更大;垂直专业化对研发投入的影响存在行业差异性,在垄断程度较低、技术密集度较高和外向度较高的行业中,垂直专业化对研发投入的促进作用更加显著。     

Misaligned Expectations and Non-Cooperative Behavior in Indian Microfinance: Evidence from a Survey

This study examined the causalities of non-performance of self-help groups (SHGs) in the context of polarised institutional expectations in the microfinance ecosystem in India. Institutional approach and stakeholder approach were followed for the investigation. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and semi-structured interviews (SIs) were conducted to collect data from various institutional stakeholders. It was found that the institutional expectations of each institution from other institutions in the microfinance ecosystem were polarized, misaligned and were antagonistic in nature. Institutional behaviours were governed by their expectations from the microfinance ecosystem. Therefore, the polarized and antagonistic expectations created non-cooperative behaviours and attitudes in the key institutions, which further created a weak performance of the microfinance programs.     

Attitude Sophistication and Effective Teaching in Economics

Little attention has been given to the measurement of changes in attitudes and beliefs resulting from instruction in economics. This deficiency is met by Mann and Fusfeld who relate attitude changes to growth in students' knowledge (cognition) and to characteristics of both students and instructors. The findings from this research suggest a conflict among the goals of instruction. They also imply greater persistence of changes in attitude than of changes in knowledge.     

我国农村土地保护机制的缺陷与土地保护信托机制创新研究

我国现有农村土地保护机制具有政府政策保护的唯一性和政策执行的不完全性．缺乏市场化、多元化、社会化保护机制的配合，由此需要对农村土地保护机制进行创新。农村土地保护信托机制是通过农村土地保护信托模式的设计．使农村微观经济主体成为农村土地保护的直接受益者，从而引导农村微观经济主体出于对自身利益最大化的关心而自觉地珍惜和爱护土地．努力改进农地利用方式，提高农地利用效率，促进农地可持续利用。