浅析在建工程抵押贷款的风险及防范

目前,在建工程抵押贷款已经成为金融机构的重要信贷产品,但由于在建工程抵押贷款涉及银行、企业、购房人、在建工程承包人等多方当事人,法律关系相比一般的房地产抵押复杂,银行在行使在建工程抵押权的过程中,往往会遇到一般的房地产抵押所不曾遇到的风险。如果银行操作不当,很可能出现法律风险,造成信贷资产损失。本文就银行在办理在建工程抵押贷款过程中可能存在的法律风险进行分析,并就如何防范风险进行初步探讨。     

在建工程抵押贷款的法律问题分析及其风险防范

随着我国房地产业的快速发展,以在建工程抵押向银行申请贷款已经成为房地产开发企业融资的重要方式,在建工程抵押贷款占银行开发贷款的比重也逐步增加。由于在建工程抵押所涉及的法律关系复杂,且现有法律规定不够完善,银行面临的风险不容忽视。文章拟结合信贷实践,对银行在办理在建工程抵押贷款过程中可能存在的法律风险进行分析,并就如何防范、化解风险进行初步探讨,以期抛砖引玉。     

浅谈在建工程抵押贷款的法律风险防范

近几年来，随着房地产业的迅速发展，在建工程抵押作为一种新型的担保方式正被越来越多的市场主体所接受，成为房地产开发商向银行申请贷款融资的重要方式。本将对银行如何防范在建工程抵押贷款中可能存在的风险进行初步探讨。     

浅谈在建工程抵押贷款的法律风险防范

近几年来,随着房地产业的迅速发展,在建工程抵押作为一种新型的担保方式正被越来越多的市场主体所接受,成为房地产开发商向银行申请贷款融资的重要方式.本文将对银行如何防范在建工程抵押贷款中可能存在的风险进行初步探讨.     

房地产在建工程抵押贷款操作风险探讨

近几年我国房地产业发展迅猛,房地产在建工程抵押贷款已成为项目融资开发的主要方式.但是由于在建工程在权属关系和权利价值等方面都存在不确定性,相关法律法规和房地产市场监管也正在实践中逐步完善,在建工程抵押的特殊性给银行办理在建工程抵押信贷业务带来了许多操作风险问题.本文对房地产在建工程抵押贷款业务的操作风险进行分析,并就实践中如何防范和化解风险进行初步探讨.     

在建工程抵押评估的相关问题

近年来,房地产开发贷款在银行信贷总量中的比重逐年上升,而在建工程的抵押已经成为房地产开发企业融资的重要方式。但在建工程的抵押涉及许多不确定性,很容易产生风险。 在建工程抵押时的价值评估已经引起贷款银行的关注。本文通过分析有关在建工程抵押的法律关系,提出了在建工程的抵押条件,并对抵押评估方法中的成本法和假设开发法进行了深入的探讨,供银行业和不动产评估行业参考。     

在建工程抵押贷款的法律风险及其防范

随着我国房地产业的迅速发展，以在建工程抵押向银行申请贷款已经成为房地产开发企业融资的重要方式，在建工程抵押贷款占银行开发贷款的比重也逐步增加。由于在建工程抵押同时涉及房地产开发企业、银行、购房人、在建工程承包人、税收部门、保险人、抵押登记部门等多方当事人，法律关系特别复杂，银行必须十分谨慎地操     

银行防范在建工程抵押风险的思考

当前银行采用在建工程抵押方式投向房地产行业的信贷资金规模逐年扩大,在建工程抵押的有效性事关信贷资金安全,而在建工程抵押法律关系较为复杂,银行应当加强在建工程抵押的风险防控。本文从法律规定和业务操作等方面分析了在建工程抵押中存在的风险,并提出防范风险的相关措施。     

在建工程抵押贷款存在的法律缺陷及风险防范

本通过分析现行法律法规，指出在建工程抵押贷款存在的法律缺陷及可能给银行带来的风险，并提出防范风险的主要措施。     

谈在建工程抵押贷款的风险防范

在建工程抵押贷款,是现代商业银行一项较新开拓的金融业务.但随着中国加入WTO以来,中国的经济呈现前所未有的活力,作为中国人世后受冲击较大的金融业,只有在遵循效益性、安全性和流动性的基础上,不断开发新的金融产品,才能使自己立于不败之地.在建工程抵押贷款虽较其他物的抵押贷款多一些风险,但对于银行开辟新的业务、扩大资金市场、增强竞争力有着重要的意义.     

浙江省上市企业股价特殊风险的信息特征研究

金融市场的事实已经证明,股票价格风险波动不仅受市场风险波动的制约,而且随资本市场的环境变化,股价特殊风险已越来越显著的影响和决定着股价总体波动水平的变化。文章从浙江省上市企业的股价收益序列中分解、提炼出股价特殊风险,用投资者行为效应来判断其信息特征的变动规律,通过与系统风险信息特征及其投资者行为效应的对比,获取特殊风险呈现的信息特征规律。     

基于全寿命周期的保险产品风险管理问题研究

财产保险公司作为经营财产风险的微观经济实体,不仅要承担和转化被保险人的风险,同时还需要防范和化解自身风险。作为保险公司风险的承载体——保险产品,则成为其风险管理的出发点和立足点。目前我国财产保险公司的风险管理比较浅显,仅仅停留在承保前对保险标的风险和以往事故的简单分析层面上,并没有从保险产品的全寿命周期角度进行风险管理。本文基于产品全寿命周期思想,以财产保险产品为研究点,在分析我国财产保险业发展阶段的基础上,结合经济起飞理论,验证全寿命周期思想对于财产保险产品风险管理的重要作用。     

新巴塞尔资本协议与商业银行操作风险量化管理

由于<新巴塞尔资本协议>把风险区分为市场风险、信用风险和操作风险,同时把操作风险纳入到资本充足率的计算之中;使得金融界对它的关注显著提高,并对量化操作风险提出了迫切要求.值得注意的是,国际上一些大银行在量化和度量操作风险管理上已经积累了较为丰富的经验,并取得一定的成就.目前我国的金融机构缺乏风险意识,尤其是在操作风险方面基本没有什么量化操作风险的科学方法,不能正确反映所承受的风险,操作风险的管理水平亟待提高.面对加入WTO之后国际金融机构在国内市场上的激烈竞争,我国金融机构应广泛借鉴国外商业银行的成功经验,加强操作风险的量化管理和研究.     

当前商业银行面临的经营风险及防范策略

风险是指商业银行在经营中由于各种不确定性因素的存在而发生损失的可能性,其产生的原因在于不确定因素的存在.风险并不等于损失,对于一个机制健全、管理先进、内控完善的进取性银行来说,风险更多的是机遇和盈利机会.近年来,我国商业银行在信用风险管理方面取得了显著成效,但产生信用风险的制度性因素并没有消除,贷款资产中隐含的大量信用风险并未完全释放,防止信用风险的内控体系尚不健全.在关注信用风险的同时,对流动性风险、利率风险、职工行为风险,特别是一些员工的善意行为风险亦不能忽视;由于这些行为风险的隐蔽性、突发性及规避手段的缺失,客观上都放大了这些风险的影响.     

Neglected and overemphasized risks: the opinions of risk professionals

Research on risks has mainly been devoted to detailed analyses of such risks that are subject to public debate and policy decision making. However, many if not most of the risks that are now the subject of regulation were once neglected. Experts in conjunction with regulators have a crucial role in putting risks on the policy agenda. But what views do experts have on the matter of attention to risks? In order to answer this question risk assessment experts were asked to list the risks they considered to be over‐emphasized, respectively neglected. Radiation risks constituted the largest category of risks reported to be over‐emphasized. Other risks often reported to be over‐emphasized included BSE, GMOs, amalgam, and air traffic. Lifestyle risks were the largest category of risks reported to be neglected. Other risks often listed as neglected included radon (as an exception within the radiation category), road traffic, socio‐economic risks, energy production excluding nuclear power, and local accidents (including fires and workplace accidents). Risks mentioned about equally often as neglected and over‐emphasized included chemicals and crime. There was a correlation between perceived risk and neglect: risks considered to be neglected were also judged as larger. For a comparison, the topics of articles in the journal Risk Analysis from 1991–2000 were categorized into the same risk categories that were used for the questionnaire. The risks most commonly treated in the journal (chemicals and cancer) coincided with the risks which experts in our survey considered to be overemphasized rather than neglected.     

Optimism and the perceptions of new risks

While many risks, especially new ones, are not objectively quantifiable, individuals still form perceptions of risks using incomplete or unclear evidence about the true nature of those risks. In the case of well known risks, such as smoking, individuals perceive risks to be smaller for themselves than others, exhibiting ‘optimism bias’. Although existing evidence supports optimism bias occurring in the case of risks about which individuals are familiar, evidence does not yet exist to suggest that optimism bias applies for new risks. This paper addresses this question by examining the gap in perceptions of risks individuals have for themselves versus society and the environment, conceptualised as social and/or environmental optimism biases. We draw upon the 2002 UEA‐MORI Risk Survey to examine the existence of optimism bias and its effects on risk perceptions and acceptance regarding five science and technology‐related topics: climate change, mobile phones, radioactive waste, GM food and genetic testing. Our findings provide evidence of social and environmental optimism bias following similar patterns and optimism bias appearing greater for those risks bringing sizeable benefit to individuals (e.g. mobile phone radiation) rather than those more acutely affecting society or the environment (e.g. GM food or climate change). Social optimism bias is found to reduce risk perceptions for risks that have received large amounts of media attention, namely, climate change and GM food. On the other hand, optimism bias appears to increase risk perceptions about genetic testing.     

The limits of diversification when losses may be large

Recent results in value at risk analysis show that, for extremely heavy-tailed risks with unbounded distribution support, diversification may increase value at risk, and that generally it is difficult to construct an appropriate risk measure for such distributions. We further analyze the limitations of diversification for heavy-tailed risks. We provide additional insight in two ways. First, we show that similar non-diversification results are valid for a large class of risks with bounded support, as long as the risks are concentrated on a sufficiently large interval. The required length of the support depends on the number of risks available and on the degree of heavy-tailedness. Second, we relate the value at risk approach to more general risk frameworks. We argue that in markets for risky assets where the number of assets is limited compared with the (bounded) distribution support of the risks, unbounded heavy-tailed risks may provide a reasonable approximation. We suggest that this type of analysis may have a role in explaining various types of market failures in markets for assets with possibly large negative outcomes.     

集团公司财务风险防范及控制

企业集团的建立是基于减少经营风险、避免法律障碍、便于技术交流和开拓国内外市场业务等有利条件,其中,减少经营风险是最直接的原因.而企业的经营风险又最终会表现为财务上的损失,因此,集团公司财务风险的防范和控制非常重要.本文重点论述广义财务风险中的道德风险和经营过程中财务风险的防范和控制措施.     

经济社会转型中的农村妇女社会保护研究

处于城市化和工业化影响下的农村妇女不仅像男性农民那样承受着生命周期风险、农业经营风险和城市化带来的市场风险,而且还承受着男性农民所没有的风险.本文以充分的数据分析了当前农村妇女社会保护体系所存在的问题,并以阿马迪亚森的"能力"观点为基础建立起一个社会保护的分析框架,以此对当前农村妇女的社会保护体系进行了评价,并从提升型措施、预防型措施和保护性措施的角度,对当前农村妇女社会保护体系进行完善提出了建议.     

投资收益与风险的正相关性和保险公司的两难选择

在一定的条件下，投资的收益与风险之间正相关性，这就使得保险公司不得不在高收益、高风险和低风险、低收益之间进行选择。然而，基于保险公司风险偏好的分析却表明，这两种极端的选择都不满足最优的条件，保险公司的正确选择应该是在收益和风险之间寻找到一种平衡。