浅析中国当前通货膨胀的原因

当前的通货膨胀是整个国民经济中的热点问题,抑制和防范通货膨胀已经成为我国经济发展的一个重要问题。此次通货膨胀是多种原因综合作用的结果,有成本推动的原因,有结构性原因,还有货币供给量过大的原因等。因此,对我国当前通货膨胀进行治理应当着眼于当前通货膨胀的形成机制,而不是盲目实施紧缩性货币政策和财政政策。     

通货膨胀背景下的中国经济增长

当前我国物价水平仍然较高,与改革开放以来的前几次通货膨胀有所类似.本次通货膨胀的原因也可归结为中国传统增长模式中常出现的“两难困境”,即长期以来,中国经济增长过度依赖于政府投资,银行信贷与货币的发放难以受到控制,经济高增长的同时始终存在着高通货膨胀的风险,而高通货膨胀所带来的企业生产成本的上升反过来又挤压企业经营利润,从而降低经济增长率.可以预计的是,在货币政策作用空间有限的背景下,此次通货膨胀的压力将持续一段时间.能否处理好总量和结构、抑制通货膨胀和促进经济增长的关系,关键取决于货币政策与财政政策的有机配合.     

货币政策的十字路口:通货膨胀与经济下行风险的取舍

最近CPI不断攀升,按照货币学派的理论,其原因就是过去两年过于宽松的货币政策。如今政策的影响已经开始显现,同时欧洲主权债务危机以及美国经济的不佳表现令全球经济前景堪忧,中国许多中小企业在资金压力下也危机重重。一边是高位攀升的通货膨胀,另一边是经济下行的现实风险,站在十字路口,货币政策面临艰难选择。     

货币政策对经济的影响研究

货币政策是国家宏观经济政策的重要组成部分,它在国民经济发展中发挥着越来越重要的作用.随着改革开放不断向纵深推进,中国人民银行已逐渐演变成了国民经济的重要宏观调控部门,货币政策在宏观调控中的地位也越来越重要.我国现阶段货币政策的目标是"稳定币值,并以此促进经济增长".本文探讨如何合理调节货币政策以适应经济增长的需要;如何与其他政策措施相配合,实现经济的发展.     

"稳经济、调结构、控通胀"下的货币政策调整——兼谈通货膨胀目标制的借鉴意义

2010年中央经济工作会议提出2011年的经济工作目标是"保增长、调结构、管理通胀预期",而货币政策从"适度宽松"转为"稳健",意味着宏观经济政策已有明显转向.从通货膨胀目标制政策的国际经验来看,尽管通货膨胀目标制因种种条件与障碍所限,目前无法在我国真正实施,但其框架思路与调控方法对于我国央行短期控制通胀、长期扭转货币...     

我国当前通货膨胀的成因及货币政策的应对抉择

本文通过我国近期通货膨胀成因的分析,积极探讨货币政策对治理通货膨胀的运用策略及效果。并针对当前我国经济发展的新形势,提出了我国货币政策的应对抉择。     

经济稳增长下预期通货膨胀形成因素及影响分析北大核心

为进一步研究我国预期通货膨胀的形成及其影响力时间跨度,进而为通货膨胀预期管理和经济转型提供指导和建议,文章基于我国2010年至2016年的CPI数据,先研究预期通货膨胀与实际通货膨胀两者之间的关系,并进一步研究预期通货膨胀的影响因素,对预期通货膨胀的形成原因进行分析,并基于目前的宏观经济情况和货币政策,进一步提供控制通货膨胀、调整货币政策的相关建议。     

当前我国通货膨胀成因及政策建议

通货膨胀是一国经济健康稳定运行的大敌，鉴于我国自2007年上半年来物价指数的不断攀升，通货膨胀压力增大的现实经济运行情况，文章就当前我国通货膨胀的特点、成因进行分析并以此提出相关的建议。     

本轮通货膨胀的成因及对策

文中对中国目前通货膨胀的形成原因进行了分析,认为本轮通货膨胀的类型是成本推动型,提出了要谨防由结构性通货膨胀演变为全面通货膨胀,并从货币政策和财税政策两个方面分析如何应对本轮通货膨胀。     

关于货币政策的探讨

0引言 货币政策是通过政府对国家的货币、信贷及银行体制的管理来实施的，它涉及经济全局的宏观政策，与财政政策、投资政策、分配政策和外资政策等关系十分密切，必须实施综合配套措施才能保持币值稳定。在实际工作中，我们采取何种货币政策，主要取决于宏观经济发展的需要，当总需求与经济的生产能力相比很低时，使用扩张性的货币政策最合适；在通货膨胀较严重时，采用紧缩性的货币政策较合适。我们要采用适当的货币政策必须掌握货币政策的含义、货币政策的最终目标、货币政策的工具、运用货币政策的主要措施，才能充分发挥作币政策的作用。     

Money,random matching and endogenous growth: A quantitative analysis

In this study, we develop a search-and-matching monetary growth model to analyze the effects of inflation on economic growth and social welfare by introducing endogenous economic growth via capital externality into a two-sector search-and-matching model. We find that the channel through which inflation affects economic growth in the search-and-matching model is different from the traditional cash-in-advance model. To facilitate the calibration, we obtain an empirical estimate of the effects of inflation on economic growth using panel regressions. In the simulation analysis, we quantitatively evaluate the welfare effect of inflation in the search-and-matching endogenous growth model and compare it to a search-and-matching exogenous growth model. We find that the welfare effect of inflation is nonlinear in the endogenous growth model whereas it is linear in the exogenous growth model. Furthermore, we find that the welfare cost of inflation under endogenous growth is up to four times as large as the welfare cost of inflation under exogenous growth.     

News on inflation and the epidemiology of inflation expectations in China

Inflation expectations are important elements in monetary policy analysis. This paper examines how inflation expectations of Chinese consumers and professional forecasters are affected by media sentiments based on the epidemiological foundations of the sticky information model. Rather than assuming professional forecasts are identical to newspaper forecasts, we assume news media are a common source for the transmission of typical people's inflation expectations. We collect media data from 30 leading newspapers and magazines in China and code news reports into three types of inflation: rising, falling, and unchanged. More importantly, we categorize the media pool into comprehensive, economic, and politically oriented media sources. We find a fundamental connection between news media and inflation expectations. However, there are significantly different impacts of news reports in different media sources on expectations. The difference is mainly concentrated in politically oriented media sources, and may be a reflection of China's unique media administration system.     

The Political Economy of Low Inflation

What are the politics of inflation? This question is usually raised solely when inflation rates are high. All levels of inflation, however, high and low, are the outcome of political conflicts. But no current approach to the study of inflation — sociological, neoclassical, modern political economy — adequately captures the full range of political issues at stake, and this leads to problems for both theory and policy. This paper critiques the existing perspectives on inflation and then focuses on three theoretical issues raised by those critiques: the economic costs of inflation; the concept of monetary neutrality from economic and political perspectives; and the importance of disaggregating economic growth statistics. Finally, the paper introduces and explores a contending approach to the analysis of the political economy of inflation: a ‘micro‐politics’ perspective. This approach is the only one to address the politics of low inflation, which is of great significance for contemporary political economy.     

中国是否存在最优通货膨胀区间——通货膨胀和经济增长关系实证研究

利用门限回归模型(threshold regression model)分析中国通货膨胀与经济增长之间的关系,实证研究发现中国通货膨胀对经济增长的影响不是单一形态,而是具有非线性特征。中国经济存在最优通货膨胀区间1.4%～5.1%,而当通货膨胀高于5.1%或低于1.4%时,通货膨胀(通过影响生产要素)对经济增长有负的影响。     

中国输入型通货膨胀特征研究:程度、来源及渠道

在经济转轨与产业升级的历史进程中通货膨胀一直是焦点问题。本文将中国分别纳入与代表性发达经济体和发展中经济体构成的经济系统,提炼双向通胀溢出特征,认知中国输入型通胀的程度、来源和主要传导渠道。实证结果表明：中国受到来自发达经济体和发展中经济体两个方面的通胀影响,与内源性形成四六开格局;输入型通胀的影响在三个季度到一年的时间段尤为突出;并且来自贸易渠道的影响强于来自外国直接投资的影响。     

Catching-up and inflation in Europe: Balassa–Samuelson, Engel's Law and other culprits

This study analyses the impact of economic catching-up on annual inflation rates in the European Union with a special focus on the new member countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Using an array of estimation methods, we show that the Balassa-Samuelson effect is not an important driver of inflation rates. By contrast, we find that the initial price level and regulated prices strongly affect inflation outcomes in a nonlinear manner and that the extension of Engel's Law may hold during periods of very fast growth. We interpret these results as a sign that price level convergence comes from goods, market and non-market service prices. Furthermore, we find that the Phillips curve flattens with a decline in the inflation rate, that inflation is more persistent and that commodity prices have a stronger effect on inflation in a higher inflation environment.     

THE MEASURE OF INFLATION

Different measures of inflation have their pros and cons. Changing the Monetary Policy Committee's inflation target to an inflation measure that excludes housing costs and is not widely used by economic decision-makers may well be problematic.     

通货膨胀传导机制研究——基于货币供给和经济增长的视角

通货膨胀管理是宏观经济的重要内容,通货膨胀、货币供给和经济增长之间互相影响、互相制约。本文利用中国2005年1月～2010年3月度数据构建模型分析,得出结论:(1)短期影响消费者物价指数的因素主要是国内生产总值增长率,长期控制消费者物价指数上涨的要素主要是货币的供给;(2)宏观经济形势稳定条件下通货膨胀、货币供给和经济增长之间具有长期协整关系;(3)消费者物价指数对自身的波动具有较强的累积效果,经济增长贡献了消费者物价指数波动的55%,而广义货币的这一比例仅为18%;(4)中国货币收入的真实需求弹性为1.152,这一数据远高于发达国家的水平。文章最后给出了相应的政策性建议。     

From inflation to exchange rate targeting: Estimating the stabilization effects for a small open economy

This paper attempts to estimate possible losses in macroeconomic stabilization due to a move from inflation to exchange rate targeting on the example of the Czech Republic. The authors use an estimated New Keynesian policy model, typical inflation and exchange rate targeting rules, and representative central bank loss functions to carry out these estimations. The authors find that for the Czech Republic, moving from the historically applied inflation targeting to optimized exchange rate targeting should not involve any significant losses in macroeconomic stabilization. However, the Czech National Bank could improve its stabilization outcomes while remaining an inflation targeter. This requires the Czech National Bank to respond more strongly to increasing expected future inflation and to be less concerned about an opening output gap when adjusting its policy rate. Moving then from such optimized inflation targeting to optimized exchange rate targeting can result in significant losses in economic stabilization in the magnitude of 0.4–2% points of GDP growth.     

Inflation, output, and stock prices: Evidence from two major emerging markets

Research in economics and finance documents a puzzling negative relationship between stock returns and inflation rates in markets of industrialized economies. The present study investigates this relationship for Korea and Mexico. We show that the negative relationship between the real stock returns and unexpected inflation persists after purging inflation of the effects of the real economic activity. Johansen and Juselius cointegration tests verify that the long-run equilibrium between stock prices and general price levels is weak. However, in both economies, stock prices and general price levels seem to show a strong long-run equilibrium with the real economic activity. This paper benefited from the constructive suggestions of an anonymous referee. The remaining errors are the authors’ responsibility. Financial support from the Dr. Robert B. Pamplin, Jr., School of Business Administration, University of Portland, is greatly appreciated.