公众环境关注度促进了绿色金融发展吗？——来自中国284个城市的经验证据

基于2011—2019年中国284个城市的面板数据,实证检验了公众环境关注度对绿色金融发展的影响。研究结果表明,公众环境关注度对绿色金融发展存在显著正向影响,这一结论在经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。传导机制检验表明,公众环境关注度促进政府提高环境规制强度,进而推动绿色金融发展。调节性效应检验表明,地区经济发展水平、地区绿色创新水平能够正向调节公众环境关注度对绿色金融的正向影响。异质性检验表明,在中西部地区、教育水平较高、污染排放量较高、环境信息公开的地区,公众环境关注度对绿色金融的促进作用更加显著。推进绿色金融发展必须激发公众对环境的关注,完善公众参与机制,提升绿色创新水平,制定差异化发展战略。     

Does high-speed railway promote urban innovation? Evidence from China

Empirical discussion in the existing literature on the relationship between transportation infrastructure and innovation remains limited. As one of the most important transport infrastructures, China's high-speed railway (HSR) has greatly compressed the space-time distance and strengthened the linkages between cities, which may contribute to innovation activities. Using the panel data of 285 Chinese prefecture-level and above cities and employing the difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper examines the impact of HSR opening and HSR service intensity on the urban innovation. Propensity score matching (PSM) together with DID (PSM-DID) method is utilized to address the potential estimation biases. The empirical results demonstrate that HSR has significantly improved the level of urban innovation. Heterogeneity analysis finds that the promotion effects of HSR on innovation are more remarkable in peripheral and small cities. Moreover, the effects of HSR on cities far away from the central and large cities are with higher significance and greater magnitude than cities close to central and large cities. For cities near central and large cities, the service intensity of HSR is more likely to improve their innovation level. In addition, we further find that service industries and private enterprises benefit more from the effect of HSR in promoting innovation. This study can provide robust evidence for the effect of HSR on promoting urban innovation, as well as policy enlightenment for innovation growth and sustainable economic development.     

The economic consequences of environmental regulation in China: From a perspective of the environmental protection admonishing talk policy

Environmental regulation may lead to undesired economic consequences. China has tightened its environmental policies to deal with severe environmental pollution in recent years, but existing studies pay little attention to the economic consequences of China's environmental policies. Using the panel data of 211 prefecture‐level and above cities in China from 2003 to 2016, we for the first time estimate the economic impact of the environmental protection admonishing talk (EPAT) policy, a newly implemented environmental regulation policy in China. We use the difference‐in‐differences strategy to identify the economic effects of the EPAT policy combined with the propensity score matching method to control a potential selection problem. The results show that a relative decline occurs in gross domestic product per capita in target cities after the implementation of the EPAT, and the negative impact is exerted on the secondary industry rather than the tertiary industry. Furthermore, we find that target cities respond to the environmental protection requirements of higher authorities through a one‐size‐fits‐all approach of limiting the production activities of industrial enterprises. Meanwhile, the EPAT policy does not improve environmental efficiency. Such findings are instructive for policymakers who need to trade off economic welfare and environmental quality when formulating and implementing new environmental policies.     

Investigating the role of emissions trading policy to reduce emissions and improve the efficiency of industrial green innovation

Rapid economic development usually leads to serious environmental pollution problems. In order to solve the problem of pollutant emission in sustainable industrial development, it is urgent to examine the implementation effect of emissions trading policy (ETP) and its impact on green industrial development. This study adopts China's ETP as a case study and selects provincial panel data from 2004 to 2018. We first use a non-radial, non-directed, slack-based measure-directional distance function (SBM-DDF) to measure industrial green innovation efficiency. Then we use a difference in differences (DID) model to empirically test the emissions reduction effect of China's policy and whether it promotes industrial green innovation. Thereafter, results show that: (1) the ETP reduces sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emissions indicating the effectiveness of the policy; (2) the policy significantly improves industrial green innovation efficiency, meaning it promotes the sustainable development of the economy; (3) heterogeneity analysis highlights that ETP produces greater benefits for the most polluted regions of China which have more strict environmental regulations. The study examines the effect of emissions trading policy implementation from a new perspective. The study also provides a reference point for China to further refine its policy mechanisms and for other countries to formulate suitable ETP.     

制造业与生产性服务业协同集聚能否提升城市专利质量？

产业协同集聚与融合发展已成为带动地区创新发展的重要手段。研究测度了制造业与生产性服务业协同集聚度与城市专利质量水平,并实证检验了协同集聚带来的城市专利质量提升效应及其影响机制,结果表明：制造业与生产性服务业协同集聚能提升城市专利质量水平。产业协同集聚是促进地区创新的空间前提条件。主要影响机制的探讨表明,知识外部性溢出与分工深化是导致城市专利质量提升的主要中介渠道,但创新成果转化加速的中介提升机制尚不明晰。分地区看,相比于欠发达地区,发达地区产业协同集聚更能促进城市专利质量提升;分行业看,制造业与金融业、科研综合技术服务业、水利环境和公共设施管理业的协同集聚所带来的城市专利质量提升效应更加明显。目前中国整体上制造业与生产性服务业协同集聚存在的不充分、不平衡发展的问题是促进城市专利质量提升的主要障碍。     

城市群技术创新与经济增长效率的时空分异研究——以成都城市群为例

城市群区域协同发展格局对城市群整体创新绩效有着较为深刻的影响。本文基于协同共生的视角,以两阶段网络DEA为分析方法,以成都城市群为例,对城市群技术创新与经济增长两阶段动态效率进行实证分析,发现城市群技术创新与经济增长两阶段效率值的时空分异特征明显。时间上:在虹吸效应与涓滴效应的交互作用下,中心城市与成员城市的效率差呈现先扩大后缩小的趋势;空间上:呈现南北高,东西低的态势,并符合地理邻近、技术邻近以及制度邻近的发展规律。研究发现,经济增长产出阶段是创新效率提升的瓶颈,鉴于此,未来城市群发展需着力于政策协同、资源协同、空间协同,提高创新一体化程度,从而形成区域创新的整体规模效应。     

Green innovation and SO2 emissions: Dynamic threshold effect of human capital

Green innovation is an effective path to decrease environmental pollutions. It is of immense interest to evaluate the roles of green innovation on SO₂ emissions reduction. We also investigate the static and dynamic threshold effect of human capital in the impacting paths of different innovations on SO₂ emissions. The empirical results show that the design patent increases SO₂ emissions while the development of utility patent can decrease SO₂ emissions based on the static analysis and dynamic analysis. Both the “pollution halo” and the “pollution heaven” hypotheses of foreign direct investment (FDI) are validated in China. Moreover, green innovation positively affects SO₂ emission reduction based on the System Generalized Method of Moment (SYS-GMM) estimation. Both static and dynamic panel threshold regression results reveal that the positive effects of different innovations will become larger when human capital exceeds the corresponding threshold values. Hence, it is important to enhance green human capital.     

中国城市软实力对住房价格的影响——基于主成分分析法和面板数据模型

在采用主成分分析法合成软实力综合指标构建了两阶段回归模型,运用面板数据GMM估计方法就软实力对房价的影响进行估计后发现,中国35个大中城市的软实力对城市房价均具有显著的正向作用,且这种影响从东部到西部呈现出逐渐减弱的态势。也就是说,在全国范围内,城市软实力对房价均具有显著的正向影响,且不同地区的城市软实力对房价的作用程度有所差别。由此可见,城市的人文社会因素、生态环境质量、交通区位条件对城市商品房价格的影响较为显著,对城市软实力的日益重视决定着中国城市人口的居住选择。     

经济发展对城市基建和外商投资的创新门槛效应研究

创新是引领城市经济高质量发展的核心引擎之一,基于2003—2018年间中国271个地级及以上城市的面板数据,以经济发展程度为门槛变量着重考察基础设施建设和外商投资对城市创新活动的非线性影响机制以及城市间的空间溢出效应。研究结果表明,基础设施建设和外商投资对城市创新都具有经济发展的双门槛效应,当经济发展程度达到第一个门槛值时,才会显著促使城市创新产出的提升。当经济发展程度跨越第二个门槛值时,会进一步增加城市的创新产。城市间的创新活动具有明显的空间依赖性,对于经济发展程度差距较大的城市之间,基础设施建设显著增强创新溢出效应。     

长三角地区智慧城市建设对城市创新能力影响

为了探究长三角地区智慧城市建设对城市创新能力发展的影响,通过构建智慧城市建设评价体系,从智慧民生、城市治理、经济发展三个方面建设创建城市创新评价指标。使用Stata计量软件,建立多元回归模型对变量卫生机构数、社会消费品零售总额、绿化覆盖面积、污水处理量、城镇人均可支配收入、第三产业增加值对城市创新能力的实证检验。结果表明,第三产业增加值和社会消费品零售总额对城市创新有正向的促进作用,城镇人均可支配收入对城市创新的系数为负,卫生机构数、绿化覆盖面积、污水处理量对城市创新表现不明显。研究表明:长三角地区智慧城市建设对城市创新能力有明显的促进作用。最后根据研究结果提出合理的建议。     

政府环境审计、注意力配置与国有企业绿色创新质量

基于2005—2020年中国沪深A股国有上市公司样本,探讨了政府环境审计对国有企业绿色创新质量的影响及作用机理。研究结果表明,政府环境审计能够显著提升国有企业绿色创新质量,且该结论在克服内生性等问题后依然成立。作用机制分析发现,提升企业及政府层面的环境注意力强度与环境注意力持续性是政府环境审计提升国有企业绿色创新质量的关键路径。进一步分析发现,企业微观特征与政府宏观调控会影响政府环境审计提高国有企业绿色创新质量的作用效果。具体来看,当企业拥有较多环保背景高管、环境责任履行更积极时,政府环境审计对国有企业绿色创新质量的正向影响更为明显;若政府干预较少且给予企业较多的补贴,则政府环境审计能够更有效地激励国有企业进行高质量绿色创新活动。此外,在政府环境审计的支持下,高质量的绿色创新能够更好地提升国有企业绿色全要素生产率,为发展绿色低碳经济创造条件。     

“十四五”时期我国区域协调与绿色融合发展研究

近年来,我国坚持区域协调和绿色发展理念,区域协调取得一定成果,生态环境持续改善。“十四五”时期也将是我国实现区域协调和绿色发展的攻坚期。区域协调是绿色发展的前提,而绿色发展则是区域协调的高级形态。实现区域协调和绿色发展,是我国在新的历史时期实施体制机制创新的需要,实现共同富裕的理论需要,更是可持续发展的现实需要。要顺利实现区域协调和绿色融合发展,需要推动主体功能区发展,推动城市协调发展,实施绿色发展战略。重点是提升核心城市群人才集聚能力,破解经济增长与环境保护的两难困境;把握全球化发展的新历史机遇,实现产业结构优化和经济可持续发展;完善产权制度和生态补偿机制,探索区域协调和绿色融合发展新路径。     

Impact of high-speed railway on urban resilience in China: Does urban innovation matter?

Based on calculating the urban resilience index from five aspects of economy, society, institutions, infrastructure, and ecology by adopting the entropy method, this study applies the time-varying DID model to systematically examine HSR's impact on China's urban resilience, on basis of which its heterogeneities and the mediating effect of urban innovation are also quantified. The findings reveal that: (1) HSR can significantly promote China's urban resilience, as supported by various robustness tests. (2) HSR can significantly improve economic and institution resilience of cities, but does not play a significant role on social resilience and infrastructure resilience, and has a negative effect on ecological resilience. (3) The driving effects of HSR on the resilience of core cities, large cities, and non-resource-based cities are more significant. (4) Urban innovation is an important channel through which HSR impacts urban resilience. The conclusions of this study can offer useful insights for China's future HSR planning and resilient cities construction.     

新冠肺炎疫情对粤港澳大湾区城市群创新网络的冲击路径及应对策略

创新对疫后经济高质量恢复至关重要,但鲜有文献分析突发事件对跨地区合作创新网络的影响路径。本文将社会网络分析的节点影响力方法应用于创新网络冲击分析,使用联合申请专利数据,研究了新冠肺炎疫情对粤港澳大湾区合作创新网络的影响路径。研究发现:创新网络中的高链接节点、高频节点、高紧密度节点和高外向度节点更容易受到冲击,冲击对于合作创新的两城市影响具有显著的不对称性,冲击通过具有中介中心属性的热点节点城市影响网络边缘城市。据此,本文建议:率先稳定和恢复高热度节点城市创新活动,提高城市之间合作创新活动恢复的协同度,加快城市群创新网络的恢复和重构,针对不同节点城市实施差异化的创新激励政策。     

外来人口社会融合与中国城市创新

构建社会融合综合指标以及经济、心理、行为、身份各个融合分指标,建立联立方程研究外来人口社会融合对城市创新的影响。结果表明：社会融合和城镇化水平的提升并没有提高城市创新能力,只有建立在社会融合基础上的城镇化才能促进城市创新水平的提升;经济融合、社会融合、文化和行为融合并没有带来城市创新能力的提升,脱离社会融合的城镇化水平对城市创新的影响为负,但城镇化和社会融合四个维度的交互项对城市创新水平的影响为正;人力资本水平和城市规模以及两个变量与社会融合的交互项都有助于提升城市创新水平,说明在相同的社会融合水平下,人力资本水平越高的群体对城市创新能力的影响越大;与中小城市相比,在特大和超大城市中社会融合水平的提升对城市创新能力的影响更大。     

Rent-seeking,promotion pressure and green economic efficiency: Evidence from China

Focusing on the quality and sustainability of urban economic development and using a panel dataset of 263 cities in China from 2004 to 2015, this paper regards each city as a production unit and uses the Epsilon-Based Measure approach to measure green economic efficiency by innovatively regarding labor, capital, land and energy as input factors, GDP as a desirable output, and environmental pollution emissions and land finance as undesirable outputs. Further, this paper examines the effect of rent-seeking on green economic efficiency with a fixed effects model and explores the role of promotion pressure in the relationship between rent-seeking and green economic efficiency with a panel threshold model. Our study finds that: (1) Rent-seeking exerts a significant negative impact on green economic efficiency. (2) Compared to areas of higher promotion pressure, the negative effect of rent-seeking on green economic efficiency is greater in areas facing lower promotion pressure. (3) The relationship among promotion pressure, rent-seeking and green economic efficiency differs in areas facing different “green” promotion pressure.     

How does the development of urban agglomeration affect the electricity efficiency of resource-based cities?—An empirical research based on the fsQCA method

Urban agglomeration impacts the electricity efficiency of resource-based cities. Under the background, the paths that lead to high level electricity efficiency are not clear. Therefore, it is difficult to guide the socio-economic planning. This paper assumes that the influence of urban agglomeration includes agglomeration and diffusion effect. Then, this paper uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to explore the paths lead to high-level electricity efficiency. The process includes the measurement of electricity efficiency, the selection and quantification of action conditions, and path analysis. Four main conclusions are obtained. First, the positive impact of urban agglomeration on the electricity efficiency of resource-based cities is achieved through the optimal allocation of regional resources. Second, compared with the paths under diffusion effect, the paths under agglomeration effect are more diversified. Third, the effects of two kinds of paths are obvious: the agglomeration of non-resource-based industries to central cities and the diffusion of green production from central cities. Fourth, the diffusion of green production depends on the sustainability of resource-based cities. The research conclusion can improve the energy and sustainability policies of urban agglomerations and resource-based cities, and the improved policies will improve the efficiency of regional resource allocation and will promote the electricity efficiency and sustainability of resource-based cities.     

国家审计与城市创业活跃度

基于国家审计信息理论和免疫系统理论，以中国278个城市2009—2018年的面板数据为样本，分析国家审计对城市创业活跃度的影响。研究表明，国家审计监督治理能够显著提升城市创业活跃度，该结论在一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。机制分析发现，国家审计作为一项外部监督机制，能够改善地区政务、市场、金融和司法环境，进而提升城市创业活跃度。进一步，国家审计的治理效应在东部地区、规模较小城市以及高政府创新偏好的样本中更明显。研究结论印证了高质量审计监督能够有效保障经济社会高质量发展，切实将制度优势转化为治理效能，进而优化城市创业环境、提高城市创业活跃度。     

快速城镇化进程中的环境安全研究

我国快速城镇化进程中所引发的工矿污染、生活污水和垃圾污染、资源过度消耗和生态破坏等一系列问题,对城镇地区的可持续发展构成了严重威胁。认为其原因主要是对城镇化进程中区域环境安全维护的意识缺乏、相关法律法规不健全、环境基础设施建设滞后和环境监管能力不足。从建立健全基本制度、合理制定规划与管理措施、强化监督管理、加大污染治理投入和科技创新、加强宣传培训等方面提出了对策。     

国家审计推进经济高质量发展的作用研究——基于地级城市面板数据的空间计量分析

采用空间杜宾模型和2006—2016年我国283个地级及以上城市的面板数据,探讨了国家审计对城市经济发展质量的影响及其空间效应。结果表明,国家审计能显著提升本地区经济发展质量,但对周边地区产生了负向空间外溢效应;国家审计对本地和周边地区经济发展质量的影响是对动能转换、结构升级、发展效率、节能减排、成果分享五个方面作用机制影响的综合反映,且对结构升级、节能减排、成果分享的作用效果尤为明显。进一步研究发现,II型大城市和中等城市的国家审计有助于促使本地区经济发展质量提升,但对周边城市却有明显的抑制作用;而I型及以上大城市和小城市的国家审计对本地和周边城市经济发展质量均未产生明显影响。结果表明,强化国家审计功能、推进跨区域协同审计,对于推进经济高质量发展具有重要意义。