欧洲中央银行货币政策透明度研究

大多数国家的央行开始摈弃隐秘性传统,其货币政策逐渐走向开放和透明。如何最充分、准确、及时地向公众披露与解释货币政策目标、策略和决策已成为多数国家货币政策操作所面临的首要问题,本文首先对欧洲中央银行在实践中所采用的主要沟通策略和工具进行归纳和介绍,然后将欧洲中央银行与世界其他主要中央银行的信息公开程度进行横向比较,最后就关于提高欧洲中央银行货币政策透明度的相关建议和争议进行评述。     

欧洲中央银行货币政策述评及前景展望

文章对欧洲中央银行稳定导向型货币政策进行了阐述与前景分析。     

如何改善我国货币政策透明度

提高货币政策的有效性一直是研究货币政策不可缺少的一个方面,而改善我国现有货币政策的透明度可以有效引导公众预期,提高货币政策的有效性.货币政策的透明要求货币政策管理和制定从神秘走向透明,透明度成为货币政策管理架构的重要组成部分,学习国外的有效经验,根据我国目前的状况,提出改善我国货币政策的透明度,稳定金融环境的建议.     

货币政策透明度的效应与最优化研究

提高货币政策的透明度已成为一个新的国际趋势。较高的货币政策透明度有利于增强中央银行的责任感和可信度、提高中央银行的独立性、央行工作人员的工作能力,还有利于引导商业银行和公众形成合理预期,提高货币政策潜在的效率。但它也有其负面效应,为此,在当前人民币升值预期强烈、通货膨胀的背景下,探讨中国货币政策透明度的最优化的一些基本原则尤为重要。     

我国货币政策透明度的实践及问题研究

当今世界各国中央银行都致力于提高货币政策透明度,基于货币政策透明度可以有效地提高货币政策有效性,越来越多的国家将其作为本国货币制度的重要选择。本文通过对我国货币政策透明度实践的深入分析,发现提高货币政策透明度对货币政策具有积极的效用,并针对当前我国货币政策透明度中存在的问题提出相应的政策建议。     

我国货币政策透明度的实践及问题研究

当今世界各国中央银行都致力于提高货币政策透明度,基于货币政策透明度可以有效地提高货币政策有效性,越来越多的国家将其作为本国货币制度的重要选择。本文通过对我国货币政策透明度实践的深入分析,发现提高货币政策透明度对货币政策具有积极的效用,并针对当前我国货币政策透明度中存在的问题提出相应的政策建议。     

Transparency of Monetary Policy: Theory and Practice

Transparency has become one of the main features of monetarypolicymaking during the last decade. This article establishesstylized facts and provides a systematic overview of the practiceof monetary policy transparency around the world. It shows muchdiversity in information disclosure, even for central bankswith the same monetary policy framework, including inflationtargeting. Nevertheless, the study finds significant differencesin transparency across monetary policy frameworks. The empiricalfindings are explained using key insights distilled from thetheoretical literature. Thus, this article aims to bridge thegap between the theory and practice of monetary policy transparency.(JEL codes: E58, D82)     

Optimal Degrees of Transparency in Monetary Policymaking

According to most academics and policymakers, transparency in monetary policymaking is desirable. I examine this proposition in a small theoretical model emphasizing forward–looking private sector behavior. Transparency makes it easier for price setters to infer the central bank's future policy intentions, thereby making current inflation more responsive to policy actions. This induces the central bank to pay more attention to inflation rather than output gap stabilization. Then, transparency may be disadvantageous. It may actually be a policy–distorting straitjacket if the central bank enjoys low–inflation credibility, and there is need for active monetary stabilization policy.
JEL classification : E 42; E 52; F 58     

货币政策透明度的结构与体系的非完整性

本文通过分析货币政策透明度基本结构的合理性,以及三类透明度所发挥的不同作用,提出透明度建设不仅仅是透明程度的提高,更要注重透明度体系的完善.并且,针对我国目前不存在目标透明度,也不能建立目标透明度的事实,建议注重知识透明度的建设及其作用的发挥,使市场主体可以深入学习和理解央行的经济模型和货币政策决策规则,从而发挥货币政策透明度应有的作用.     

当前我国央行货币政策走向分析

今年以来,固定资产投资继续快速增长,货币信贷居高不下,我国经济过热的风险仍然存在.央行在将近4个月的时间里先后两次提高存款准备金率,两次提高利率以抑制过快增长的货币信贷.本次货币政策的目的将限于通过抑制信贷过快膨胀来平滑经济增长,其理想效果是防热而不会致冷."稳健"仍会是央行的货币政策基调.继续加息不是央行的最优选择,高固定资产投资、高经济增长速度仍将是今后较长一段时期内我国经济发展的特点.     

货币政策透明度指数:理论方法与实证检验

文章通过建立货币政策透明度指数,并利用我国金融市场的利率数据进行检验,认为我国中央银行在基准利率调整和准备金率改变等重大政策决策上,货币当局更倾向于采用模糊的政策操作方式,由此可能会导致市场预期的混乱,并最终对政策实施效果产生负面影响。因此,我国有必要借鉴西方国家的政策操作经验,进一步有选择地增加货币政策操作的透明度,并借以最终建立一个简单透明、效率更高的政策调控框架。     

The Monetary Policy of the European Central Bank

The first six years of ECB monetary policy are examined using a general framework that allows central bankers to weight differently positive and negative deviations of inflation, output and the interest rate from their reference values. The empirical analysis on synthetic euro‐area data suggests that the objective of price stability is symmetric, whereas the objectives of real activity and interest‐rate stabilizations are not. Output contractions imply larger policy responses than output expansions of the same size, while movements in the interest rate are larger when the level of the interest rate is relatively high. The hypothesis of M3 growth‐rate targeting is rejected.     

澳中中央银行独立性:比较与借鉴

澳大利亚中央银行经过几十年的改革和发展，其独立性已有很大进展，这一点已为学们的研究所证实。建立市场经济体制的中国迫切需要一个独立的中央银行，为此需借鉴包括澳大利亚在内的西方发达国家的经验，增强和完善中国中央银行的独立性。     

Monetary Policy Transparency in the UK: The Impact of Independence and Inflation Targeting

There is a widespread belief that the transparency of UK monetary policy has increased substantially as a result of the introduction of inflation targeting in 1992 and a number of procedural and institutional reforms which accompanied and followed it. Here, money market responses (and other data) are used to test the possibility that improved anticipation of policy moves may be the result of developments other than the institutional reforms popularly cited. We find overwhelming evidence that the switch to inflation targeting itself significantly reduced monetary policy surprises, while subsequent reforms have contributed little. Where we advance substantially on earlier work is to look at the cross‐sectional dispersion of agents’ anticipation. If the benefit of transparency is the elimination of policy surprise, there is little benefit if the averagely correct anticipations of agents conceal a wide dispersion of view.     

基于MCI缺口的货币政策操作风险测度研究

由于受短期目标的约束以及中央银行对宏观经济形势的认识偏差,若货币政策工具及调控时机选择不当,或政策信息披露不及时等,都有可能误导公众预期和增加市场的不确定性,从而引致货币政策操作风险。通过构建包含货币供应量的货币条件指数(MCI),并考察其实际值与均衡值之间的离差状况,结果表明MCI及其缺口可用于间接测度货币政策操作风险的大小,而所得到的风险指数可作为宏观调控的参考指标。     

Macroeconomic Policy Design in the European Monetary Union: A Numerical Game Approach

Optimal economic reactions of European policy-makers on exogenous shocks are determined by simulating a global macroeconomic model under different institutional arrangements. In particular, it is investigated whether discretionary or rule-based policies and whether non-cooperative or cooperative policies for Europe result in a better performance as measured by intertemporal objective functions. The results show that the answers to these questions depend strongly on the nature of the shock to which European economies are exposed. For a negative supply shock, rule-based policies dominate, whereas for a negative demand shock, cooperative fiscal policy-making within the European Monetary Union gives the best results.