企业技术创新的新趋势——合作创新

文章从技术发展的特征,现代企业生产方式的变革,全球化经济发展趋势,论证了合作创新正成为企业技术创新的新趋势,分析了合作创新的优势。提出了我国企业发展合作创新的策略。     

企业与大学的合作创新

知识和科研对经济发展作用的增加,开始了大学的新使命:为经济发展服务。     

企业的活力:制度创新 技术创新 管理创新

从整体上看 ,目前我国还处于工业化阶段 ,而发达国家已进入知识经济时代。这就加重了我国企业改革和发展面临的任务 ;而突出制度创新、技术创新和管理创新成为关键。这三者密切相关 ,互促互动 ,都是为了增强企业活力。１制度创新诺贝尔经济学奖获得者、美国学者诺斯强调对社会经济发展起决定作用的是制度性因素而不是技术性因素 ,认为有效率的经济组织是经济增长的关键。制度创新就是要营造出能够充分发挥人力资源的潜力、能够高效优质低耗地开展创新活动的环境 ,保障企业可持续发展。一是真正确立起现代企业制度 ,并能有效地组织运行。但目…     

企业技术创新成本的界定

联合国发表的《创新——知识促进发展》报告中,强调了创新对于每个国家发展的极端重要性。对于企业而言,创新是其增强市场竞争力的重要措施,但是如果不充分考虑创新成本,企业创新不仅不会使企业竞争力得到加强,反而可能危及其生存,成为企业的灾难。本文主要探讨企业技术创新成本的界定,以期为企业加强技术创新成本管理提供依据。     

企业技术创新与创新战略模式的选择

以企业为主体的技术创新不仅是一个地区乃至一个国家创新体系的核心组成部分,也是推动经济增长、提升经济质量与水平和促进产业结构转型升级的内在动力,企业技术创新能否发挥上述作用（无论是企业个体还是企业群体）。很关键的一环在于它所选择的技术创新战略能否适当,战略选择对了,大方向不会错,技术创新的质量、水平频率和可持续性较高,反之,就会事倍功半,甚至会产生难以克服的困难,因此,企业技术创新战备的选择是个大问题。     

加强产学研合作促进企业技术创新

当前,产学研合作是技术创新和制度创新的重要形式之一,是跨越发展高新技术产业的有效形式。     

生态学视角的企业技术创新

<正> 企业是人类历史发展到一定阶段的产物,与生物生态系统中的生物个体相似,同样具有生存与发展的欲望、新陈代谢、遗传与变异、生存与发展过程中的种内和种间斗争,而且其生存和发展都受着环境的制约等。同时,企业也要遵循优胜劣汰等生物生态学领域中的许多自然规律,所有这些都表明企业与生命个体在本质上具有相通之处。因此,运用生态学的理论、思想和方法分析企业中的问题,对企业的生存与发展具有重要的借鉴和参考价值。     

企业技术创新战略选择

当今世界科技日新月异,知识经济初现端倪,综合国力竞争日趋激烈,全球经济与产业结构正处于深刻的调整当中。经济全球化、科学技术的革命与知识经济的兴起,给企业既带来了新的发展机遇,也带来了严峻的挑战。新知识、新技术、新观念的不断出现与应用,在提升企业产品的附加值的同时,也加快了产品的更新周期。在这个百舸争流、新产品层出不穷的时代,企业只有把技术创新作为企业的发展战略来抓,不断创新,不断推出新产品,才能立于不败之地并获得发展。１企业技术创新战略技术创新是技术与经济的有机结合,它是利用竞争优势提升企业竞争…     

CEO hometown identity and firm green innovation

Drawn on the upper echelons theory, this study investigates how chief executive officer (CEO) hometown identity drives firm green innovation. We propose that CEO hometown identity has a positive impact on a firm's green innovation performance. Furthermore, we explore the moderating role of managerial discretion determined by organizational and environmental factors (i.e., institutional ownership and market complexity). We propose that institutional ownership negatively moderates the positive relationship between CEO hometown identity and green innovation, but market complexity plays a positive moderating role. Using Chinese publicly listed firms from 2002 to 2016 in heavily polluting industries, our findings support these hypotheses. Our research contributes to the upper echelons theory and corporate social responsibility literature and has substantial practical implications.     

Commitment-based HR practices,different types of innovation activities and firm innovation performance

Research on human resource (HR) practices and innovation has increased in the strategic HR management literature over the last decades. Scholars suggest that commitment-based HR practices contribute to innovation performance of the firm. However, prior research puts little emphasis on the causal linkages among commitment-based HR practices, different types of innovation activities and firm innovation performance. This article opens the black box of the relationship between HR management and firm performance by examining the causal relationships among a bundle of commitment-based HR practices (i.e. a commitment-based HR system), different types of innovation activities and firm innovation performance. On the basis of a survey of 103 Turkish firms, empirical results show that a commitment-based HR system has a positive effect on process, organizational and marketing innovation activities. Furthermore, a commitment-based HR system mainly affects organizational innovation activities and shows that these innovation activities are the core drivers of process and marketing innovation activities, leading to higher rate of product innovation activities. Subsequently, product innovation activities enhance firm innovation performance, emphasizing their determinant role.     

21世纪技术创新的发展趋势

19世纪和20世纪的技术以及工业文明,强调“人类征服自然的能力”,强调工程技术的规模效益。伴随生产能力的高速发展带来的自然资源的枯竭和生态环境的恶化,以及两次世界大战大规模杀伤性武器造成的空前浩劫,自20世纪60年代以来,人们更多地从人文意义出发,意识到技术给人类文明进步以及给生态环境可能带来的负面作用,逐步形成了可持续发展的技术经济和社会发展理念。21世纪,技术创新将活跃在以下五个层面,并将对人类社会的文明进步产生深刻影响。一、信息技术在学科交叉、融合的基础上,将不断取得新的重大进展以计算机与宽带通讯网络技术为核…     

The influence of supply network structure on firm innovation

In this study, we examine the structural characteristics of supply networks and investigate the relationship between a firm's supply network accessibility and interconnectedness and its innovation output. We also examine potential moderating effects of absorptive capacity and supply network partner innovativeness on innovation output. We hypothesize that firms will experience greater innovation output from (1) higher levels of supply network accessibility and supply network interconnectedness, (2) the interaction between the levels of these two structural characteristics, (3) the moderating role of absorptive capacity on supply network accessibility and the moderating role of supply network partner innovativeness on supply network interconnectedness. Supply network partner relationships are drawn in the context of the electronics industry using data from multiple sources. We use social network analysis to create measures for each supply network structural characteristic. Using regression techniques to test the relationship between these structural characteristics and firm innovation for a sample of 390 firms, our findings suggest that supply network accessibility has a significant association with a firm's innovation output. The results also indicate that interconnected supply networks strengthen the association between supply network accessibility and innovation output. Moreover, the influence of the two structural characteristics on innovation output can be enhanced by a firm's absorptive capacity and level of supply network partner innovativeness. By addressing the need for deeper structural analysis, this study contributes to supply chain research by accounting for the embedded nature of ties in supply networks, and showing how these structural characteristics influence the knowledge and information flows residing within a firm's supply network.     

The national innovation policy effect according to firm location

The regional nature of innovation and innovation policy was investigated. The aim of this study was to determine whether the specific economic and institutional conditions of a region had an influence on the results of a national policy intended to support entrepreneurial innovation. The analysis compared the effect of the national R&D subsidies on the innovation effort of firms located in central regions, which concentrate an important percentage of the national innovation activity, together with those firms located in periphery regions. Significant regional differences were detected with regard to the national R&D subsidies’ effect and distribution. The central regions manifested a higher subsidy effect compared to the periphery regions. The results of this study have allowed us to conclude that the region plays an important differentiating role in connection with the final result of the innovation policy aimed at the entire national territory. Therefore, this study recommends including the geographical location of the firm in future evaluations.     

The financing of small firm product innovation within the UK

This paper investigates the funding environment facing product innovating small manufacturing firms and both supports and contradicts a number of “stylised facts” which have emerged over the last decade. Amongst the key findings it appears that, whilst innovators were no more nor less likely to have sought external funds, they were significantly less likely to have successfully accessed bank finance. This finding is of particular gravity since bank debt remains the primary source of external finance employed. Further, the paper notes the low use of genuine risk capital to fund product innovation and raises the question as to what extent this reflects supply or demand side deficiencies. The role of public subsidies, in the form of grant funding, is also investigated with some tentative evidence pointing to the role grants play in validating technology or as leverage to access further funds.     

How environmental innovation influences firm performance: A meta-analytic review

Coupled with the increasing concern toward sustainability and sustainable development issues, environmental innovation practices have been of burgeoning interest among both scholars and practitioners. Building on this, the main purpose of this study is to quantitatively aggregate the extant empirical research on eco-innovation and firm performance and to assess the role of moderating factors in this theoretical relationship by pursuing a meta-analytic approach. To serve this objective, 196 effects based upon 70 studies including more than 25,000 firms (N = 25,412) were meta-analytically examined. Quantitative evidence drawn from the meta-analysis indicates that organizational eco-innovation exerts the strongest influence on firm performance. Moreover, the meta-analytic findings suggest that significant variations in the correlation between eco-innovation and firm performance exist across different performance types, and the magnitude of the eco-innovation–firm performance association is stronger in developing compared with developed countries. This meta-analytic review is expected to considerably contribute to the pertinent literature by means of improving the understanding of the relevance of eco-innovation typology to firm performance.     

Forming a firm innovation strategy through commitment-based human resource management

In this paper, we argue that commitment-based human resource management (CHRM) enables firms to form an innovation strategy, enriching the literature focused on the subordinate role of HRM in a given strategy. In CHRM, employees are hired based on their knowledge, their expertise is developed, and they are empowered to take reasonable risks in the interest of long-term outcomes. These HRM policies, which mediated by innovative work practices, enable firms to realize their strategic intention to engage in innovation. Analyses of time-lagged data from 445 firms support our hypotheses, and implications are discussed.     

New firm creation and innovation: industrial patterns and inter-sectoral linkages

This article analyzes the linkages between entrepreneurship and innovation behaviour at an industrial level. The research question refers to the extent that the industrial pattern of generation/absorption of knowledge affects the industrial ability to create new firms. An embodied knowledge approach has been applied, by combining the input–output framework with innovation and new firm creation data. As a result, four industrial patterns of innovation/new firm creation have been identified, taking into account the firm size and the model of generation and absorption of knowledge.