台湾中小企业对外直接投资的发展及启示

中小企业作为一个国家和地区经济发展、科技进步的重要力量，已经得到当今世界许多国家和地区的高度重视。我国台湾地区经济腾飞的一个重要经验，就是十分重视和扶持中小企业的发展，尤其在进行对外直接投资中，取得了很大的成功。文章对台湾地区中小企业对外直接投资的特点，列举了其对外直接投资的成功经验，对于加快我国中小企业的发展具有重要的现实意义。     

入世后我国民营中小企业对外直接投资的

我国入世为企业进入WTO的成员国家或地区进行对外直接投资提供了法律保证和新的机遇，我国民营中小企业在“走出去”战略的指导下，正在逐渐成为我国对外直接投资的主要力量。本文主要分析了我国民营中小企业对外直接投资的障碍，并提出跨越障碍的主要对策。     

我国中小企业海外投资现状及对策研究

中小企业在我国国民经济中占有重要地位,在经济全球化的今天,中小企业对外直接投资应迅速发展,但长期以来,大型跨国公司始终是我国对外直接投资关注的焦点。本文针对我国小企业对外直接投资的现状,分析了我国中小企业对外直接投资的理论基础和现实可行性,进而提出了促进我国中小企业对外直接投资的对策。     

我国中小企业对外直接投资对策研究

改革开放以来,我国中小企业取得了长足发展,已经成为国民经济的重要支撑力量。随着经济全球化的发展,国际分工的日益加深,我国中小企业有了更多从事跨国经营的机会。文章分析了我国中小企业对外直接投资的现状,通过对我国中小企业对外直接投资优劣势的分析,提出了促进我国中小企业对外直接投资发展的对策与建议。     

论中小企业在我国对外直接投资中的地位

随着经济全球化步伐的加快,对外直接投资在世界经济中的作用越来越突出。我国企业的对外直接投资也备受关注。本文通过对我国国有大企业与中小企业的跨国直接投资进行比较研究,说明中小企业在我国对外直接投资中具有不可替代的重要地位。在此基础上,结合目前我国中小企业对外直接投资的现状和现有政策倾向,提出若干政策建议。     

中小企业对外直接投资的制约因素与政策建议

中小企业对中国经济的发展做出了突出的贡献。面对越来越激烈的国际市场竞争以及中国加入世贸组织,中小企业如何"走出去",开展对外直接投资,是摆在中小企业面前的一个不可回避的问题。文章分析了影响中小企业对外直接投资制约因素,并由此提出了加强我国中小企业对外投资的对策。     

论我国中小企业对外直接投资的可行性

中小企业的对外直接投资在世界范围内突飞猛进,但长期以来我国对外直接投资研究的焦点始终是大企业。在竞争全球化的背景下,更应关注中小企业的对外直接投资。从我国中小企业对外直接投资的动因、现状出发,并从理论和实践两方面,对我国中小企业对外直接投资的可行性进行分析,进而提出相应建议。     

中小企业投资德国东部的可能性分析

随着我国经济的快速发展以及对外开放步伐的加快,我国中小企业将采取“走出去的”策略迎接挑战。德国是一个中小企业特别发达的国家,德国东部地区推出的各种吸引中小企业投资的优惠措施以及各种对外投资策略,使我国中小企业投资德国东部的可能性日见明显。     

中小企业对外直接投资问题探讨

本文通过对我国中小企业对外投资的主要特征及制约因素的分析,提出了促进我国中小企业对外直接投资发展的对策与建议。     

固定效应模型下中国对外直接投资的影响因素分析

本文利用2003—2013年33个国家和地区的面板数据对我国对外直接投资的影响因素进行了计量分析,通过使用Ward聚类分析法将这些国家和地区划分为3类:发达国家和地区、资源禀赋型发展中国家、经济增长较快的发展中国家,对这3类国家和地区分别进行回归。研究结果表明,我国对外直接投资具有较强的资源寻求型动机,我国对发达国家的对外直接投资与其市场规模具有显著的负向关系,同时我国对东道国的出口与我国对该国的直接投资有较为显著的正向关系,与出口的关系则较为微弱,人民币的升值和东道国对待外资的欢迎态度以及我国对东道国的贸易顺差,可以有效地促进我国的对外直接投资。     

The Determinants of the Location of Foreign Direct Investment by Japanese Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

Japanese manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have actively undertaken Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Asia since the mid-1980s. FDI contributes to economic growth of the FDI recipient countries, as it brings in not only financial resources for investment but also technologies and managerial know-how, which are important factors for promoting economic growth. Recognizing these benefits of receiving FDI, policy makers in developing countries have formulated various strategies to attract FDI. This paper examines the factors in the host countries that would attract FDI by Japanese SMEs. Our results show the importance of both supply-side and demand-side factors in the recipient countries for attracting FDI by Japanese SMEs. Supply-side factors include abundance of low-wage labor, availability of well-developed infrastructure, and good governance of the host government, while an important demand-side factor is the presence of sizable local market. In addition, Japanese SMEs regard industrial agglomeration, which has a element of both supply and demand factors, as an important factors making FDI decision. Supply-side factors are found to be important for attracting Japanese FDI in developing countries, while demand-factors play a role in attracting Japanese FDI in developed countries. A comparison of the results for SMEs to those for large firms reveals that SMEs are more sensitive to the conditions in the host countries in making their FDI decision. In particular, SMEs regard the availability of low-wage labor, well-developed infrastructure, and industrial agglomeration as important elements much more than large firms. High sensitivity of SMEs to local economic conditions in their decision on FDI location may be explained by their limited availability of financial and human resources and high dependence on overseas production in their business. In light of these findings, we conclude that countries interested in hosting FDI have to provide a very attractive business environment.     

A Dynamic Decision Model of SMEs' FDI

Many scholars generally believe that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in comparison to large firms are at a disadvantage in foreign direct investment (FDI). However, new evidence suggests that SMEs also play an important role in FDI. Why do they undertake risk in other countries? We are interested in what factors significantly motivate them to go abroad. Taiwan's SMEs play a vital role in her economic development and outward FDI, and this study therefore focuses on the outward FDI of Taiwan's SMEs. We apply the hazard rate approach to perform an empirical analysis, taking into consideration the conditional probability of the element of time. Among SMEs, the lower the degree of "capital intensities," the larger the "firm sizes," the higher the "export ratios," or the larger the level of "R&;D intensities" are, the greater the intention will be to undergo FDI. The major factors motivating Taiwanese SMEs to conduct FDI in recent years are "utilizing local labor," "expanding markets," and "following major clients."

     

基于金融发展视角下的FDI与经济增长研究综述

众多的决策者与学者相信外商直接投资（FDI）有利于促进东道国的经济增长。但是实证研究结果却表明,FDI的经济增长效应在许多发展中国家却并不明确,主要原因在于FDI效应受到东道国自身环境和条件（即吸收能力）的制约。东道国的金融发展主要通过人力资本效应、技术创新效应、产业关联效应以及市场环境优化效应等机制对FDI与经济增长的关系产生影响。金融发展已经成为东道国FDI效应有效发挥的核心要素。也是未来FDI研究的一个重要的新方向。     

浅析融资租赁在促进中小企业发展中的作用

无论在发达国家还是发展中国家,中小企业在促进经济发展、技术创新、增加税收、创造就业等方面都扮演了越来越重要的角色。然而,近几年国际金融形势动荡。经济下行压力增大,国内银根紧缩银行信贷规模受限,致使中小企业的发展遇到诸多困难。融资租赁作为一种新型的融资工具,以其门槛低、交易灵活、期限长等特点和优势,在提供融资、促进技术改造、优化资本机构、促进销售等方面为中小企业的发展起到重要的促进作用．越来越受到中小企业的重视。     

Technical Efficiency and Location Choice of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

We establish a theoretical model to explain the relationship between the regional technical efficiencies and production location choice. A higher regional technical efficiency level attracts foreign direct investment (FDI) and offsets the adverse effects of a high wage rate and setup cost. Data from Taiwan's SMEs during the period 1989–1996 are collected. Observations are classified into three exclusive and exhaustive groups: SMEs without FDI, SMEs with FDI in mainland China, and SMEs with FDI in other countries. We then apply the multi-logit model to test the relationship between the technical efficiency and FDI location choice. Taiwan's SMEs with higher technical efficiencies are less likely to invest in mainland China. Technical efficiencies do not significantly influence the location choice between Taiwan and other countries. The wage rate is a significant motive for SMEs to invest internationally, while the setup cost is not an important factor to affect firms' location choices.     

Global value chain linkages: An integrative review of the opportunities and challenges for SMEs in developing countries

This study reviews the literature on the challenges and opportunities of the global value chain (GVC) participation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries. A three-step approach to the literature review is used for synthesizing the relevant research works. In the end, we retain that SMEs are drivers of economic growth and despite the many challenges they face, the opportunity for developing country SMEs to benefit from their GVC linkages does exist, notably the high-quality information that they would otherwise not have access to. However there are necessary preconditions, resources and strategies that need to be put together to ensure the successful integration and growth (upgrading) of these SMEs within GVCs. The findings and proposed model contribute to enrich existing GVC research and offer a theoretical guide for possible practical measures to be adopted by SMEs and governments in developing countries.     

Foreign Direct Investment Inflows,Economic Growth,and Trade Balances: The Experience of the New Members of the European Union

The study examines the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth and trade balances of 10 emerging economies in Europe before they joined the European Union. This article uses the Granger causality test to investigate the link between FDI inflows and economic growth for the countries under study. The findings show that gross domestic product growth has a unilateral Granger-cause on FDI inflows for 9 of 10 emerging European economies. However, the results did not show FDI inflows Granger-causing the changes in economic growth of any of the 10 countries. Furthermore, FDI inflows had no or negative effects on trade balances of the majority of the emerging European nations. The policy implications of this study are that host governments in emerging economies must carefully evaluate spillover effects of FDI inflows on their economies before offering significant incentive packages to lure multinational enterprises into their countries.     

BOOK REVIEW

Using panel data methods to analyze data from 14 Latin American countries from 1978 to 2003, this paper empirically examines the links between foreign direct investment (FDI), local conditions, and economic growth. The results suggest that FDI plays an important role in contributing to economic growth. However, the effect of FDI on economic growth is dependent on host economy–based conditions. The empirical results from this study show that there is a positive interaction effect of FDI with technology gap and a negative interaction effect of FDI with the level of school attainment on economic growth. Furthermore, the empirical results from the FDI equation suggest that inflation, trade, school attainment, and telephone lines are the most determinant of location decisions for foreign investors. To explore the relationship between FDI and economic growth further, this paper examines Granger-causality between FDI and economic growth. Our empirical evidence shows that the direction of causality is from economic growth to FDI and not the reverse for Asian countries. Therefore, the causal link between FDI and economic growth is unidirectional. We also provide evidence that the link between FDI and economic growth is bidirectional for Latin American countries, which indicates that economic growth initially could attract more FDI, which, in turn, would then result in accelerated economic growth.     

Foreign direct investment location choice of small- and medium-sized enterprises: The risk of value erosion of firm-specific resources

Drawing on the resource-based view and FDI theory, the present study introduces the risk of value erosion as a core concept to explain the moderating effect of SMEs’ resources (knowledge intensity and international experience) on the relationship between motives (market seeking, resource seeking, strategic asset seeking) and FDI location choice (developed countries vs. developing countries). Testing our theoretical predictions on survey data obtained from 100 German SMEs, our results indicate that knowledge intensity and international experience significantly influence the relationship between motives and SMEs’ FDI location choice. Adding this perspective, we provide an enhanced understanding of SMEs’ FDI location choice and beyond.