Special Quotes Invoke Autocorrelation in Japanese Stock Prices*

It is reported in the present paper that 1‐min returns on TOPIX have exhibited significant autocorrelation at 5‐min intervals since 1997/1998. Special quotes that are issued whenever there is a price jump in excess of a predetermined band seem to be the source of this autocorrelation, because these have been automatically updated at 5‐min intervals since August 1998 and have appeared during the first 30 min from opening. Individual stock returns also exhibit fifth‐order autocorrelation, but this disappears when the data with special quotes are excluded from the sample. Therefore, the autocorrelation is caused by the special quotes: a type of market microstructure noise.     

Macroeconomic Variables and Stock Prices in Malaysia: An Empirical Analysis

The article investigates the dynamic interactions between seven macroeconomic variables and the stock prices for an emerging market, Malaysia, using cointegration and Granger causality tests. The results strongly suggest informational inefficiency in the Malaysian market. The bivariate analysis suggests cointegration between the stock prices and three macroeconomic variables – consumer prices, credit aggregates and official reserves. From bivariate error-correction models, we note the reactions of the stock prices to deviations from the long run equilibrium. These results are further strengthened when we extend the analysis to multivariate settings. We also note some evidence that the stock prices are Granger-caused by changes in the official reserves and exchange rates in the short run.     

货币政策对股票价格行为的影响实证分析

文章以影响股票价格的理论为基础,采用现代计量技术,采用2005年1月至2007年6月的月度时间序列数据,研究了汇率、存款准备金率以及利率、货币供应量等宏观经济因素对股票价格的影响。从2005年6月以来我国A股市场股票价格的持续上涨,其主要原因是经济的高速增长、人民币升值以及充足的货币供应量;而加息与提高存款准备金率对股票价格变化的影响有限。     

中日两国汇率与股价指数的联动性分析

随着汇率限制和资本流动障碍的解除,一国的汇率与股市价格之间呈现出一种联动性。在对以利率为核心中介要素的传导机制进行理论分析的基础上,运用计量方法进行实证检验发现,外汇汇率与股市价格之间存在长期负相关关系。在长期内,我国上证综指是汇率变动的Granger原因。借鉴日本经验,我们不仅要看到人民币温和升值对股票市场价格的积极效应．同时更要重视股市泡沫破灭后的严重后果。中国可以采取循序渐进的汇率改革方式,坚持汇改的主动性、可控性以及渐进性,根据国际国内经济情况的变化适时、适度、逐步完善汇率机制,严控异常国际资本的流入,同时加强股市监管,努力营造公开、公正、透明的证券市场,为人民币将来的完全国际化提供一个市场制度基础。     

Stock Prices, Output and the Monetary Regime

Should monetary policy react to stock prices? The answer depends on whether stock prices are good predictors of future economic activity. Using long annual time-series data for the G-7 countries, data going back over 150 years for some countries, we find that stock prices do not systematically predict output growth regardless of the monetary regime in effect. We also find no evidence of a nonlinear relationship between stock prices and output except during the gold standard, when stock price booms and busts had some predictive power for output growth volatility.     

CAPM模型与股票投资风险:对上海证券市场的实证研究

本文根据威廉·夏普的资本资产定价模型即CAPM模型的原理,运用时间序列与横截面的最小二乘法的线性回归方法,构造相应的模型,对上海股票市场投资风险进行统计验证分析.通过严谨的统计分析表明,上海股票市场目前的系统风险占总风险比例大幅下降,对于风险--收益关系,非系统风险对投资收益率已经没有显著影响,而系统风险影响却非常显著,投资收益率与系统风险的关系并不符合CAPM模型,即投资收益率与β并不呈现线性关系.     

The Incremental Informativeness of Stock Prices for Future Accounting Earnings*

This study extends previous research that documents a stock price reaction leading accounting earnings. The primary issue is that prior studies use a naive earnings expectation model (random walk) as the benchmark for the information content of lagged returns and do not adequately address the “incremental” information content of lagged returns. This study identifies and estimates firm-specific models of earnings to control directly for the autocorrelation in earnings. The explanatory power of lagged prices with respect to this earnings residual is investigated using both a multiple regression model of lagged returns and a multiple time-series vector autoregressive model. In-sample estimation of the models provides clear evidence that stock prices impound information about future earnings incremental to the information contained in historical earnings data. Holdout period analysis of the earnings forecasts from these lagged return models finds that both models outperform the naive seasonal random walk expectation, but neither model outperforms the more sophisticated Box-Jenkins forecasts. On an individual firm basis, earnings forecasts supplemented with the lagged return data tend to be less precise than the Box-Jenkins forecasts, but the price-based models demonstrate an ability to rank the earnings forecast errors from the time-series models. The analysis helps to characterize the limitations of lagged returns as a means of predicting future earnings innovations.     

“9·11”事件后美国对外政策的取向

“9·11”事件后随着美国国家安全战略大幅度调整,美国对外政策出现若干重大变化和趋向。主要表现为:1.对外政策目标的优先次序出现重大变化;2.对外决策指导思想急剧保守化和右倾化;3.对外政策手段突出军事强权主义;4.对待发展中国家更加倾向于干涉主义;5.对外政策行为方式侧重于单边主义。这些倾向将给世界格局多极化和国际关系民主化的发展造成不可忽视的冲击。因此,在“9·11”后新的国际形势下,既要坚决反恐,也要坚持反霸;既要在反恐行动中开展广泛的国际合作,也要对个别国家利用反恐推行强权政治和霸权主义保持警惕。     

Transmission of Stock Prices and Volatility from the Influential Major Markets on the Emerging Market: A Case Study of the Korean Stock Market

Abstract

This study investigates how the 1997 crisis has changed the Korean market by focusing on price and volatility spillovers from the US, Chinese, and Japanese markets. Using the exponential general autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (EGARCH) model, new information on stock prices originating in the US market was transmitted to the Korean market for all periods. The price spillover effect from the Japanese market to the Korean market became stronger from the crisis period. Asymmetry in the spillover effect on market volatility was more pronounced in the Korean market after the financial crisis.     

股票价格与汇率之间的动态关系——基于中国市场的经验分析

本文以利差为外生变量,基于向量自回归多元EGARCH模型和日数据,对我国股价与汇率之闻的动态关系进行了实证研究和深入分析.研究发现:在价格溢出方面,只存在外汇市场到股票市场短期单向引导关系,但利差对股价和汇率均存在价格溢出效应;在波动溢出方面,股票市场对外汇市场存在非对称的波动溢出效应,而外汇市场对股票市场只存在对称的波动溢出效应,利差的变化对股票市场和外汇市场都不存在波动溢出效应;与国内相关研究结论不同的是,我们没有发现股价与汇率之间存在长期均衡关系.     

股票价格波动对货币供给的作用

近年来,随着世界性股票市场价格的快速上涨,金融资产的价值急速膨胀,货币在整个经济体系中的供给过程与原来有所不同.本文在货币供给内在机制的分析框架下,研究了股票价格水平的波动对货币供给影响,认为股票价格是货币供给与流动的重要渠道和影响因素.它的变动是经济社会货币流与人们预期变动的综合体现,同时股票价格的变动又通过影响货币流和人们的预期,成为影响社会总收入的重要变量.     

Exchange Rate Cycles and Canada/US Manufacturing Prices

The paper examines the industry characteristics that are related to the shifts in competitiveness, measured as the relative common-currency price ratios between Canadian and US manufacturing prices. We find that relative input costs and relative productivity growth are the two most important factors influencing changes in relative Canada/US prices. Competitive pressures emanating from trade are important determinants of the extent to which relative productivity differences are passed through to cross-country relative prices. We also find that the magnitude of domestic market competition and export intensity affects the short-run relative price shifts over the cycle of exchange rate. JEL no. E30, F31, L60     

Restructuring the regional distribution of FDI: The case of Japanese and US FDI

There have been numerous changes in the international economic environment for foreign direct investment (FDI) over the past decades. More than ever, the trend towards globalization has stimulated both firms and countries to establish closer cross-border economic linkages and interdependence throughout the world. This study finds evidence that there has been a convergence in the regional distribution pattern between Japanese and US manufacturing FDIs among six host regions in the period of 1976–1996. We also present evidence that this convergence can be accounted for by the converging responses to competitive advantages of the investing and host country firms, and of the resource endowments of investing and recipient nations.     

贸易保护的周期性变化——美国的经验分析及金融危机的影响

国际金融危机爆发后,贸易保护主义抬头,导致全球贸易环境进一步恶化,也使中国出口面临更为严峻的挑战。本文通过对1970～2008年美国进口倾向变化的统计分析,探讨贸易保护的周期性及其影响因素。在此基础上,建立基于真实经济周期(RBC)理论的动态一般均衡模型,分析奥巴马推出购买美国货这一保护性措施对美国经济复苏的作用,并提出我国应对贸易保护主义的对策思路。     

中国股市风险价格测度

投资者投资于风险股市,必然要求获得风险补偿,这种超出无风险收益的股市投资回顾就是股市的风险升水,其大小衡量的股市的风险价格。本文统计发现,我国沪深股市的风险升水并不相同,我国股市的交易费用过高,剔除交易费用后,两市的平均风险升水则分别降为8．56％和5．33％。夏普比率即单位风险价格显示,上海市场比深圳更具有投资价值,但上海30指数则几乎不具有投资价值,两市的投资价值均低于同时期的美国股市。     

亚洲工厂及关联度分析

依据亚洲零部件贸易数据,作者采用了依存比率的方法对亚洲工厂的规模、工厂内部以及同美国之间的相互依存关系进行了研究。研究结果发现,亚洲工厂的规模超过北美洲和欧洲工厂,成为了世界上最大的工厂。亚洲零部件内部贸易额及比重超过了欧盟,这说明亚洲生产的一体化程度更高。从零部件进出口规模角度看,亚洲地区的经济体均高度依赖亚洲工厂的活动,而亚洲工厂对中国的依存度则最高,对日本的依赖程度只排在第三位,这说明中国是亚洲工厂的核心平台。美国在亚洲贸易中的重要性主要体现为中国的最终产品出口对美国市场存在严重依赖,而亚洲主要经济体对中国市场的出口已经超过对美国的出口,亚洲工厂对于美国的依赖程度并不高,远远低于亚洲工厂对中国内地和中国香港的依赖。相反,美国对亚洲工厂的依赖程度则远高于亚洲工厂对美国的依赖。