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《林业经济》2020,(3)
中国原木进口的对外依存度很高。在有管理的浮动汇率制度下,人民币汇率波动对中国原木进口的影响成为热点问题。在协整分析框架下,利用2000~2018年的月度时间序列数据,从汇率水平和汇率波动风险两个视角检验了该问题的研究结果。其中,汇率波动风险采用广义自回归条件异方差模型进行测度。实证结果显示,人民币汇率从汇率水平和汇率波动风险两个渠道对中国原木进口施加影响。从数值上看,人民币实际有效汇率水平对原木进口量有正向影响,弹性系数为1.15,汇率波动风险对原木进口量有负面影响,弹性系数为-0.40。这一效应反映汇率对中国原木进口的影响具有两面性。人民币升值有利于原木进口,但其升值带来的波动又会抑制原木进口的增长。其他变量的影响基本符合理论预期。经济产出水平对原木进口量有正向影响,弹性系数为0.55,原木实际进口价格对原木进口量有负面影响,弹性系数为-0.66。向量误差修正模型的估计结果显示,上述变量对中国原木进口的长期影响在短期内也存在。研究结论有助于认知人民币汇率波动对中国原木进口的影响机制,为预判人民币汇率波动背景下中国原木进口的未来走势提供科学依据。 相似文献
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基于2008—2017年中国与常年贸易伙伴国的数据样本,运用面板数据估计方法分别测算了国产原木、锯材与进口原木、锯材之间的Armington替代弹性,并分三阶段分组检验,还测算了中国原木、锯材主要进口来源国的出口产出弹性。结果显示:国产原木、锯材与进口原木、锯材之间具有较低的可替代性,且可替代性均呈下降趋势;内外材差异化程度较大,对国外进口木材具有长期的进口依赖性;原木进口市场供给风险较大,新西兰、澳大利亚供给安全性强,美国、巴布亚新几内亚、俄罗斯进口风险大;锯材进口市场的供给较稳定,泰国、巴西和马来西亚等国供给潜力大。因此,中国应大力发展培育国内优质大径材和珍贵树材,建设培育基地,提高优质木材供给能力;寻找珍贵木材的替代材料,通过技术开发生产替代产品;加强境外森林资源的开发利用,调整木材进口来源,减少对高风险国家的进口依赖。 相似文献
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在分析认识中国木材供需矛盾问题的基础上,对中国的原木进口和国际非法采伐加剧原木非法贸易之间的关系进行了探讨。中国原木进口依存度高,非法原木进口防范程度低,缺乏应有的进口门槛,行业自律机制不健全,给非法原木贸易提供了机会。为进一步探讨国际反原木非法贸易对中国原木进口需求的影响,文章采用差异化进口需求模型方法,分析了国际打击原木非法贸易背景下中国原木进口需求的相关数量变化关系。研究结果表明,中国的原木进口正在朝着理性的方向进展,来自美国、新西兰的原木进口比重日益增加而来自非法原木高危国的原木进口日益减少。基于研究提出中国应提高自身的生产能力以及完善合法认证体系,降低原木的进口依赖,同时发挥大国作用,一起推动非法原木高危国的木材合法认证体系的发展。 相似文献
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中国原木进口量价齐增的原因及对策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
中国原木产品的国际贸易依存度一直较高,特别是自2010年以来,中国原木进口出现了高价位上进口量激增的现象,以进口原木为主要原材料的中国家具出口也创下历史新高。这一现象不得不引起我们的注意,原木进口来源国集中限制了进口原木的定价话语权,旺盛的国内需求成为高进口价的重要拉动力量,分析原木进口量价齐增的原因,并找到相应的对策已经成为当务之急。 相似文献
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The monthly data of China's log import from January 2000 to December 2013 are used to estimate the import demand elasticities, with the consideration of possible price endogeneity due to China's large share of the international log market, and structural break caused by global financial crisis in 2008. To address the possible structural break, cointegration tests allowing for a deterministic shift in the level of the variables are employed, and a two-stage estimation with top-down sequential elimination algorithm is performed on the restricted subset VECM. The results demonstrate that there exists a long-run cointegration relationship between China's log import and the explanatory variables. The import elasticities of macroeconomic development and import price are around 0.76 and −0.81, respectively. Other things being equal, the structural break would induce a 29.6% decline in China's log import. All the above parameters are significant at the 1% risk level. Furthermore, the contribution decomposition analysis suggests that China's macroeconomic development plays a dominant role in determining its log import, which implies that China's log import would not increase as quickly as before, given that its economy is shifting into the “New Normal State”. This conjecture is supported by our simulations, which indicate that, by 2020, the growth rate of China's log import will be lower than it has been in the past and the import volume would be approximately 1.1–1.6 times greater compared to imports in 2013. 相似文献
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基于联合国贸易数据库林产品数据,应用恒定市场份额模型,探究1998—2018年造成中国进口俄罗斯木质林产品贸易波动现象的影响因素。结果表明:1998—2018年,中国进口俄罗斯木质林产品贸易集中于资源密集型和需求增长较快的产品,且贸易波动呈现出明显的阶段性;中国进口俄罗斯木质林产品总额波动现象受产品结构、市场规模、竞争力等多种因素影响,其中中国进口结构和国内市场需求是贸易波动的主要因素;此外,中俄林产品贸易还受到世界经济环境的影响。因此,中国应寻找其他进口渠道,减少对俄罗斯供给的依赖,保障中国木质林产品产业安全,密切关注两国经济政策变化,及时调整进口贸易策略,促进中俄木质林产品贸易的健康稳定发展。 相似文献
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Mexico is the world's largest importer of non-fat dry milk (NFDM) and imports of cheese, fluid milk, and whey have increased rapidly in the past four years. In the wake of GATT and the NAFTA, as well as recent economic developments in Mexico, world dairy markets will be affected as a result of changes in the Mexican dairy sector. The study analyzes both domestic and import demand for dairy products in Mexico to determine price and income elasticities as well as import elasticities. The results indicate that the demand for fluid milk is the most responsive to price changes and NFDM demand is inelastic with respect to its own price. There is little subtitution between fluid milk and non-fat dry milk, although fluid milk is relatively elastic, which suggests the existence of other substitutes for fluid milk. Estimation of import demand equations reveal similar trends in response to price changes, but income elasticity of imports was highest for fluid milk which suggests that Mexico will import possibly more fluid than dry milk as incomes rise. The exchange rate was the most significant variable influencing all dairy product imports. 相似文献
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我国原木进口变化趋势及其影响因素 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
随着我国经济飞速发展,国内对木材的需求不断增长,而我国木材产量无法满足国内旺盛的需求,木材供求矛盾日益突出。因此,近10年来我国木材进口量大幅增长,特别是原木的进口量占了很大比重。文章先简要介绍了我国木材产量和原木进口情况,然后分别描述了木材产品进口结构的变化和原木进口来源地的变化,最后分析了影响原木进口变化的诸多因素,指出生产效率、社会政策和便利性是促使我国原木进口高速增长的主要因素。 相似文献
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《国际粮食与农业综合企业市场学杂志》2013,25(2):45-62
This paper presents an applied econometric analysis of total (domestic and import) demand for beef in Hong Kong for the period 1970 to 1988. The estimates are in logarithmic form and provide elasticity estimates for beef demand (domestic and import) in Hong Kong. Variables in the estimated domestic demand models (per capita and aggregate) include own price, prices of a substitute (pork) and a complement (rice) and income. Variables in the estimated import demand model include demand side variables (price of beef, price of pork, price of rice and income) and the price of imported live cattle as a supply shifting variable. The elasticities were inelastic for the domestic demand models while most of those for the import demand model were elastic. 相似文献