企业技术创新的新趋势——合作创新

文章从技术发展的特征,现代企业生产方式的变革,全球化经济发展趋势,论证了合作创新正成为企业技术创新的新趋势,分析了合作创新的优势。提出了我国企业发展合作创新的策略。     

企业与大学的合作创新

知识和科研对经济发展作用的增加,开始了大学的新使命:为经济发展服务。     

企业的活力:制度创新 技术创新 管理创新

从整体上看 ,目前我国还处于工业化阶段 ,而发达国家已进入知识经济时代。这就加重了我国企业改革和发展面临的任务 ;而突出制度创新、技术创新和管理创新成为关键。这三者密切相关 ,互促互动 ,都是为了增强企业活力。１制度创新诺贝尔经济学奖获得者、美国学者诺斯强调对社会经济发展起决定作用的是制度性因素而不是技术性因素 ,认为有效率的经济组织是经济增长的关键。制度创新就是要营造出能够充分发挥人力资源的潜力、能够高效优质低耗地开展创新活动的环境 ,保障企业可持续发展。一是真正确立起现代企业制度 ,并能有效地组织运行。但目…     

企业技术创新成本的界定

联合国发表的《创新——知识促进发展》报告中,强调了创新对于每个国家发展的极端重要性。对于企业而言,创新是其增强市场竞争力的重要措施,但是如果不充分考虑创新成本,企业创新不仅不会使企业竞争力得到加强,反而可能危及其生存,成为企业的灾难。本文主要探讨企业技术创新成本的界定,以期为企业加强技术创新成本管理提供依据。     

加强产学研合作促进企业技术创新

当前,产学研合作是技术创新和制度创新的重要形式之一,是跨越发展高新技术产业的有效形式。     

企业技术创新与创新战略模式的选择

以企业为主体的技术创新不仅是一个地区乃至一个国家创新体系的核心组成部分,也是推动经济增长、提升经济质量与水平和促进产业结构转型升级的内在动力,企业技术创新能否发挥上述作用（无论是企业个体还是企业群体）。很关键的一环在于它所选择的技术创新战略能否适当,战略选择对了,大方向不会错,技术创新的质量、水平频率和可持续性较高,反之,就会事倍功半,甚至会产生难以克服的困难,因此,企业技术创新战备的选择是个大问题。     

知识经济中的技术创新与企业竞争力

在当今社会,竞争已成为市场经济的主流,谁能在竞争中获胜,谁就赢得了市场,赢得了顾客。随着社会信息化进程的加快,竞争越来越激烈,竞争领域扩大,竞争的手段也趋于多样化。对于一个企业而言,要击败竞争对手,获得竞争的胜利,不断提高企业的竞争力是一种行之有效的方法。在知识经济中,提高竞争力的根本就是进行创新,作为发展基础的技术创新尤为重要。１竞争力、技术创新的涵义对于技术创新、竞争力这两个概念,学者们提出过各种见解。技术创新这一概念最早源于美籍奥地利经济学家约瑟夫·阿罗斯·熊彼特（JosephAloisSchumpeter…     

企业技术创新战略选择

当今世界科技日新月异,知识经济初现端倪,综合国力竞争日趋激烈,全球经济与产业结构正处于深刻的调整当中。经济全球化、科学技术的革命与知识经济的兴起,给企业既带来了新的发展机遇,也带来了严峻的挑战。新知识、新技术、新观念的不断出现与应用,在提升企业产品的附加值的同时,也加快了产品的更新周期。在这个百舸争流、新产品层出不穷的时代,企业只有把技术创新作为企业的发展战略来抓,不断创新,不断推出新产品,才能立于不败之地并获得发展。１企业技术创新战略技术创新是技术与经济的有机结合,它是利用竞争优势提升企业竞争…     

21世纪技术创新的发展趋势

19世纪和20世纪的技术以及工业文明,强调“人类征服自然的能力”,强调工程技术的规模效益。伴随生产能力的高速发展带来的自然资源的枯竭和生态环境的恶化,以及两次世界大战大规模杀伤性武器造成的空前浩劫,自20世纪60年代以来,人们更多地从人文意义出发,意识到技术给人类文明进步以及给生态环境可能带来的负面作用,逐步形成了可持续发展的技术经济和社会发展理念。21世纪,技术创新将活跃在以下五个层面,并将对人类社会的文明进步产生深刻影响。一、信息技术在学科交叉、融合的基础上,将不断取得新的重大进展以计算机与宽带通讯网络技术为核…     

The national innovation policy effect according to firm location

The regional nature of innovation and innovation policy was investigated. The aim of this study was to determine whether the specific economic and institutional conditions of a region had an influence on the results of a national policy intended to support entrepreneurial innovation. The analysis compared the effect of the national R&D subsidies on the innovation effort of firms located in central regions, which concentrate an important percentage of the national innovation activity, together with those firms located in periphery regions. Significant regional differences were detected with regard to the national R&D subsidies’ effect and distribution. The central regions manifested a higher subsidy effect compared to the periphery regions. The results of this study have allowed us to conclude that the region plays an important differentiating role in connection with the final result of the innovation policy aimed at the entire national territory. Therefore, this study recommends including the geographical location of the firm in future evaluations.     

The financing of small firm product innovation within the UK

This paper investigates the funding environment facing product innovating small manufacturing firms and both supports and contradicts a number of “stylised facts” which have emerged over the last decade. Amongst the key findings it appears that, whilst innovators were no more nor less likely to have sought external funds, they were significantly less likely to have successfully accessed bank finance. This finding is of particular gravity since bank debt remains the primary source of external finance employed. Further, the paper notes the low use of genuine risk capital to fund product innovation and raises the question as to what extent this reflects supply or demand side deficiencies. The role of public subsidies, in the form of grant funding, is also investigated with some tentative evidence pointing to the role grants play in validating technology or as leverage to access further funds.     

New firm creation and innovation: industrial patterns and inter-sectoral linkages

This article analyzes the linkages between entrepreneurship and innovation behaviour at an industrial level. The research question refers to the extent that the industrial pattern of generation/absorption of knowledge affects the industrial ability to create new firms. An embodied knowledge approach has been applied, by combining the input–output framework with innovation and new firm creation data. As a result, four industrial patterns of innovation/new firm creation have been identified, taking into account the firm size and the model of generation and absorption of knowledge.     

Academic-industry linkages and small firm innovation: evidence from the scientific instruments sector

This paper explores the role of academic linkages in the product development efforts of small and medium-sized manufacturing firms (SMFs). Data from a sample of 204 SMFs in New York State's scientific instruments sector suggest that university research units can play a helpful role in small firm innovation. Knowledge spillovers from the academic sector are shown to be geographically localized. A key finding is that the intensity of academic-SMF interaction varies inversely with the time-distance that separates firms from major campuses. A related finding is that innovation rates are higher among SMFs that enjoy close proximity to academic resources. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the role of micro-geographical factors in regional knowledge diffusion.     

Drivers to firm innovation and their effects on performance: an international comparison

This research aims to analyse the drivers to company innovation and their effects on the financial performance. This study is based upon a sample of companies, located in two neighbouring countries (Portugal and Spain). Linear regression was the methodology deployed to analyse the importance of innovation types (differences between Portugal and Spain). To analyse the extent to which the innovation capacity variables influence financial performance (turnover), we made recourse to Probit Regression models. Our results show significant differences in terms of both the drivers and inhibitors to innovation in these two countries. The introduction of products into new markets only proved significant at Spanish companies whilst innovations in both products and processes are significant in both sets of Iberian companies.     

Servitization: Disentangling the impact of service business model innovation on manufacturing firm performance

As manufacturing businesses operate in an ever more competitive, global economy where products are easily commoditized, innovating by adding services to the core product offering has become a popular strategy. Contrary to the economic benefits expected, recent findings pinpoint implementation hurdles that lead to a potential performance decline, the so-called ‘servitization paradox’. In this paper, we analyze this paradox by disentangling the value creation and value appropriation processes of 44 national subsidiaries of a global manufacturing firm turned product-service provider, in the 2001–2007 period. Our findings show that the firm under study is able to successfully transcend the inherent substitution of products by services and to enact complementary sales dynamics between the two activities. Moreover, labor-intensive services such as maintenance, which imply higher levels of customer proximity, further enhance product sales. Empirical results also reveal a positive yet non-linear relationship between the scale of service activities and profitability: while initial levels of servicing result in a steep increase in profitability, a period of relative decline is observed before the positive relationship between the scale of services and profitability re-emerges. These findings suggest the presence of initial short-term gains but also indicate the existence of a ‘profitability’ hurdle; profitable growth seems feasible only to the extent that investments in service capability are translated into economies of scale. In helping to clarify the performance implications of service innovation, our findings suggest pathways to sustainable growth through servitization for manufacturing firms.     

刚玉 突破无止境

2008年爆发的金融危机对全球各个行业都产生了一定影响.面对当前的经济形势,太原刚玉作为老牌物流装备企业,凭借不断地积累和发展,在寻找并把握新的市场机遇过程中表现出越来越强的竞争力.     

物流技术创新无止境——访昆船物流信息产业有限公司总工程师崔维

昆船物流信息产业有限公司是由中船重工昆明船舶设备集团有限公司控股,专业从事自动化物流系统、信息系统开发设计、生产和系统集成的集光、机、电、信息技术于一体的知识密集型高新技术企业。