银行资本监管标准与信贷顺周期波动研究

随着资本监管在全球范围内的普遍实施,资本充足率成为影响银行信贷行为的一个重要约束条件。次贷危机后,出于宏观审慎监管的考虑,巴塞尔协议提高了银行监管资本充足率监管要求,并主张建立逆周期资本缓冲机制。通过建立监管资本约束下的银行信贷最优选择行为的比较静态分析表明,银行资本金下降或资本充足率要求提高,那么在宏观经济波动时,银行信贷的波动幅度会更大。银行的实际资本充足率与资本监管标准和银行信贷供给对经济波动的敏感性紧密相关,而银行的资本缓冲是信贷顺周期波动幅度的决定性影响因素。该分析表明巴塞尔协议Ⅲ提高资本充足率要求会增强银行资本监管的顺周期效应;在宏观审慎监管框架下,经济扩张时期要求银行提高资本缓冲数额,是比提高资本充足率监管标准更为审慎和稳健的政策措施。     

资本充足率监管对我国商业银行信贷扩张的影响分析

资本充足率监管是商业银行审慎监管的核心。严格实施资本充足率监管对商业银行的信贷扩张有重大影响,表现为资本充足率高的银行,其面临的资本监管的压力会较小,相对应的其信贷可以保持适度扩张速度;相反,资本充足率水平低的银行,其受到监管的压力会较大,为满足监管要求,会降低其信贷扩张速度。分析我国资本充足率监管对商业银行信贷扩张的影响,对于我国更好地实施资本充足率监管制度有重要借鉴意义。     

新资本协议内部评级法各参数间影响关系研究

为了提升我国银行业的国际化水平和风险管理能力,银监会对国内部分大型银行提出了实施新资本协议的要求。本文通过对2006年颁布的新资本协议监管资本充足率计算公式的定量研究,力图解释风险参数违约概率、违约损失率、期限对银行监管资本充足率的影响,通过比较银行业务监管资本计算公式的差异,得出如下结论违约概率对资本充足率的影响呈抛物线趋势,巴塞尔委员会对银行零售业务给与了风险优惠政策,银行的不同业务发展倾向对银行资本充足率有较大影响。     

资本缓冲对中国商业银行行为的影响——基于审慎监管视角

国际金融危机的爆发引起了人们对资本缓冲如何影响银行行为更为广泛的关注。笔者构建动态面板数据模型估计目标资本充足率,在此基础上检验资本缓冲对银行资产和资本结构调整行为的影响。研究结果表明,2003—2012年,资本缓冲对中国商业银行资产配置和融资行为具有重要影响,资产缓冲较高的银行会发放更多贷款,持有更多高风险资产,但补充资本的激励不足;资本缓冲对银行行为的影响取决于监管惩罚措施的执行,资本监管的"硬约束"增强了银行调整风险偏好、采用股权融资补充核心资本以满足外部监管要求的动力。笔者的研究发现为后危机时代监管当局的逆周期资本监管政策提供了经验证据。     

我国银行业资本充足监管效应分析

2008年金融危机爆发,国外众多金融机构破产,使得资本充足率的监管再次成为关注的焦点。探讨资本充足率监管政策效应具有很大的理论价值和现实意义。本文在引言中讲述了研究背景、内容及其意义,并对我国商业银行资本充足率监管的现状进行了简单的介绍。接下来对国内外学者关于资本充足性监管对商业银行绩效影响的文献进行综述,发现国内外学者对于这个问题没有一致的看法。进而结合我国资本充足性监管对商业银行绩效影响的现实状况,选取2006-2010年五年间我国10家相对具有代表性的上市银行的数据样本,对《商业银行资本充足率管理办法》实施一段时间后,资本充足性监管对我国商业银行绩效产生何种影响进行实证分析。计量结果显示,资本充足率监管对银行绩效影响显著。     

我国银行业资本充足监管效应分析

2008年金融危机爆发,国外众多金融机构破产,使得资本充足率的监管再次成为关注的焦点。探讨资本充足率监管政策效应具有很大的理论价值和现实意义。本文在引言中讲述了研究背景、内容及其意义,并对我国商业银行资本充足率监管的现状进行了简单的介绍。接下来对国内外学者关于资本充足性监管对商业银行绩效影响的文献进行综述,发现国内外学者对于这个问题没有一致的看法。进而结合我国资本充足性监管对商业银行绩效影响的现实状况,选取2006-2010年五年间我国10家相对具有代表性的上市银行的数据样本,对《商业银行资本充足率管理办法》实施一段时间后,资本充足性监管对我国商业银行绩效产生何种影响进行实证分析。计量结果显示,资本充足率监管对银行绩效影响显著。     

巴塞尔协议Ⅲ、风险厌恶与银行绩效——基于中国商业银行2004～2008年面板数据的实证分析

依据巴塞尔协议III标准,中国银监会推出的四大监管工具将会对中国商业银行产生怎样的影响?首先,借鉴CAPM模型,理论分析发现,资本充足率要求监管下的破产概率的均衡解要小于无资本充足率要求监管下的均衡解。其次,选取29家中国商业银行样本,用Z-score测度银行风险厌恶程度,实证分析发现,Z-score与资本充足率呈正相关,且与流动比呈负相关;绩效与Z-score和流动比呈正相关,且与贷款拨备率呈负相关。总之,四大监管工具的实施与管理,有利于提高Z-score,增大风险厌恶程度,降低破产概率,提高银行绩效。     

巴塞尔协议Ⅲ、风险厌恶与银行绩效——基于中国商业银行2004～2008年面板数据的实证分析北大核心CSSCISSCI

依据巴塞尔协议III标准,中国银监会推出的四大监管工具将会对中国商业银行产生怎样的影响?首先,借鉴CAPM模型,理论分析发现,资本充足率要求监管下的破产概率的均衡解要小于无资本充足率要求监管下的均衡解。其次,选取29家中国商业银行样本,用Z-score测度银行风险厌恶程度,实证分析发现,Z-score与资本充足率呈正相关,且与流动比呈负相关;绩效与Z-score和流动比呈正相关,且与贷款拨备率呈负相关。总之,四大监管工具的实施与管理,有利于提高Z-score,增大风险厌恶程度,降低破产概率,提高银行绩效。     

资本充足率监管要求对银行信贷扩张影响程度的实证研究

文章梳理了资本充足率监管要求与银行信贷扩张关系的有关文献。利用计量模型,对2009~2019年间我国比较有代表性的12家上市银行,就资本充足率的监管要求对银行信贷产生的影响展开实证研究。通过研究发现,银行信贷扩张主要影响因素是银行存款数、银行总资产收益水平和贷款利率,监管当局的最低资本要求未对信贷扩张产生很强的影响。最后,结合当前风险监管现状,为完善资本监管及银行风险管理提出对策建议。     

社会资本对中小企业债务融资可得性和融资结构影响研究——基于创业板上市公司的实证分析

本文以深圳证券交易所创业板上市的171家公司为样本,选取企业横向社会资本、纵向社会资本和企业特有社会资本等三个维度7个指标,构建企业社会资本度量指标体系,采用固定时间效应模型的均衡面板数据分析方法,研究社会资本对企业债务融资可得性和融资结构的影响。研究结果显示,政企关系对企业债务融资可得性有不显著正向影响,但企业高管曾在银行任职、银企借贷关系时间和银企多元化关系对企业债务融资具有显著正向促进作用,国有控股和机构投资者控股则对其具有显著负向影响,无形资产对企业债务融资具有正向影响。企业社会资本都有助于企业获得长期债务融资。除此之外,企业营业利润率、企业实际税率、企业规模、资产担保价值和企业成长性都对企业债务融资可得性和融资结构具有一定的影响。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.     

Commodity financialization and sector ETFs: Evidence from crude oil futures

We investigate the diversification benefits of energy assets in the setting of commodity financialization using data on crude oil futures and Sector ETFs (SPDRs). Correlations between commodities and financial assets increased during the post-Commodity Futures Modernization Act (CFMA)/commodity bull cycle period, resulting in lower benefits of diversification. However, we find that conditional correlations between crude oil futures and sector ETFs meaningfully increased only since the 2008–09 financial crisis. The results therefore suggest that the financial crisis, rather than CFMA regulation, explains changes in the diversification benefits of commodities. Moreover, we find that oil futures returns are less correlated with SPDRs than with the S&P index. Thus, energy futures, and crude oil in particular, offer the potential for diversification benefits in sector-style investing.     

Dutch accounting in Japan 1609-1850: isolation or observation?

The trading station or factory maintained by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was Japan's sole window on the Western world during most of the Tokugawa period (1600-1868). While many aspects of the factory's role in Dutch/Japanese cultural exchange have been researched little is known in the West of the accounting at the factory. This paper considers the possibility that double-entry bookkeeping employed by the Dutch may have been diffused to the Japanese. The available evidence is synthesized after considering the accounting system in the Dutch factory.