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1.
Jorge Eduardo Mendoza 《International Trade Journal》2013,27(1):52-83
During the last five years the maquiladora industry of Mexico has seen a slowing of the rapid growth experienced during the 1990s. The maquiladora expansion has been linked to U.S. foreign direct investment. Additionally, China has become a major receptor of U.S. investment for the production and export of manufacturing goods. This study estimates the impact of the industrial activity of the United States and China on employment demand in the maquiladora industry of the northern border states of Mexico. Using data on industrial activity, real hourly wages, and the real exchange rate as a proxy of Mexican competitiveness, a bounds test cointegration analysis is developed. The results show that the variables affecting external demand have impacted the maquiladora employment trend negatively, while wage differentials and the exchange rate tend to encourage maquiladora activity. 相似文献
2.
The influence of celebrities in the 21st century extends far beyond the traditional domain of the entertainment sector of
society. During the recent Palestinian presidential elections, the Hollywood actor Richard Gere broadcast a televised message
to voters in the region and stated, “Hi, I’m Richard Gere, and I’m speaking for the entire world”. Celebrities in the 21st
century have expanded from simple product endorsements to global political and international diplomacy. The celebrities industry
is undergoing, “mission creep”, or the expansion of an enterprise beyond its original goals (Hyde, 2009). The global internet is one of the major drivers of this phenomenon. The contribution of this paper is to analyse this global
phenomenon and the potential implications for business ethics research. 相似文献
3.
Joaquín Guzmán-Cuevas Rafael Cáceres-Carrasco Domingo Ribeiro Soriano 《Small Business Economics》2009,32(3):317-330
This article analyzes the quality of business structure from a macroeconomic perspective in the regional context. In addition
to “traditional” variables such as innovation, internationalization, or entrepreneurial collaboration, new variables have
been introduced: functional dependence and productive dependence. Two different economic territories have been chosen within
the Spanish economy: the province of Barcelona (high relative income per capita) and the province of Seville (low relative
income per capita). We find it is possible to distinguish two types of firms: a) “product-maker” firms (mainly located in
advanced areas) and b) “market-maker” firms (mainly located in less developed areas).
相似文献
4.
Gambling and gaming is a very large industry in the United States with about one-third of all adults participating in it on
a regular basis. Using novel and unique behavioral data from a panel of casino gamblers, this paper investigates three aspects
of consumer behavior in this domain. The first is that consumers are addicted to gambling, the second that they act on “irrational”
beliefs, and the third that they are influenced by marketing activity that attempts to influence their gambling behavior.
We use the interrelated consumer decisions to play (gamble) and the amount bet in a casino setting to focus on addiction using
the standard economic definition of addiction. We test for two irrational behaviors, the “gambler’s fallacy” and the “hot
hand myth”—our research represents the first test for these behaviors using disaggregate data in a real (as opposed to a laboratory)
setting. Finally, we look at the effect of marketing instruments on the both the decision to play and the amount bet. Using
hierarchical Bayesian methods to pin down individual-level parameters, we find that about 8% of the consumers in our sample
can be classified as addicted. We find support in our data for the gambler’s fallacy, but not for the hot hand myth. We find
that marketing instruments positively affect gambling behavior, and that consumers who are more addicted are also affected
by marketing to a greater extent. Specifically, the long-run marketing response is about twice as high for the more addicted
consumers. 相似文献
5.
Urban communities in 21st century America are facing severe economic challenges, ones that suggest a mandate to contemplate
serious changes in the way America does business. The middle class is diminishing in many parts of the country, with consequences
for the economy as a whole. When faced with the loss of its economic base, any business community must make some difficult
decisions about its proper role and responsibilities. Decisions to support the community must be balanced alongside and against
responsibilities to owners, shareholders and relevant “stakeholders” in a relatively new context. Corporations in urban communities
“hollowed out” by white flight or urban sprawl must decide what level of support they can and should provide. This paper examines
corporate decisions within the emerging urban prosperity initiatives, using the framework of integrative social contract theory
proposed by Donaldson and Dunfee. We suggest that urban prosperity initiatives present a mandate on corporations sufficiently
strong as to qualify as an authentic norm. Further, we argue that strict adherence to a corporate bottom line approach or “corporate isolationism” is not congruent
with contemporary community standards.
Anita Cava is an Associate Professor of Business Law at the University of Miami’s School of Business Administration and serves
as Co-Director of the University of Miami’s Ethics Programs, a university-wide entity that promotes research, teaching and
service across the disciplines in areas of ethical interest and concern, and Director of Business Ethics Programs in the SBA.
Professor Cava received her B.A. with Distinction from Swarthmore College and her J.D. from New York University School of
Law, where she was a Hays Fellow. She joined the faculty after several years in private practice in Washington, D.C. and Miami.
Her experience ranged from national employment cases to commercial and consumer litigation. Professor Cava’s teaching specialties
are the legal environment of business and business ethics; here research interests concern legal and ethical aspects of healthcare
administration, business ethics and employment issues. She has published in law reviews and business journals on such topics
as “Advance Directives: Taking Control of End of Life Decisions,” “Law, Ethics and Management: Toward an Effective Audit”
and “The Collision of Rights and s Search for Limits: Free Speech in the Academy and Freedom from Sexual Harassment of Campus”.
Recipient of several School of Business Administration Excellence in Teaching Awards, Anita Cava was honored in 1996 by a
University-wide Excellence in Teaching Award. She regularly teaches in UM’s well-known Executive MBA Program and has received
Teaching Awards from these adult students as well. A frequent speaker on the topic of Business Ethics and Corporate Compliance,
Professor Cava’s audiences have included community groups, management trainees, top executives of several corporations, the
Greater Miami Chamber of Commerce Goals Conference and Leadership Florida, among others.
Don Mayer teaches ethics, legal environment of business, and environmental law at Oakland University in Rochester, Michigan.
He is a full professor in the Department of Management and Marketing at the School of Business. He attended Duke University
Law School (J.D., 1973) and Georgetown University Law Center (Master of International and Comparative Law, 1985) and practiced
law in North Carolina from 1975–1990 after serving in the United States Air Force from 1973–75. He has taught as a visiting
professor at the University of Michigan, California Polytechnic State University, and the University of Iowa. He has been
at Oakland University since 1990 and served as Associate Dean in 2000 and 2001. Professor Mayer has published in related areas
of international law, environmental law, and corporate ethics. Recent publication include “Fort’s ‘Business as Mediating Institution’-A
Holistic View of Corporate Governance and Ethics,” in 41 American Business Law Journal (Summer 2004), “Yes! We Have No Bananas:
Forum Non Conveniens and Corporate Evasion,” Academy of Legal Studies International Business Law Review, vol. 4, at 130 (2004),
and “Corporate Governance in the Cause of Peace: An Environmental Perspective,” Vanderbilt Transnational Law Journal, Vol.
35, No. 2 (March 2002). An article on corporate free speech and the Nike v. Kasky case is forthcoming in the Business Ethics
Quarterly. 相似文献
6.
Erik Brynjolfsson Astrid A. Dick Michael D. Smith 《Quantitative Marketing and Economics》2010,8(1):1-33
Internet shopbots allow consumers to almost instantly compare prices and other characteristics from dozens of sellers via
a single website. We estimate the magnitude of consumer search costs and benefits using data from a major shopbot for books.
For the median consumer, the estimated benefit from simply scrolling down to search lower screens is $6.55. This amounts to
about 60% of the observed price dispersion and suggests that consumers face significant search costs, even in this “nearly-perfect”
market. Price elasticities are relatively high compared to offline markets (−7 to −10 in our base model). Furthermore, contrary
to the common assumption, search intensity is not correlated with greater price sensitivity. Instead, consumers who search
multiple screens put relatively more weight on non-price factors like brand. 相似文献
7.
The Global Economic Ethic Manifesto (“Manifesto”) is a moral framework/code of conduct which is both interactive and interdependent
with the economic function of the main institutions of the economic system: markets, governments, civil society, and supranational
organizations, which lays out a common fundamental vision of what is legitimate, just, and fair in economic activities. The
Manifesto includes five universally accepted principles and values: the principle of humanity; the basic values of non-violence
and respect for life; the basic values of justice and humanity; the basic values of honesty and tolerance; and the basic values
of mutual esteem and partnership. We posit that the Manifesto provides an ethical foundation for explicitly assisting multinational
enterprise's (“MNE”) executive management and boards of directors to meet the moral failures criticisms associated with the
expansion of global capitalism, and similarly how the U.N. Global Compact (“Compact”) is focused on addressing complimentary
market and institutional failures. In this article, we argue how the Compact and the Manifesto complement each other, explaining
how the policies and guidelines of the Compact can now be implemented at the organizational/individual level through a comprehensive
human resource management (HRM) plan supporting the ethical framework of the Manifesto. Finally, we have described how the
Manifesto completes a comprehensive managerial framework (consisting of both the Compact and the Manifesto) for what we term
an “MNE Moral Values-Based Corporate Governance Model.” Ultimately, further research is needed in understanding how much impact
external and internal influences make on creating a sustainable ethical culture in MNEs. 相似文献
8.
This study analyzes the at-will employment doctrine using a tool that encompasses the complementarity of results-based utilitarian
ethics, rule-based duty ethics, and virtue-based character ethics. The paper begins with a discussion of the importance of
the problem followed by its evolution and current status. After describing the method of analysis, the central section evaluates
the employment at-will doctrine, and is informed by Lord Acton’s dictum, “power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts
absolutely.” The conclusion explores the implications of the findings.
This is a revised version of a paper presented at the World Ethics Forum, Oxford University, Oxford, UK April 9–12, 2006. 相似文献
9.
Jeremy Galbreath 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,104(3):421-432
Most studies on climate change response have examined reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Yet these studies do not
take into account ecosystem services constraints and biophysical disruptions wrought by climate change that may require broader
types of response. By studying a firm in the wine industry and using a research approach not constrained by structured methodologies
or biased toward GHG emissions, the findings suggest that both “inside out” and “outside in” actions are taken in response
to climate change. While attempts are made by the firm to curtail and reverse climate change through management of carbon
emissions, evidence suggests a clear pattern of actions designed to adjust to the adverse consequences of climate change as
well. The results both confirm and extend previous findings and suggest that the level and breadth of response to climate
change is shaped by situated attention, structural controls, and industry type. 相似文献
10.
Business and Social Reputation: Exploring the Concept and Main Dimensions of Corporate Reputation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Gregorio Martín de Castro José Emilio Navas López Pedro López Sáez 《Journal of Business Ethics》2006,63(4):361-370
Different theoretical approaches highlight the growing relevance of corporate reputation as strategic factor. Among these
approaches the arguments of the Resource-Based View are special worthwhile (Grant, 1991, California Management Review 33(3), 114–135; Barney, 1999, Sloan Management Review Spring, 137–145). Nevertheless, this topic poses several methodological problems (Barney et al., 2001), as the unavailability
to identify and measure this organizational factor, that is “socially complex” and intangible in its nature. In this work,
using the findings of our empirical research on Spanish biotechnology firms, we carry out an identification and measurement
of corporate reputation, highlighting its two key components: “business reputation” and “social reputation”.
Dr. Gregorio Martín de Castro is Assistant Professor at the Business Administration Department in Universidad Complutense
de Madrid (Spain). He has several years of research experience at CIC Spanish Knowledge Society Research Centre, he holds
an Expert Diploma in Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Management from INSEAD (France), and he was a Post-Doctoral Research
Fellow at Harvard University during 2004–2005. He is author and co-author of several papers concerning Resource-Based View,
Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Management.
Dr. José Emilio Navas López is Professor and Head of the Business Administration Department in Universidad Complutense de
Madrid (Spain). He is author and co-author of several books and papers concerning Technology Management, Strategy and Knowledge
Management. He has held the first Knowledge Management Chair in Spain at I.U. Euroforum Escorial.
Dr. Pedro López Sáez is Assistant Professor at the Business Administration Department in Universidad Complutense de Madrid
(Spain) and he was a Research Fellow at Harvard University during 2004–2005. He has several years of research experience at
CIC Spanish Knowledge Society Research Centre and he is author and co-author of several papers concerning Resource-Based View,
Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Management. 相似文献
11.
Joseph Heath 《Journal of Business Ethics》2007,72(4):359-374
In the economic literature on the firm, especially in the transaction–cost tradition, a sharp distinction is drawn between
so-called “market transactions” and “administered transactions.” This distinction is of enormous importance for business ethics,
since market transactions are governed by the competitive logic of the market, whereas administered transactions are subject
to the cooperative norms that govern collective action in a bureaucracy. The widespread failure to distinguish between these
two types of transactions, and thus to distinguish between adversarial and non-adversarial relations, has led many business
ethicists to develop a “uniform” moral code. Yet in market transactions, the checks and balances built into the system of
commercial exchange are such as to permit more instrumental forms of behavior. In administered transactions, by contrast,
these checks and balances are absent, and thus the institutional context calls for much greater exercise of moral restraint.
In this paper, I begin the task of developing an adversarial ethic for business. According to this view, the competitive environment
licenses a greater range of “self-interested” behavior, but also imposes its own constraints on the strategies that firms
may adopt in the pursuit of their interests.
Joseph Heath is Associate Professor in the Department of Philosophy and the Centre for Ethics at the University of Toronto.
He is the author of three books: Communicative Action and Rational Choice (MIT Press, 2001), The Efficient Society (Penguin,
2001), and with Andrew Potter. The Rebel Sell (HarperCollins, 2004). His research focuses on practical rationality, normative
economics, and critical theory. 相似文献
12.
流通产业因其自身的特性对就业的吸纳能力较强,但由于从业人员规模、产值增长速度、产业内部产值和就业构成比例的偏差等多重因素的影响,东部及中西部地区流通产业对于就业吸纳能力有所不同。本文在简要分析产业结构和就业吸纳力关联机理的基础上,以东部和中西部地区流通产业产值、就业和企业法人数为主要考察变量,对流通产业就业吸纳力做了回归分析。实证结果显示,东部发达地区的流通产业产值和就业对总体就业吸纳能力的影响强于中西部欠发达地区,而限额以上企业法人数对总体就业吸纳呈现负向影响,且东部地区大于中西部地区。本文的主旨是希望通过具体的计量检验与分析,为今后学术界对于流通产业就业吸纳力的理论研究提供更多的实证依据。 相似文献
13.
Brand and Quantity Choice Dynamics Under Price Uncertainty 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We develop a model of household demand for frequently purchased consumer goods that are branded, storable and subject to stochastic price fluctuations. Our framework accounts for how inventories and expectations of future prices affect current period purchase decisions. We estimate our model using scanner data for the ketchup category. Our results indicate that price expectations and the nature of the price process have important effects on demand elasticities. Long-run cross price elasticities of demand are more than twice as great as short-run cross price elasticities. Temporary price cuts (or deals) primarily generate purchase acceleration and category expansion, rather than brand switching. 相似文献
14.
Opportunity Identification and Pursuit: Does an Entrepreneur’s Human Capital Matter? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Extending human capital approaches to entrepreneurship, an entrepreneur’s “inputs” relating to their general (i.e. education
and work experience) and entrepreneurship-specific human capital profile (i.e. business ownership experience, managerial capabilities,
entrepreneurial capabilities and technical capabilities) are presumed to be related to entrepreneurial “outputs” in the form
of business opportunity identification and pursuit. Valid and reliable independent variables were gathered from a stratified
random sample of 588 owners of private firms. Ordered logit analysis was used to test several theoretically derived hypotheses.
With regard to the number of business opportunities identified and pursued, entrepreneurship-specific rather than general
human capital variables “explained” more of the variance. Entrepreneurs reporting higher information search intensity identified
significantly more business opportunities, but they did not pursue markedly more or less opportunities. The use of publications
as a source of information was positively associated with the probability of identifying more opportunities, while information
emanating from personal, professional and business networks was not. Implications for practitioners and researchers are discussed.
相似文献
15.
Emmanuella Plakoyiannaki Kalliopi Mathioudaki Pavlos Dimitratos Yorgos Zotos 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,83(1):101-112
Research on female stereotypes in online advertisements is particularly scant, and thus, we lack evidence on whether women
are depicted in derogatory (stereotypical) terms on the Internet or not. This theme has significant ethical implications.
Hence, the objectives of this study are: (1) to provide evidence on female role portrayals in online advertisements of global
products, and (2) to explore female role portrayals across web pages for different audience types. The results indicate that
women are generally portrayed in a stereotypical way, supporting the notion that sexism is prevalent in online advertisements
worldwide. Portrayal of women across web pages varies considerably, with female-audience web pages embracing “decorative”
female images; male-audience web pages promoting polarizing depictions of women in “dependent” or “non-traditional” roles;
and general-audience web pages using portrayals of women as housewives or equal to men. Overall, the findings suggest that
“traditional” or “decorative” stereotypes are largely evident in all three audience types, although some “non-traditional”
roles may occur. Implications and future research directions are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Kevin Joseph Brown 《Journal of Business Ethics》2010,97(1):35-50
This article specifically aims to address both the economic and ethical implications of mixed communities in the US through
the lens of market failure, and more specifically, the recent subprime financial crisis. Relative to the research of mixed
communities and social integration efforts, I first intend to explore income mix as an explanatory variable of census tract
level foreclosure rates in the state of Ohio, USA. I aim to show that counter-homogenous income communities display a greater
capacity to absorb the adverse affects of the recent subprime financial crisis than concentrated communities of poverty. Second,
I intend to provide an ethical appraisal of foreclosure effect on vulnerable communities using John Rawls’ “Veil of Ignorance”
as an ethical framework by which to evaluate the “fairness” of social segregation. Ethically speaking, a Rawlsian critique
exposes the sub-optimality of concentrated pockets of neighborhood deprivation, where the uneven affects of subprime foreclosures
are not only disproportionately shouldered by lower-income communities, but also found to be unjust. This study is not intended
to suggest the unqualified support of existing US dispersal efforts, but it does contribute to exposing the sub-optimality
and injustices of inert, segregated communities. 相似文献
17.
This research engages with the problem of company–community conflict in mining. The inequitable distributions of risks, impacts,
and benefits are key drivers of resource conflicts and are likely to remain at the forefront of mining-related research and
advocacy. Procedural and interactional forms of justice therefore lie at the very heart of some of the real and ongoing challenges
in mining, including: intractable local-level conflict; emerging global norms and performance standards; and ever-increasing
expectations for the industry to translate high-level corporate social responsibility policy into on-the-ground practice.
This research focuses on the “process” aspects of resource conflicts through an examination of existing grievance-handling
procedures at six mining operations where company–community conflict was present. In their current form, and on their own,
the six mechanisms were found to be insufficient in their capacity to advance justice. The authors argue that if the overall
objective of global norms is that companies construct and perform grievance handling in ways that strongly preference just
practices, then “mechanisms-in-practice” must be better understood and constructively critiqued along all justice dimensions. 相似文献
18.
Peter Jaquette 《Business Economics》2006,41(3):55-60
NABE has been regularly conducting a salary survey of
its members for more than 20 years. More sophisticated
statistical analysis of the salary survey, however, has
been performed infrequently. The regression equation for
NABE members’ total compensation reported here and
implemented on the NABE website provides a tool to
estimate compensation as a function of the characteristics
measured in the NABE Salary Survey. The significant
explanatory variables, functional form, and goodness
of fit are consistent with both earlier research on
NABE members’ compensation and the more general literature. Since there are many characteristics that
influence compensation that are not measured in the
NABE Salary Survey —such as work effort, communications
and other job-related skills, and good luck —the
equation’s results should not be viewed as a precise estimate
of what any one person “should” be paid. But if
compensation is closely related to marginal value product,
then the regression results provide an indication of
what characteristics make NABE members valuable to
their employers.
JEL Classification M210, J310 相似文献
19.
We develop a dynamic partial-equilibrium model to analyse how labour market institutions (wage compression, minimum wages,
unemployment benefits, mobility costs and fixed-costs of self-employment) and learning affect who and when people become self-employed.
We find that certain ability groups of workers become self-employed for both “carrot” and “stick” reasons: Some prefer self-employment
to the low institutionalised wage, while others are not productive enough to qualify for a job at the institutionalised wage.
Furthermore, wage compression and learning may give rise to a class of switchers who start in wage employment and later switch
to self-employment. Several predictions of the model are consistent with observed empirical regularities, such as the existence
of a group of low-skilled self-employed workers, the increasing propensity for self-employment over age groups and the larger
spread in earnings among self-employed. 相似文献
20.
Mark G. Nixon 《Journal of Business Ethics》2007,70(1):39-60
The economic theory of the consumer, which assumes individual satisfaction as its goal and individual freedom to pursue satisfaction
as its sine qua non, has become an important ideological element in political economy. Some have argued that the political dimension of economics
has evolved into a kind of “secular theology” that legitimates free market capitalism, which has become a kind of “religion”
in the United States [Nelson: 1991, Reaching for Heaven on Earth: The Theological Meaning of Economics. (Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc, Savage, Maryland); 2001, Economics as Religion: From Samuelson to Chicago and Beyond (The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, Pennsylvania); Thurow: 1983, Dangerous Currents: The State of Economics (Random House, New York); Milbank: 1990, Theology and Social Theory, Beyond Secular Reason (Basil Blackwell, Cambridge, Massachusetts)]. Consumer theory in its ideological form provides an important base for this
religion and is no longer merely a positive framework for understanding consumer choice or estimating market demand. The paper
explores the view of the human being, the “anthropology,” that is implicit in the economic theory of the consumer and compares
its “theological” implications with the corresponding theological anthropologies in the Judaeo-Christian tradition. The paper
outlines the assumptions of consumer theory and then focuses on three aspects of the theory from a critical theological perspective:
the individual in community, property ownership, and human destiny (or “eschatology” in theological terminology). The principal
conclusion is that consumer theory, viewed from this perspective, leads to a reductionist and existentially harmful view of
human beings. The maximization of individual satisfaction raises genuine ethical issues when viewed as a political and religious
value. The paper argues that the issues could be ameliorated if economists would include more explicit treatment of a social
dimension and ethical alternatives in consumer theory and if theologians would give greater attention to economic theory.
Mark Nixon (mnixon@fordham.edu) is a doctoral student in theology and coordinator of the Master of Arts in Humanities & Sciences
Program at Fordham University, with research interests in postmodern theology, social theory, and ethics. He received his
B.A. (Religion) from Oberlin College, his M.B.A. and M.A. (Political Economy) from Stanford University, and his M.A. (Theology)
from Fordham University. He has also completed the course requirements for the Ph.D. (Economics) at The George Washington
University. His business career included more than 20 years with IBM where he held staff, management and executive positions,
including several years as director of IBM’s Advanced Business Institute. 相似文献