Post-Crisis Experiments in Development Finance Architectures: A Hirschmanian Perspective On ‘Productive Incoherence’

Abstract

The Asian and especially the global crisis of 2008 have catalyzed decentralization of the developing world’s financial governance architecture. I understand this state of affairs via the concept of “productive incoherence” which is apparent in a denser, multilayered development financial architecture that is emerging as a consequence of heterogeneous practical adjustments to changing circumstances rather than as the embodiment of a coherent doctrine. Drawing on Albert Hirschman, I argue that the absence of an encompassing theoretical blueprint for a new economic system—i.e. a new “ism” to replace neoliberalism—is in fact a vitally important virtue. If we cannot live without a new “ism,” I propose “Hirschmanian Possibilism” as a new doctrine—one that rejects an overarching theoretical framework from which to deduce the singly appropriate institutional structure of the economy. Hirschmanian Possibilism asserts instead the value of productive incoherence as a framework for pursuing democratic, ethically viable development institutions.     

基于金融生态的新型农村金融机构发展障碍与对策

金融生态是由金融生态主体、金融生态环境与金融生态调节构成的有机系统。目前,新型农村金融机构发展较为缓慢,制约其可持续发展的障碍因素从金融生态主体方面看主要是经营人才缺乏、资金来源不足、创新能力不足和盈利能力有限,从金融生态环境方面看主要是农村信用体系不完善和群众认知程度低,从金融生态调节上看主要是自身内部调节与社会外部调节机制均不健全。为推进新型农村金融机构进一步发展,需要健全其金融生态主体,优化其金融生态环境和健全其金融生态调节机制。     

金融危机视角下中国金融企业跨国并购研究

受金融危机影响,美国甚至全球的金融业都进入了一个低谷.欧美许多大型金融机构资产贬值,价值被低估,股价也出现大幅下挫.可以说,流动性充沛的中国金融企业迎来了并购的良机.但受国内金融市场发展程度和金融企业自身能力限制,跨国并购之路并非一帆风顺.本文对比分析了国内金融企业在跨国并购中的机遇与挑战,并进一步通过案例分析,总结了并购中的经验教训,得出中国金融企业在金融危机背景下的海外并购应持谨慎态度,不可盲目抄底.目前,中国金融企业最重要的是把国内的业务做好,等待时机.确保金融业稳定比什么都重要.     

Resilience and Dynamism of Embedded Financial Transactions in Cameroon

Following the recent financial crisis, institutional economists have issued a “call” for institutionalist research on alternative financial systems. While suggestions have been forthcoming, (for example, in Volume 48, Issue 4 of the Journal of Economic Issues), most have centered on national-level innovations in advanced capitalist countries, prompting further calls for “community” and individual level anti-capitalist financial relations. With this article, we respond to such calls. We show how networks of finance in Cameroon bridge the formal/informal dualisms in lending/savings activities. We demonstrate that any debates about whether to formalize informal financial institutions or leave them alone weaken in Cameroon because, through networks, people access both formal and informal financial institutions for different purposes and at various stages in the life of these institutions. This dynamism explains why, in spite of the growth of money markets in Cameroon, informal financial institutions have not disappeared, nor declined. In fact, they have expanded, contrary to predictions in existing new institutional economics research. While informal institutions have evolved, they have not necessarily become formal banks, microfinance, or stock markets. Rather, the informal financial institutions have adopted and adapted in terms of both lending and saving practices in a country where growing formal financialization has become the norm. Our findings challenge neoclassical and new institutional economics theories about money, credit, and the actors in the money market.     

大型金融机构能否为中小企业提供融资服务——兼评“金融机构观”

本文认为“金融机构观”对解除虽小企业融资困境无补。无论从国外还是国内、从理论还是实践、从金融电子化发展还是行业特征看,目前 甸不缺少中小金融机构,尤其是小型金融机构,而缺少的是大型银行。大型银行依其众多的分支机构,良好的社会效益以及经济结构调整等优势,完全有能力为中小企业提供融资服务。     

农村金融服务与现代农业发展探究

现代农业的发展离不开金融的支持,金融业的发展壮大同样不能缺少现代农业这个广阔的市场空间。近年来,尽管中国农村金融服务有大幅改善,但仍属于金融体系中的薄弱环节。通过深入分析现代农业发展中金融支持的重要性,及现阶段中国金融支持现代农业发展的主要不足,提出了一系列金融支持现代农业发展必要采取的方略,旨在为三农发展探索新的发展路径。     

制度扭曲环境中的金融安排:温州案例

制度安排之间具有一定的互补性,一旦由政府决定的强制型制度被确定,诱致型制度变迁也随即被选择,完成制度的整体功能。在金融制度扭曲的情形下,强制型制度变迁和诱致型制度变迁在金融发展中各自发挥不同的作用。     

An Institutionalist Framework for a Consistent Financial Regulation

Abstract:

In the light of recurrent systemic crises that financialized market economies have been experiencing since the 1980s, this article seeks to determine the conditions required for a regulatory framework apt to ensure financial stability. Drawing upon an Institutionalist Minskyian endogenous financial instability approach, the article studies the fragilities of liberalized finance and points to some policy alternatives able to lead to an alternative financial regulatory model that is consistent with macroeconomic stability. It argues that in a weak regulatory environment financial markets naturally generate instabilities that could turn into systemic crises. The analysis maintains that in order to deal with such crises, a tight supervision should be framed under the aegis of public authorities and suggests some rules to develop a relevant regulatory system through an open and democratic decision process. Two points then deserve particular attention: a macro-prudential approach that regards instability as a systemic (non-individual) issue, and a preventive approach that aims at preventing systemic-risk generating activities from taking control over the markets.     

系统重要性金融机构的外部性及其宏观效应研究

系统重要性金融机构由于规模和市场关联度的优势,对整个金融体系和实体经济产生了巨大的外部效应。金融创新活动的高风险性带来的负外部效应会引发巨大的系统性风险和危机。分析了系统重要性金融机构正负两方面外部性的作用机制和宏观效应,研究发现负外部性加大了整个金融体系的边际成本、政府和纳税人的负担,而且会快速传递到宏观经济体系;进一步结合庇古和科斯的外部性政策方法对系统重要性金融机构的监管问题进行了讨论,并将监管方法从政府解和市场解两个方面进行了分析,认为现有的业务管制和资本附加等监管方法可以在一定程度上使系统重要性金融机构的负外部性内在化,但是对于银行规模和税收方面的监管措施还需改进。     

金融机构信息技术外包的风险控制策略

信息技术外包已经成为金融机构减少IT投资风险 ,获得竞争优势的重要策略之一。本文在讨论金融机构信息技术外包概念的基础上 ,着重分析了金融机构信息技术外包的风险因素 ,提出了金融机构信息技术外包风险的控制策略。     

浅谈事业单位财务管理现状及优化建议

从事业单位基础工作、预算管理、资产运行、内部控制四个方面探讨了事业单位财务管理的现状,在此基础上,通过对上述几个方面的深入分析,提出了优化事业单位财务管理工作的建议。     

Bank risk proxies and the crisis of 2007/09: a comparison

The global financial crisis has again shown that it is important to understand the emergence and measurement of risks in the banking sector. However, there is no consensus in the literature which risk proxy works best at the level of the individual bank. A commonly used measure in applied work is the Z-score, which might suffer from calculation issues given poor data quality. Motivated by the variety of bank risk proxies, our analysis reveals that nonperforming assets are a well-suited complement to the Z-score in studies of bank risk.     

现代金融机构操作风险管理研究

近年来操作风险管理的兴起成为全球金融界的重要现象,业界和监管界对其定义、性质和管理框架的共识已经基本形成。在操作风险衡量技术上,以损失分布法为代表的量化方法正在兴起,但面临数据难题和有效性争论。在管理策略和方法上,风险规避、控制降低、多样化分散、风险转嫁和风险吸收等多种策略,以及保险、业务外包、提取资本金、风险定价等多种手段,开始被应用于操作风险管理,面临国际化和现代化的我国金融机构应该从中学习和借鉴这些先进的理念、制度和方法。     

微型金融机构信贷问题与对策研究

微型金融机构主要客户是财务不健全、缺少抵押与担保、信息严重不对称的小微企业与个人,如何有效管理信用风险、控制信贷审核成本是微型金融机构信贷业务亟待解决的问题。通过分析微型金融机构信贷业务面临的问题,利用贷款承诺与关系贷款理论,对微型金融机构信贷业务中存在的问题提出对策建议。     

事业单位财务管理问题及对策分析

事业单位的财务管理是根据国家有关法律、法规、政策、方针和财务制度等的规定,统筹管理事业单位财务,对事业单位资金计划、管理和使用。规范事业单位财务管理,对财务活动进行全过程监督和控制,关系到事业单位各项经济活动的顺利进行,是实现社会主义市场经济的重要保障。