多层体系结构在邮政中间业务平台的应用

为获取客户和扩大市场份额,中国邮政已经建设了许多的业务平台来实现大量的增值服务,如代发工资、缴费、转账、买机票等等“中间业务”。文章通过介绍邮政中间业务平台透露了软件设计者在设计软件体系结构中的经验和技能,并试图给出建立和运行一个大型分布式系统的完整概貌。     

The quest for logia psyche in business leadership: An empirical study of cognitive moral development in construction industry dyads

This research study examines the ageless human debate of the body versus the soul, testing leadership in the industry of building constructors. Based on Kohlbergian theory of cognitive moral development, the multidisciplinary literature review advances the proposition that moral development proceeds in waves of egoism, leading to altruism that is couched in power—“the apple of the eye.” The results from respondents of the Iowa Architects Institute of America (n = 93) indicated that, despite their higher education and aesthetic interests, the sample of architects ranked low on moral maturity level compared to the average of the Defining Issues Test data bank as a whole. Principled scores were 36.4 for architects and 39.1 for the data bank. This research also compared the moral maturity of intra‐industry groups in marketing dyads consisting of architects, contractors, and suppliers using analysis of variance. Again, it was expected that architects with higher education and aesthetic interests would rank highest. Findings of post hoc comparisons revealed no significant difference in moral maturity level between architects and contractors engrossed in the same power paradigm (p = 1.00), yet a significant difference existed between architects and suppliers (p = 0.024). This implication is consistent with the teleological ethical pattern that is prevalent in research studies of salespeople.     

关注表皮--浅析赫佐格与德默隆建筑创作中表皮的处理手法

在现代众多的建筑师将追求丰富多变的建筑空间作为建筑形态的设计核心的大背景下,瑞士建筑师雅克·赫佐格与皮埃尔·德默隆却给予建筑表皮以极大的关注,运用了多种奇特的建筑表皮处理手法,并从最新的科技成果和技术手段出发,创造出大量形体简洁而个性鲜明的作品.建筑师的实践证明了,建筑创作中充分挖掘表皮等构成建筑基本要素的表现力,将会为设计实践提供更加丰富的灵感来源.     

WEBGIS／GPS与WEB运单管理系统在物流运输安全中的应用

分析传统物流车辆跟踪技术以及物流安全现状,在此基础上提出了一种新的物流车辆与货物监控技术,将WebGIS/GPS与自主开发的物流运单管理系统配合使用进行车辆跟踪,用户可以从客户端查询各条物流线路空闲状况以及货物到达情况。能够很好的控制物流车辆和货物的运输,降低货物的损坏概率,保证货物的准时准确到达目的地,具有一定的可行性和实用性。     

论中国传统园林的当代演绎

在中国建筑师不停的追寻传统民族形式的背景下,无论是老一辈建筑师还是年轻一辈的建筑师都不约而同的选择了中国传统园林汲取养分,也以不同的方式与手段对中国传统园林的当代演绎进行了新的探索和实践。本文把传统园林的当代演绎归结为园林符号化提取、再现园林和脱离传统园林形式再现园林精神的探索与实践三个部分,并加以举例分析。     

商业CRO与制药客户的权力动态与信任战略

CRO和制药客户之间的供应商-采购商关系是现在组织理论研究中需要给予解释的领域。本文以中国商业性CRO为研究对象,采用案例研究的方法对此做了理论探索的工作。研究发现CRO和制药客户之间的关系是一种介于战略联盟和市场化合约之间的伙伴关系,两者之间的权力动态促使对信任的追求,并引发了CRO信任战略的采用。     

The Determinants and Effects of Clients Following Audit Partners Who Switch Audit Firms

Abstract

We examine the determinants of clients’ decision to follow departing partners to new audit firms and the effect of this decision on the likelihood of financial restatements. Using Taiwanese audit partner turnover data from 1984 to 2010, we find that clients are more likely to follow departing partners when the partners have more clients, longer tenure, and when both lead and concurring partners leave simultaneously. By contrast, clients are more likely to stay with their incumbent audit firms when the firms are one of the Big Four or when only the concurring partners leave. The extended partner tenure due to clients following departing partners, however, does not enhance audit quality. In fact, clients that stay at the incumbent firm experience a significant decrease in the probability of financial restatements in the first year after the audit partners leave, but clients that follow do not.     

委托商容忍代工商自创品牌的影响因素分析

代工商在维持原有代工关系的前提下自创品牌业务涉及到委托商的容忍,这种容忍与代工委托商转换承接商的搜寻及培育成本、代工承接商的业务量在委托商业务总量中的比重及代工承接商的潜在替代者数量、代工承接商所提供服务的"物超所值"程度、代工承接商拟经营品牌业务对委托商业务的竞争程度等因素有关,充分把握这些因素将有助于代工商自创品牌的成功。     

Expert and entrepreneur: the unique research domain of professional service entrepreneurs

Professionals are knowledge experts who create customized solutions for clients. Many professionals practice in the context of strong professional institutions that prescribe intense socialization and codes and norms. While some professionals work as employees, many start their own firms in order to practice. Firm start-up for professionals is more prevalent than for most other occupations. While professional institutions often constraint their activities, firm start-up for professional service entrepreneurs (PSEs) involves similar entrepreneurial activities as other entrepreneurs, creating an interesting paradox worth investigating. This paper explores the uniqueness of PSEs and the firms they start, and the distinctiveness and value of research in the context of PSEs and professional service firms.     

会计师事务所的进入、退出与审计市场的竞争

本文主要从进入、退出的角度研究审计市场的竞争。本文的分析表明,审计市场的市场占有率变动率更为合理地衡量市场的动态变化,审计市场的进入壁垒主要是准入壁垒(管制壁垒),而结构性壁垒和流动性壁垒主要存在于大客户市场,对于小客户市场的影响作用很小。为了防止进入者的进入,在位者通过各种流动性壁垒的设置以提高进入者的成本。但从总体看,审计市场仍然是高度竞争的。     

第三方物流的增值服务

当前国际市场第三方物流（3PL）有很高的竞争力。大多数的第三方物流供应商提供一些基本服务,如运输与仓储服务,但很少提供增值服务。研究课题的主要目标是将第三方采购（3PP）作为其第三方供应商的增值服务。3PL提供商应当增加其增值服务,是为了保持其核心的竞争优势。而同时3PP是一种可行的选择。许多我国当地的第三方物流供应商并没有意识到他们的增值服务,因为他们主要只提供基本的服务（运输和仓储）。另外,从买方的角度来看,中小型企业缺乏足够大的购买力,比如数量,所以他们的采购价格相对而言比大企业要高出很多。这个研究提出第三方采购作为其增值服务,一方面能够增加第三方供应商的核心竞争力,另一方面使得我国的中小型企业也能获得更多的利润。     

Knowledge transfer across permeable boundaries: An empirical study of clients’ decisions to involve management consultants

We investigate the relationship between the knowledge requirements of projects and clients’ decisions whether to procure services from external management consultants for the execution of these projects. Using data from interviews with client decision-makers regarding the execution of 86 projects, we find that knowledge requirements are strongly associated with the decision whether or not to involve external consultants. The results highlight the closeness of the relationships between clients and consultants, supporting Kitay and Wright's [Kitay, J., & Wright, C. (2004). Take the money and run? Organisational boundaries and consultants’ roles, The Service Industries Journal, 24(3) 1–18] view of the permeability of the boundaries between many client organizations and their consultants. The findings also confirm our expectation that clients use the services of external management consultants in order to procure functional or industry-specific knowledge which consultants can pool and apply efficiently across many projects.     

Partnerships and the private recruitment industry

This article, based on a postal survey and qualitative interview‐based research, examines the relationship between major private recruitment bureaux and their clients in the UK, with particular attention to the recruitment and selection of temporary workers. The private recruitment industry is growing and large bureaux are seeking closer partnership arrangements with clients. Contracts for labour services are being developed on a 'preferred' supplier basis – similar in type to the approach taken for the purchase or supply of goods or components. However, formal preferred supplier contracts with temporary work bureaux were used by only a minority of clients, usually larger organisations or those having projects or workplaces with high volume demand. While such bureaux seek models of relational contracting or partnering, many clients prefer less fully engaged or 'semi‐distanced' relations facilitated by the informal dimensions of inter‐organisational contacts.     

Financing professional partnerships

Increases in net-debt obligations of profit sharing partnerships give these organizations a strong incentive to expand. This paper argues that when capital structure is transparent, partnerships can signal their hiring intentions to uninformed clients by their net-debt levels. Levin and Tadelis (2005) predicts that professional service firms with fewer informed clients will tend to choose to organize as partnerships rather than corporations. The present paper demonstrates that this prediction only holds when financial frictions are present.     

初探历史性与现代性在路易斯·康作品中的交汇

路易斯·康作为20世纪下半叶世界最具影响力的建筑师之一,因其作品风格与创作思想的独特而受到众多建筑师的喜爱和追捧,特别在第三世界,其名声完全可以和柯布相媲美。通过深入的研究,不难发现康的作品正是通过对历史性和现代性的交汇而产生的,康通过其不平凡的建筑生涯形成了自己对建筑历史性的独特观点以及表达方式。     

Knowledge‐intensive firms: the influence of the client on HR systems

HR systems play a critical role in growing knowledge‐intensive firms (KIFs) by facilitating the conversion of human capital into intellectual capital, which has market value. However, the choice of HR system is constrained by the relatively small number of clients they have in business‐to‐business relationships. This article seeks to understand how and why these client relationships affect the choice of HR practices in these firms. We address this issue by drawing on extensive empirical research currently under way in KIFs. Our research shows that HR practices can be influenced strongly by the client, both directly and indirectly. However, some KIFs will use their HR practices as a means of managing the relationships they have with their clients by shaping their boundaries with their clients and building organisational, professional and client identities. The varying client influence can be understood by examining the nature of the power relationship between the client and supplier, which is influenced by the uniqueness of the services provided. This has implications for our understanding of the factors affecting the exercise of a constrained choice of HR systems.     

Brokers’ financial network and stock return

Brokerage firms are usually not only known for trading stocks for their retail clients in return for commission fee but also known for being information distributors of their clients’ investment recommenders. However, only a few studies have examined investors’ trading behaviors within a brokerage firm. This study proposes a financial network model in modeling the information diffusion process of investors within brokerage firms and investigates the potential effect of interconnectedness among brokerage firms on stock returns. We find that the centrality of brokerage firms has strong explanatory power to stock returns even if we control for the Fama–French pricing factors and other characteristics of stock.     

The expert system: constructing expertise in an IT/management consultancy

Despite widespread uncertainty, if not scepticism, about the precise nature of the expertise that consultants bring to bear in their client engagements, organisations continue to employ consultants in large numbers, especially in information technology-related projects. Drawing on a participant observation study of IT/management consultancy practice, this paper seeks to explore the different ways in which consultants are seen as experts in the light of the pressures of the consultancy market place. The ongoing construction of consultancy expertise through the interaction of consultants and their clients with an array of elements, including technical knowledge, skilled practice, individual and collective experience, and commercial interests is discussed. It is suggested that, rather than being a relatively-enduring property of individuals, based on their mastery of a body abstract knowledge or their skills at managing the perceptions of their clients, the precarious and multi-faceted character of their expertise means that consultants are continuously engaged in its active construction through their situated practice.     

RINKONOMICS: A WINDOW ON SPONTANEOUS ORDER1

The idea of spontaneous order is here exposited by analogy with roller skating at a roller rink. In the roller rink and in the economy, the key ingredient of spontaneous order is coincidence of interest. This makes the beneficial outcome possible. Central planning is bound to fail if for no other reason than because of the knowledge problem. The meaning of ‘spontaneous’ is discussed, along with the limits of the principle.