构建与完善中国中小企业金融服务体系

构建中小企业资本性融资体系的核心是建立自由资本形成制度；完善中小企业债务性融资体系的关键在于既要使债务性融资体制与机制具有处理中小企业“软信息”及防范融资风险的能力，也要能够有效解决中小企业的弱势融资地位问题；构建中小企业理财服务不仅可以解决中小企业的信息透明度与可信度问题，而且可以提高中小企业的融资效率，甚至可以整合金融、保险、证券等金融服务，提供类似金融控股公司式的综合性服务，充分满足中小企业发展的各类金融需求。     

构建与完善中小企业金融服务体系

本文认为要从资本性融资体系、债务性融资体系、理财服务体系三个层面，构建与完善中国中小企业金融服务体系。构建中小企业资本性融资体系的核心，是要建立自由资本形成制度；完善中小企业债务性融资体系的关键，是既要使债务性融资体制与机制具有处理中小企业“软信息”及防范融资风险的能力，也要能够有效解决中小企业的弱势融资地位问题；构建中小企业理财服务不仅可以解决中小企业的信息透明度与可信度问题，而且也可以提高中小企业的融资效率，甚至可以整合金融、保险、证券等金融服务，提供类似金融控股公司式的综合性服务，充分满足中小企业的各类金融需求。     

建立健全中小企业金融服务体系初探

目前,受企业资信、融资风险及经济资本等因素的综合影响,中小企业普遍存在融资难的问题.为有效解决中小企业融资难问题,不断促进我国中小企业健康发展,笔者结合国有企业财务管理实践,试从资本性融资体系、债务性融资体系、理财服务体系三个层面,对如何构建与完善我国中小企业金融服务体系进行分析,供中小企业及金融企业管理者决策参考.     

发展小企业融资需要有新思维

小企业在融资方面,既存在"资本性融资缺口",又存在"债务性融资缺口".由于规模较小、信用记录缺乏、股本金不足和抵押担保缺乏等原因所造成的小企业融资难,并不是简单地"给钱"便能有效解决的,亦很难完全依托现有的正规金融机构和金融市场来解决.需要建立符合小企业特点的融资机制、发展服务于小企业的权益类市场、发展服务小企业的债务性融资市场体系和正确发挥政府的作用等金融创新.     

浅析当前我国中小企业融资难问题

融资困难是中小企业在筹建和经营的过程中普遍存在的现象，能否有效地拓宽融资渠道，直接关系到中小企业的生存和发展。借鉴西方发达国家促进中小企业融资的经验，我国应采取构建中小企业融资信用体系、发展多层次资本市场、完善对中小企业的配套金融服务体系等措施，解决中小企业融资难问题。     

试论我国中小企业融资问题

从中小企业融资实质出发，描述了我国中小企业融资的现状，分析了我国中小企业融资困难的原因，阐述了构建我国中小企业融资体系的内容.     

中小企业融资顺序论

文章运用模糊数学模糊集中意见决策方法，估算了综合各单因子影响的不同融资方式的融资效率，模糊集中的结果表明：自我积累是企业最优选择；中国中小企业存在股票融资偏好；在债务融资方式中，中小企业优先选择债券融资，其次民间借贷，最后银行信贷。决策层应该根据中国具体情况采取最优策略调整融资次序，以实现资金的最优化配置，最终促进中小企业的稳定健康持续发展。     

基于金融功能观的欧洲中小企业信贷融资服务比较研究

面对当前欧美债务危机的演进和中国经济转型的现实,中国中小企业信贷融资服务的提升显得至关重要。本文从金融功能观入手,系统考察了欧洲主要国家中小企业信贷融资的功能特点与差异,结果表明:虽然各国金融系统存在较大差异,但对中小企业信贷融资服务的基本功能差异相差不大,当然现实中也是各有侧重的,以体现不同功能之间的传递作用。未来中国中小企业信贷融资体系建设中,政府应对中小企业发展的立法、信用担保体系和企业征信系统这三种公共产品的提供给予足够重视。如此才能实现中小企业信贷融资服务的良性发展和经济结构的顺利转型。     

商业银行对中小贸易企业实施供应链融资问题研究

金融危机和债务危机后,全球经济增长乏力,以赊销为主的贸易支付方式进一步加重了中小外贸企业的资金负担,无论是应收款的买家风险,还是波动加剧的汇率风险,都促使企业寻求提高财务效率的有效途径,特别是外向型的中小企业。实施供应链融资满足中小贸易企业的融资要求具有重要的现实意义。供应链融资作为涵盖传统流动资金贷款、国际贸易融资以及相关负债、中间业务的整合性概念,具有适应变化的市场环境和中小企业的迫切融资要求的旺盛生命力。将传统贸易融资置于供应链背景下,根据目前中小贸易企业实施供应链面临的问题,探讨其发展的生态环境,构建适合中小企业的供应链融资体系,将有助于中小贸易企业更好地享受银行高效增值服务,增强其抗风险能力和竞争力。     

解决中小企业债务融资中信息不对称的路径设置

中小企业在经济发展中具有重要作用，而与对国民经济的贡献率相比，其获得的资金支持率却明显偏低，存在着巨大的融资缺口；中小银行的经营取向，决定了它成为中小企业融资的主要金融机构；资本市场的发育不成熟及融资特点，也决定了间接债务融资会成为中小企业现阶段的主要融资方式。由于债务融资过程中存在信息不对称问题，中小银行与 中小企业应采取一系列制度与措施，以满足企业的融资需要。     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.