Country Portfolio and Taxation: Evidence from Japan

Journal of Business Ethics - This study investigates the conditions under which host country portfolios are more likely to regularize corporate tax behavior. We use a sample comprising data on...     

Commission deregulation and performance of securities firms: Further evidence from Japan

This study explores the impacts on small securities firms’ performance of the multi-stage commission deregulation in Japan from 1994 to 1999. Different from previous findings, market volume does not rise while commission rates fall following each phase of the deregulation. Therefore, securities firms’ stock performance tends to decline as the deregulation proceeds, contrasting with the stock price increase reported previously. Moreover, the negative price effect tends to vary with firm size and deregulation phase, consistent with the fact that securities firms of different sizes depend to different extent on commission income from transactions covered by different phases of the deregulation.     

Small Business Credit Scoring and Its Pitfalls: Evidence from Japan

This paper studies the Japanese credit scoring market using data on 2,000 small and medium‐sized enterprises and a small business credit scoring (SBCS) model widely used in the market. After constructing a model for determining a bank's profit maximization, some simulation exercises are conducted, and pitfalls of lending based on SBCS are indicated. The simulation results suggest that the reason why SBCS loan losses occur would be the combination of adverse selection and window‐dressing problems. In addition, omitted variable bias and transparency of financial statements are important.     

Estimation Uncertainty and the Equity Premium*

This paper studies a dynamic equilibrium model of asset prices in a partially observable exchange economy. It shows that the precautionary savings motive in response to estimation uncertainty can dominate the risk aversion effect, resulting in the reduction of the equity premium over short horizons. This exacerbates the equity premium puzzle. Over longer holding horizons, however, estimation uncertainty does induce higher risk premiums on equity over risk‐free coupon bonds of matching maturities, as long‐term bond yields are lowered due to the precautionary savings effect.     

大股东控制下的股权融资依赖与投资行为研究——基于行为财务视角

基于行为公司财务研究视角,文章首先阐释了股票误定价影响企业投资行为的机制.然后,结合我国上市公司大股东股权融资的利益侵占动机分析,对不同股权融资依赖程度的公司投资行为进行了实证研究.结果发现:在取得了股权融资的公司中,股票市价与企业投资水平显著正相关;股权融资的依赖程度越大,企业投资水平对股票市价的敏感性越高;大股东控制与股票市价的交互作用对公司投资规模的推动效果,显著高于单一的股票市价因素.文章结论的含义与启示在于:尽管股票定价偏差的非市场效率因素对公司投资行为具有独立的影响,但其影响程度因公司治理模式和所有权控制特征的不同而存在明显差异.     

On the Behavior and Determinants of Risk‐Based Capital Ratios: Revisiting the Evidence from UK Banking Institutions*

Using bank‐level panel data from the United Kingdom, this paper investigates the factors that influence banks' choice of risk‐based capital ratios. The study focuses on evaluating the role of regulatory capital requirements. Findings indicate that such requirements, even when not binding, affect banks' capital management practices and suggest that banks maintain targeted buffers above regulatory thresholds. That behavior differs across several dimensions, including bank size, nearness to regulatory minimum, reliance on core (equity) capital and exposure to market discipline. Capital ratios also vary over the economic cycle. These findings have implications for the ongoing review of international capital standards.     

政府经济人行为与国有产权流动性——基于北京产权交易所数据分析

在中国,政府为了自身利益,会对转让的国有资产设置各种条件,从而影响到国有产权的流动性。利用北京产权交易所公布的2007年12月—2008年12月的742项产权交易项目数据,对国有产权流动性及其影响因素进行分析,结果发现:转让产权比例越高,挂牌价格越高,标的企业员工越多,产权流动性越小,产权市场成交时间越长;从受让条件看,对意向受让方资本要求越高,支付期限要求越短,承担债务压力越多,产权流动性越小;此外,产权转让监管机构级别越高,产权流动性越小。     

经理股票期权制在美、日的发展及对我国的启示

经理股票期权制是公司所有者赋予经理人的一项长期薪酬激励机制。美国是经理股票期权制的发源地 ,而日本的初始条件与我国相似之处。经理股票期权制在美国、日本的产生、发展的社会背景及现实条件对我国具有指导和借鉴意义     

Pricing of Mutual Fund Services in Retirement Plans: Evidence from Open-End Equity Funds

Management fees of mutual funds are more costly to investors than is often realized. Moreover, research indicates that in many cases, the fees are not related to performance, contrary to what might be expected from an efficient market. This study uses sample data to illustrate the consequences of inefficiency to an individual investor. It then turns to an empirical examination of the determinants of the ratio of management fees to total assets (MER), investigating market concentration, fund performance, and non-performance characteristics as explanatory variables. All of these classes of variables contributed to the variation of MERs . JEL Classification G23     

基于股东权益最大化的物流基地项目建设和经营策略选择

物流业作为生产型服务业的支柱之一,被公认是促进经济发展的新的增长点。其中,物流基地建设又被看做是推动区域经济和城市物流发展的重要途径。本文以股份制物流基地为研究对象,从项目建设主体和经营主体的选择入手,探索物流基地建设和发展的策略问题及实现物流基地股东权益最大化的途径。     

Corporate Diversification and Firm Value: Evidence from Post‐1997 Data*

In 1997, SFAS 131 established a new segment‐reporting standard for US public companies. Using measures of diversification based on the diversity in segment‐industry characteristics and controlling for endogeneity of the diversification decision, we document a diversification premium in our post‐1997 period. We find significant positive effects of cash flow diversity, leverage diversity and profitability diversity on excess value, consistent with the efficient internal capital market hypothesis. We also find that the size of the diversification premium in the post‐1997 data is negatively correlated with the degree of diversification and positively correlated with firm size. In contrast, we find that the pre‐1998 data typically generates a diversification discount, but the effect is statistically less significant when endogeneity is controlled for. Thus, the diversification discount documented in earlier studies can be an artifact of the pre‐1998 data or a failure to control for endogeneity.     

The Virtuous Influence of Ethical Leadership Behavior: Evidence from the Field

This study examines a moderated/mediated model of ethical leadership on follower job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment. We proposed that managers have the potential to be agents of virtue or vice within organizations. Specifically, through ethical leadership behavior we argued that managers can virtuously influence perceptions of ethical climate, which in turn will positively impact organizational members’ flourishing as measured by job satisfaction and affective commitment to the organization. We also hypothesized that perceptions of interactional justice would moderate the ethical leadership-to-climate relationship. Our results indicate that ethical leadership has both a direct and indirect influence on follower job satisfaction and affective commitment. The indirect effect of ethical leadership involves shaping perceptions of ethical climate, which in turn, engender greater job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment. Furthermore, when interactional justice is perceived to be high, this strengthens the ethical leadership-to-climate relationship.     

Dividends Behavior in State- Versus Family-Controlled Firms: Evidence from Hong Kong

This study comparatively examines the dividends behavior in state-controlled firms versus family-controlled firms. With the sample of large industrial firms listed on the Main Board of Hong Kong Stock Exchange, we investigate the dividends payment rates, stability of dividends payment, the effects of firm size, profitability and growth opportunity on likelihood to pay dividends, as well as the concentration of dividend in state-controlled versus family-controlled firms. Based on the findings, we derive some ethical implications of dividends policy regarding the differences in business ethical behavior, corporate social responsibility, corporate governance, business sustainability, and shareholder activism in state-controlled versus family-controlled firms, as well as the improvement in these respects through cross-listing in Hong Kong.     

金字塔结构和权益资本成本:理论分析与经验证据

本文以东亚8个国家/地区为研究对象,考察金字塔结构对权益资本成本的影响.研究发现,在金字塔结构下,由于存在控制权与现金流所有权的分离,使得其控股股东既不受控制权市场的威胁,又可以外部化大多数经济后果,从而加剧控股股东与外部投资者之间的代理冲突.这一代理冲突,直接影响投资者对公司未来现金流量的预期,使得外部投资者面临更严重的信息风险.外部投资者因此要求更高的风险补偿,从而提高了公司的权益资本成本.文中的实证分析为此提供了经验证据.     

R&D intensity and acquisition and divestiture of corporate assets: Evidence from Japan

This article provides evidence from Japanese acquisitions and divestitures after the late 1990s on the effect of corporate R&D to stimulate inter-firm asset trade. Consistent with the notion that R&D increases a firm's opportunities for and ability to profit from synergy with external assets, regressions performed on a sample of publicly traded manufacturers reveal that R&D intensity and the breadth of patented technologies positively and significantly correlate with a firm's probabilities to acquire and sell off assets. The link of R&D and divestiture is qualitatively homogeneous across industries and time but the positive and significant R&D-acquisition link concentrates in industries where the interdependence of firms’ innovative activities is relatively high and time when firms likely had large pent-up demand for asset trade.     

Cartelization,Cartel Breakdown,and Price Behavior: Evidence from the German Cement Industry

We use a unique dataset of about 340,000 market transactions from 36 smaller and larger customers of German cement producers to study the price behavior before and after the breakdown of a German cement cartel. We find that, first, while the cartel agreement was active, cartel members set higher list prices than non-cartel members; however, larger rebates granted by the cartel members led to similar transaction prices. Second, after the cartel breakdown, both cartel- and non-cartel members reduced transaction prices to a far larger extent than list prices. We build on these results and discuss implications for competition policy.     

境内企业兼并重组的影响因素研究——基于外资并购股权结构的分析

本文从外资并购股权结构层面,分析所有制与市场化对我国境内企业兼并重组的影响。实证检验表明:第一,并购国有企业促使外商投资者降低并购股权水平;当外商投资者采取高标的并购股权水平时,这种负相关更显著。第二,市场化与外商投资者的并购股权水平存在非线性U型关系,但这种U型关系主要存在于并购非国有企业的情况,而并购国有企业时市场化与外商投资者的并购股权水平只存在线性负相关;当外商投资者采取高标的并购股权水平时,相应的U型关系与线性负相关比较显著。第三,来自港澳台与非港澳台的投资者在并购国有企业时都会降低并购股权水平,但这种行为对来自非港澳台的投资者更突出;市场化与并购股权水平的U型关系对来自港澳台的投资者而言显著存在,但这种U型关系对来自非港澳台的投资者而言只得到局部验证。     

汇率目标区:中国金融进一步开放中汇率制度的选择

中国现存的汇率制度效率较低,有一定风险,且央行管制成本较高,故存在着重新选择的必然态势.本文首先给出了Krugman目标区汇率的理论分析及其检验结果,在此基础上论证了目标区汇率的优点以及对于中国的适用性,从而逻辑地推导出:中国金融进一步开放中,目标区汇率是一个现实的、较优的选择.     

Organizational Consequences, Marketing Ethics and Salesforce Supervision: Further Empirical Evidence

This study comparatively examines supervisory reactions of Turkish sales managers to potentially ethical and unethical salesperson behaviors while replicating Hunt and Vasquez-Parraga (1993). Four scenarios representing ethical and unethical conditions of over-stating plant capacity utilization and over-recommending expensive products were presented to the managers. As a result of this comparative study, it is empirically demonstrated that Turkish managers primarily rely on the inherent rightness of a behavior with a focus on the individual (i.e., deontological evaluations) in determining whether a salesperson's behaviors ethical or unethical, but the moral worth of a behavior (i.e., teleological evaluations) also play a role. Turkish managers rely both on the deontological and teleological evaluations in determining their intention to intervene through discipline and rewards. Furthermore, the results are consistent with Hunt and Vitell (1986), Etzioni's moderate deontology and inconsistent with the P-utility theory and ethical egoism.