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1.
Before the ‘open-door’ policy doi moi, the Vietnamese government had monopolised all sectors of tourism in the country. In 1987, one year after the beginning of doi moi, the state issued the Law on Foreign Investment, which encouraged foreign direct investment (FDI) in Vietnam, especially in the tourism industry. This article examines the influence of the resulting influx of FDI on tourism accommodation patterns in Vietnam. A synopsis of policy and background of FDI in Vietnam accommodation is followed by an examination of developments, projects and experiences in this field since doi moi. The article then investigates the effects of FDI in Vietnam tourism accommodation on developments and practices in Vietnam's accommodation market, including the traditional state-owned accommodation sub-sector. The article integrates insights gained from interviews with operators of joint venture and state-owned hotels in Vietnam. 相似文献
2.
Christian Steiner 《International Journal of Tourism Research》2010,12(6):726-738
Although the tourism industry is increasingly globalising, empirical research on the accompanying foreign direct investment (FDI) is surprisingly lacking. Furthermore, the nexus of political risk, violent political unrest and tourism FDI has been relatively neglected. Using Egypt as a heuristic case study and adopting a qualitative methodology, this paper explores the question of how political risk and violent political unrest influence tourism FDI. Surprisingly, the results are not able to corroborate a clear relationship between the two. In contrast, these results indicate that the role of stability and security for tourism FDI in developing countries has largely been overestimated in the past. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
Mohammad Sharif Karimi;Huseyin Karamelikli;Babak Naysary; 《International Journal of Tourism Research》2024,26(4):e2696
Tourism has long been recognized as a potential force for economic growth in various parts of the globe. This study revisits this causal relationship to demonstrate the consequences of long-run and short-run effects between tourism development and economic growth in the context of Singapore for the period 1983:1 to 2020:4. We employ an augmented autoregressive distributed lag (AARDL) to prevent degenerative results and ensure the robustness of findings. We also control for variables such as foreign direct investment, net export, gross fixed capital formation, labor, and government expenditure. The overall empirical results provide support for the positive implications of tourism development for economic growth in Singapore in the long run, and its elasticity is 0.14 in increasing and 0.08 in decreasing. This implies that tourism can be one of the important factors for Singapore's economic growth in the long run, but in the short run, the impact is either negative or insignificant. This study provides important policy implications and recommendations. 相似文献
4.
In the economic growth literature, the contribution of tourism to economic development has attracted great attention due to its significant roles as a source of foreign exchange earnings, creation of employment opportunities and an important source of public revenues in many countries. In this paper, we aim to analyse the empirical relationship between economic growth and tourism by employing different econometric techniques. First, we employed the Bound test approach developed by Pesaran, Shin, and Smith (2001, Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289–326) in order to investigate the co-integration relationship between economic growth and tourism. Second, we used the Granger causality analysis for the 1998–2011 period and found evidence of a long-run uni-directional causality running from tourism to economic growth, but not vice versa. Our findings show that the Turkish case supports the tourism-led growth hypothesis (TLGH). Third, the autoregressive-distributed lag approach was employed in order to investigate the long-term and short-term static relationship between tourism and economic growth. The results show that tourism has a positive effect on gross domestic product and economic growth both in the long-term and short-term. Finally, the effect of tourism on economic growth was also investigated dynamically by employing the Kalman filter method. The findings of this method support the TLGH for Turkey. 相似文献
5.
The analysis of the impact of mega events has included frameworks that evaluate different impacts under different criteria, for example, separating impacts according to whether they occur before, during or after the event itself. Analysis of the economic impacts of such events has shown that the distributional effects between the host city and the rest of an economy can be important, and can have opposite signs. This paper introduces frameworks to show the origin of the economic scale, that is, Olympic‐related investment and expenditure, and shows how the frameworks can be used with reference to the Beijing 2008 Olympics. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
An in-depth study using data from 1974 to 2013 is conducted to assess the role of exports in Malaysia's economic growth through the neoclassical growth model. Unlike previous studies, we segregate exports into four major components, namely tourism, electrical and electronic (E&E), palm oil and rubbers. By doing so, we are able to assess the relative contributions of tourism and non-tourism (i.e. E&E, palm oil and rubbers) exports to Malaysia's economic growth. To achieve the objective of this study, we perform the cointegration, Granger causality and the variance decomposition tests. Our findings suggest that only tourism, E&E and palm oil exports significantly influence economic growth in the long-run. Likewise, our Granger causality results also suggest that only tourism, E&E and palm oil exports Granger-cause economic growth. Thus, it supports the tourism-led growth, E&E export-led growth (ELG) and palm oil ELG hypotheses in Malaysia. With reference to the contributions to economic growth, the long-run estimation results and the results of generalized variance decomposition consistently suggest that tourism is relatively more important than the three non-tourism exports, especially in explaining the long-term economic growth of Malaysia. 相似文献
7.
Ali Salman Saleh A. George Assaf Ranjith Ihalanayake Sidney Lung 《International Journal of Tourism Research》2015,17(3):209-220
This paper examines the contribution of tourism industry to the GDP of three selected destinations in the Middle East region: Bahrain, Jordan and Saudi Arabia. We introduce a quadratic functional form and apply the advanced panel cointegration dynamic model with robust estimation to test our hypothesis. Our analysis is based on a comprehensive set of panel data of tourism receipts, education investment, foreign direct investment and fixed capital formation over the period of 1981–2008. The results show a long‐run relationship between tourism growth and GDP. We also show that tourism has a stronger impact on the economy than other related sectors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
Chor Foon Tang Asma Salman Salah Abosedra 《International Journal of Tourism Research》2020,22(1):15-25
This study attempts to investigate the role of institutions in enhancing the effect of tourism and financial development on economic growth in Asia using a panel sample from 1984 to 2016. Our findings reveal that tourism and finance are two important variables accountable for growth in our selected countries. Furthermore, our empirical results suggest that their effects on growth are enhanced by the level of institutional quality. Therefore, institutional reforms should thus precede tourism attraction and financial development policies used in these countries in an effort to enhance the benefits from the tourism and financial sector development on growth. 相似文献
9.
This work uses a multivariate panel Granger causality test to examine the causal relationship between real international tourism receipts and economic growth in 11 Asian regions for the period from 1995 to 2015, accounting for both dependency and heterogeneity across regions. The results of this study support evidence for the growth hypothesis in the regions, such as Cambodia, China, and Malaysia. A reverse relationship supports evidence on the conservation hypothesis for the regions, such as Hong Kong, Indonesia, the Philippines, and South Korea. A reciprocal causal relationship was found in Macau and Singapore. 相似文献
10.
Hamira Zamani‐Farahani Joan C. Henderson 《International Journal of Tourism Research》2010,12(1):79-89
This paper is concerned with the effects of state religion on tourism development in Muslim countries with particular reference to Iran and Saudi Arabia. Aspects of the relationship between Islam and tourism are investigated overall and issues of tourism policies, management and marketing and community involvement within the context of the two cases are discussed. The distinctive circumstances prevailing in Iran and Saudi Arabia are suggested, but more general insights are also presented into the interactions between and management of tourism and Islam. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
11.
Mounir Belloumi 《International Journal of Tourism Research》2010,12(5):550-560
The objective of this paper is to analyse the role of tourism in the Tunisian economic growth. We used a trivariate model of real gross domestic product (GDP), real international tourism receipts and real effective exchange rate to discuss the relationship between tourism and economic growth. By using annual data for Tunisia for the period of 1970–2007, our results reveal that there is a cointegrating relationship between tourism and economic growth. In addition, our results for the Granger causality test indicate that tourism has a positive impact on GDP growth unidirectionally. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
Isabel Corts‐Jimnez 《International Journal of Tourism Research》2008,10(2):127-139
Recently, the attention given to the importance of tourism in economic growth has significantly increased. However, research in this area mainly refers to international tourism and to the national level. This paper focuses on the influence of tourism on the economic growth of Spanish and Italian regions. Both international and domestic tourism are analysed and geographical location criteria are considered. Dynamic panel data techniques are applied. The results reveal that both international and domestic tourism have a significant and positive role for regional economic growth in Spain and Italy, although the pattern of these effects differs among different types of region. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
Li Sheng 《International Journal of Tourism Research》2011,13(1):32-40
Most economics and urban literature focuses on the economic aspects of foreign investors' impact on cities and defends their positive role in urban development. This paper takes a different approach by developing an urban economics model for tourist cities that illustrates how, when there is local underinvestment and a large influx of foreign labour, transnational enterprises may make their profits at the expense of local businesses. Therefore, it is the government's responsibility to regulate foreign investment in a way that is conducive to sustainable development. Macao is adopted as a case study. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
There is an upsurge of literature investigating the relationship between inbound tourism expansion and economic growth with special emphasis on developing countries. Some countries – such as Spain and Italy – can be taken as examples of demonstrating such a successful trajectory. This paper provides an empirical investigation of the evolution of the Spanish and Italian economies and their respective tourism sectors from the 1950s and 1960s, respectively. This research is theoretically based on the literature on demand-based growth and the methodology adopted is that of the integration, cointegration and multivariate Granger causality tests. The results show the influencing role of inbound tourism for both economies. 相似文献
15.
Tourism may serve as tool of economic development (ED). The aim of this article is to determine, through the analysis of determining factors identified in previous studies, which are the most important variables in channelling tourism growth into ED. Using a multivariate linear regression model, the main push and brake factors have been identified, for both developed and developing countries. It has been concluded that countries should maintain low initial provisions for CO2 emissions, hospital beds, unemployment, energy without CO2 emissions, and working population. It is also necessary to reduce conflict-related deaths. These results may be crucial in the decision-making processes implemented by policymakers and destination managers, given that they provide extremely useful information for the planning of their actions. 相似文献
16.
Yeganeh Morakabati 《International Journal of Tourism Research》2011,13(2):103-123
There are parts of the Middle East that can be regarded as being among the least preferred tourism destinations in the world. Research shows that travellers' perceptions of the region, as a whole, have been damaged and that, for some nations, the situation has gone from bad to worse. The combination of a hard‐line attitude towards religion, oil and water shortages have led to the onset of war and conflict, either among countries within the region, or have resulted in countries from within the region having conflicts with countries located outside of the region. This paper looks at the Middle East in general and Iran in particular in order to review its tourism potential and explains how the process of its development as a tourism destination has been hampered. This research also attempts to discover why, in spite of several attempts by the Iranian government, tourism has failed to develop to its true potential. The research is informed by a questionnaire survey of travellers together with a Mini‐Delphi Study of tourism academics. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
《International Journal of Tourism Research》2017,19(1):99-106
This paper investigates the effects of uncertainty on tourism spending (direct sales) by USA domestic tourists over the period of 1998Q1–2015Q4. For this purpose, for the first time, the Economic Policy Uncertainty index was used as an independent variable in tourism demand analysis models. Unit root and cointegration tests are applied to account for unknown structural breaks. The empirical findings indicate that a higher level of Economic Policy Uncertainty leads to significant declines in tourism spending in the long run. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
Jorge Ridderstaat Robertico Croes Peter Nijkamp 《International Journal of Tourism Research》2014,16(5):472-487
This study examines the long‐run relationship between tourism development and economic growth in a small island destination. Determining whether the nature of the relationship is unidirectional or bidirectional provides insightful information as to policies to be implemented. This information is crucial in a resource‐poor environment, such as a small island destination. The study employs an econometric methodology consisting of unit root testing, co‐integration analysis, vector error correction modeling and Granger causality testing. Results confirm the reciprocal hypothesis. The policy implication is that resource allocation supporting both the tourism and tourism‐related industries could benefit both tourism development and economic growth. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
Ivana Pavlic Tonci Svilokos Meri Suman Tolic 《International Journal of Tourism Research》2015,17(3):282-291
The aim of this paper is to examine the long‐run and short‐run relationship between tourism, real effective exchange rate and economic growth in Croatia. The econometric framework used for analysis is the Johansen Maximum Likelihood cointegration technique. For testing the stability of long‐run equilibrium relationship vector error correction model technique has been applied on a quarterly data set covering the period 1996–2013. The main findings of the paper confirm the stability of the long‐run equilibrium relationship between tourist arrivals (ARRIVAL), openness of the economy (OPEN) and real effective exchange rate as independent variable and gross domestic product (GDP) as dependent variable in Croatia. Furthermore, the results indicate short‐run causality between OPEN and GDP, as well as between real effective exchange rate and GDP. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
This study investigates the growth impact of international tourist arrivals on carbon emissions in selected small island states via Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. The study employed a panel-based multivariate model for seven small islands between the periods of 1995 and 2013 to evaluate the long-run equilibrium relationships between international tourism and carbon emissions through the channels of energy consumption and economic growth. Findings from the panel cointegration results show the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between the variables of interest. International tourist arrivals have a negatively significant impact on carbon dioxide emissions in the long run. Thus, we infer that the law of diminishing marginal returns with regard to tourism-induced EKC hypothesis holds in the case of small island states. 相似文献