“啤酒游戏”的系统动力学分析

在简要介绍了“啤酒游戏”、系统动力学及其仿真软件Vensim的基础上,进一步构建了啤酒游戏的因果关系图和系统动力学流图,并在此基础上应用Vensim/DYNAMO构建了“啤酒游戏”的计算机模型,对其进行了仿真。研究了订货延迟时间对物流库存系统情况造成的影响,比较了两种不同的采购策略对“啤酒游戏”的影响,发现订货延迟时间的存在是造成“啤酒游戏”中“牛鞭效应”的内因,商家过分在意当前的库存与缺货情况,急于补存或者降低库存,反而会造成“牛鞭效应”的加剧。结果表明,如果商家适当的延长库存的补货时间,“啤酒游戏”中的“牛鞭效应”会有所改观,这是现代供应链上的物流企业应该借鉴的。     

Risk aversion in the supply chain: Evidence from replenishment decisions

This study investigates the impact of individual risk aversion on replenishment decisions in a multi-echelon supply chain, and explores whether this impact is affected by experiential learning. The methodology applied is that of observational studies, while the multi-echelon supply chain is modeled through the classical Beer Game. Participants in the study are purchasing and supply chain professionals. Results suggest that risk aversion leads to higher orders, Risk aversion persists even after experience of the game has been gained.     

基于信号博弈的并购定价策略研究

文章对并购、并购定价理论作了引述,略述了信号博弈的基本概念。主要分析了并购定价的信号博弈过程,并利用信号博弈分析了并购定价博弈的分离均衡、混同均衡、准分离均衡,同时还考虑了后验信念调整的具体情况。     

Analysis of capacity constraints on the backlog bullwhip effect in the two-tier supply chain: a Taguchi approach

This paper investigates the impact of capacity constraints and safety stock on the backlog bullwhip effect in a model of a two-tier supply chain. One of the most commonly applied methodologies to study the various aspects of the Beer Game model is the control theoretic technique. It is clear that these control theoretic models are linear and cannot deal with non-linearities, such as capacity constraints. Thereafter, simulation experiments together with Taguchi design of experiments are performed to study non-linear impacts of capacity constraints in a two-tier supply chain. This research gives supply chain operations’ managers and designers a practical way to develop a trade-off between capacity and safety stock at different echelons and to take better decisions about their capacity and safety stocks. Future work should investigate the total cost implications of capacity constraints and safety stocks in a multi-echelon supply chain.     

供应链管理中的协调机制设计

本文首先指出协调问题是供应链管理中的核心问题,阐述了协调机制的理论背景,基于博弈论和机制设计理论给出了协调机制的形式化描述,在此基础上提出协调机制设计的思路和方法,并指出委托代理理论是协调机制设计中的一个重要理论工具。     

The role of entrepreneurship education as a predictor of university students’ entrepreneurial intention

Using Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior and Shapero’s entrepreneurial event model as well as entrepreneurial cognition theory, we attempt to identify the relationship between entrepreneurship education, prior entrepreneurial exposure, perceived desirability and feasibility, and entrepreneurial intentions (EI) for university students. The data were collected from a survey of ten universities; we received 494 effective responses. We used probit estimation to show that perceived desirability significantly impacts EI whereas there is no significant impact from perceived feasibility. There is a significant negative impact from exposure (which is surprising) and a significant positive impact from entrepreneurship education. Males and people from technological universities and/or backgrounds have higher EI than females and people from other universities and backgrounds. There are also significant positive interactive effects by gender, university type, and study major on the relationship between entrepreneurship education and EI.     

多人合作对策中的费用均摊问题

对策论是运筹学的一个分支,是有关多人在竞争状态下的决策行为的数学理论。对策论按不同的分类方法有多种类别,如果局中人可以和其他局中人联合成一体统一行动与其他局中人对抗,这种对策称为多人合作对策。本文主要讨论多人对策中的一个例子。     

The effect of environmental dynamism on returns to inventory leanness

This paper adds to the empirical inventory management literature by examining the moderating effects of environmental dynamism on the relationship between inventory leanness and financial performance. While the financial implications of inventory management practices have been extensively studied in the literature, it is clear that lean inventory strategies may not have the same payoff for all firms in all industries. Grounded in inventory theory, this study explores how firm characteristics and environmental dynamism—measured in terms of innovative intensity, demand uncertainty and competitive intensity—moderate the inventory leanness–performance link. We use hierarchical linear modeling to analyze a data set of 5749 firm-year observations from 123 U.S. manufacturing industries. In line with the hypotheses set forth, the results indicate that innovative intensity in an industry increases the effect of inventory leanness on firm performance while competitive intensity has the opposite effect. The hypothesis with respect to the moderating role of demand uncertainty is not supported. Another interesting and important finding is that inventory leanness accounts for nearly one third of the variation in firm performance after controlling for firm size and growth, thus underlining the importance of efficient and effective inventory management for overall firm success.     

The impact of buyer-supplier relationship quality and information management on industrial vending machine benefits in the healthcare industry

Despite the calls for a deeper understanding of SCM in the healthcare industry, theoretical research focused on healthcare buyer-supplier collaboration, specifically inventory management issues, remains nascent and fragmented. Although slow to change, healthcare organizations have begun to consider alternative inventory management systems to improve inventory control and patient care. Industrial vending machines (IVM) can help healthcare organizations address inventory management issues. Grounded in transaction cost economics and contingency theory, this research develops and empirically tests a model that highlights the critical role of information management in the link between buyer-supplier relationship quality and performance outcomes within the context of IVM implementation and use in the healthcare industry. Based on survey data from healthcare managers, results indicate that both information management and relationship quality are tied to a series of benefits in the context of collaborative buyer-supplier IVM agreements.     

动态库存控制在某工程项目中的应用

动态库存模型是以动态规划理论为基础,采用逆序方法来解决多阶段决策问题。因而这种动态规划库存控制方法比较适合用于施工单位,相比在工程项目中通常采用的经济批量法等方法,动态库存控制在库存控制成本方面有明显的优势。     

高校与企业在产学研合作中的博弈分析

本文以博弈论为分析工具,通过对高校与企业在博弈局中策略解的分析,说明了高校与企业产学研合作是使双方利益最大化的理性合作及企业在合作中处于劣势,并给出了几点对策。     

博弈论在供应链管理中的应用——现状与趋势

博弈论关注于包含冲突与合作的状态分析,随着供应链中企业间的竞争与合作不断增强,博弈论作为一种分析企业间相互竞争及相互合作的工具被广泛应用。文章在介绍了博弈论和供应链管理的相关性之后,将目前博弈论在供应链管理中的运用分为两大类：博弈论在传统供应链问题中的应用,以及博弈论在供应链网络均衡中的应用,并对相关研究现状进行了总结分析。最后,给出了未来的研究趋势。     

招投标过程中投标报价博弈分析

在招标投标过程中如何针对竞争对手情况来确定投标报价数额的问题进行研究。按照国际通行的“最低标中标”原则来分析投标竞争环境，利用博弈论的方法建立投标报价博弈模型，提出了基于投标方之间博弈的投标报价优化结论。利用此结论，能在提高中标率的同时，又保证有较好的利润。     

重复占优策略博弈在团队培训中的应用及启发——基于一个体验式训练项目的思考

博弈论是研究决策主体行为发生直接相互作用时的决策以及这种决策的均衡问题的一门科学。占优策略博弈是指存在始终优于对方反应的博弈,占优策略博弈可能存在合作解和非合作解。在对一个基于重复非合作占优策略博弈而设计的培训项目进行分析的基础上,探讨有限重复占优策略博弈的非合作解和合作解的差别,并借鉴这种差别对于团队管理的启发,在管理实践中充分考虑主体的充分理性和最大化偏好,以团队利益为前提,尊重个体合理利益,设计科学的激励约束制度,促成一个良性的竞争合作团队氛围。     

信息不对称下转基因食品生产企业、监管部门的博弈分析

由于信息不对称的存在,转基因食品生产企业和转基因食品监管部门之间存在博弈关系。转基因食品生产企业和转基因食品监管部门的策略选择决定了转基因食品市场的均衡。本文运用博弈论知识进行分析,认为无论是在静态博弈模型下,还是在动态博弈模型下,转基因食品生产企业重视转基因食品的宣传,自觉加贴食品中转基因成分标签的概率随着转基因食品监管部门监管概率的增大而增大。为了保护消费者的利益,转基因食品相关监管部门要加大对转基因食品企业的监管力度。     

Nonlinear dynamical systems and inventory management

Surprisingly, deterministic time series can generate highly irregular, random-appearing trajectories. These deterministic time series result from nonlinear dynamical systems of differential or difference equations. The random appearance displayed by these systems is called nonlinear dynamical complexity. Properties of nonlinear complex systems include aperiodic random appearance, sensitive dependence on initial conditions and model parameters, and nonstationarity. Experiments involving the operation of simulated business environments and theoretical nonlinear dynamical models for inventory are reviewed to explore motivating factors that can give rise to demand with nonlinear complexities. The experimental and theoretical evidence reviewed indicates that nonlinear complexities in demand have significant implications for inventory management. Thus, researchers and practitioners in inventory management need to consider these properties when choosing inventory management methods. Characteristics of nonlinear dynamical systems and their implications for inventory management are presented in this paper. The use of the Brock, Dechert, and Scheinkman (1987) (BDS) test for nonlinear dependence is demonstrated on actual demand data.     

二级库存系统优化研究文献综述

指出随着供应链理论的发展,二级库存管理正在逐步取代单级库存管理成为学术界研究的重点对象。分析了二级库存管理的发展历程,并从库存控制和横向调拨这两方面梳理了相关研究文献,并提出后继可针对多品种库存的多目标优化开展进一步研究。     

A re‐interpretation of the linear quadratic model when inventories and sales are polynomially cointegrated

Estimation of the linear quadratic model, the workhorse of the inventory literature, traditionally takes inventories and sales to be first‐difference stationary series, and the ratio of the two variables to be stationary. However, these assumptions do not always match the properties of the data for the last two decades in the United States. We propose a model that allows for the non‐stationary characteristics of the data, using polynomial cointegration. We show that the closed‐form solution has other recent models as special cases. The resulting model performs well on aggregate and disaggregated data. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

囚徒困境及其破解策略在日常工作中的应用举例

博弈论就是研究互动决策的理论,主要感兴趣的是其胜负主要取决于谋略智能的对抗性局势,而囚徒困境则博弈论中的经典模型之一。该模型深刻揭示了个人理性与集体理性的冲突。在囚徒困境中,每个人都会根据自己的利益做出决策,但是最后的结果却是集体遭殃。文章以博弈论中的经典模型"囚徒困境"为工具分析解剖日常生活工作中的若干热点和难点问题,并提出相应的破解策略。     

绿色采购中供应商激励机制的设计探析

应用博弈理论对绿色采购中的供应商激励机制进行了设计,指出采购者应当考虑实际情况,给予供应商适当奖励;并且采购者在考虑奖励机制时,必须让供应商分担部分风险,即建立起与供应商合作的同盟关系。