从改革视角看物业税

物业税开征不能仅从为地方政府提供稳定税源角度出发,也不仅仅是财税体制方面的单一改革,必须提升到宏观经济体制改革的高度自2003年十六届三中全会提出"在条件具备时开征物业税"以来,开征物业税就一直是政界、学界讨论的热点,取得了一些共识,对物业税的认识也还存在许多争议。最近我们对物业税相关问题进行了梳理,我们认为当前阶段开征物业税是必要的,这不但可以抑制房价过快上涨,而且可以调整收入分配结构,     

对我国开征物业税问题的思考

<正>关于物业税,目前普遍存在一些认识误区。从长远看,中国开征物业税是大势所趋,当前需要做一些开征物业税前的基础工作,化解开征物业税的一些难点。借鉴国外物业税实践的成功经验,我们对中国物业税制度设计提出了一些建议。     

对个人住房开征物业税的几个判断及效应预测

对个人住房开征物业税是关乎国计民生的大事。本文认为,开征物业税之前需要进一步理顺中央与地方的财政关系;开征后的物业税收入要用于满足地方公共财政支出的需要;物业税开征后的征管质量取决于对个人住房信息的掌握和政府各部门间的横向合作。物业税开征与地区房地产价格弱相关,与全国房地产价格无关;与股市题材炒作相关,与资本市场发育无关;与当地居民收入和福利相关,与辖区外居民效用无关。     

浅析在我国开征物业税的可行性

自从中共中央十六届三中全会的《决定》提出在条件具备时对不动产开征统一规范的物业税后,理论界就什么是物业税、为什么要开征物业税、开征物业税的利弊、何时开征物业税,以及如何开征物业税等理论和实践问题展开了广泛的讨论。本文引介了一些西方国家的物业税征收实践,并进行了综述,以期能对我国这一制度的建设提供思路。     

我国物业税开征中存在问题的探讨

物业税作为一种即将开征的税收政策,是我国税费改革的一项重要举措。本文主要阐述了我国开征物业税的构想与思路,在此基础上,进一步指出了我国开征物业税过程中亟待解决的产权不明晰,物业税率难确定,房产评估机构不健全,公民纳税意愿淡薄等矛盾和问题。最后,提出了明晰土地产权,理顺产权关系,建立科学的房屋产权信息公示和查询系统,建立完善的物业税评估体系,健全物业税必备的法律法规,改革我国现有税种,合理设置物业税计税依据,调动地方政府积极性等一系列的建议。期望此文能对我国物业税的顺利开征提供一些有益的参考和帮助。     

关于物业税几个问题的思考

物业税是财产税的一种,是我国房地产税费改革的方向。就物业税的几个热点问题作了探讨,具体内容包括物业税的范畴、物业税开征必须解决的几个问题、物业税对房价的影响以及物业税的基本框架。     

我国开征物业税的可行性及其制度设计

开征物业税是完善我国财产税制的需要,是规范和加强对房地产业税收调节的需要,我国现行土地制度不应成为开征物业税的障碍。借鉴成熟市场经济国家及我国香港特别行政区物业税制度建设的经验,集合我国的国情,我国应把现行的房产税、城市房地产税、城镇土地使用税、耕地占用税合并为物业税,同时我国的物业税应做到城乡统一、内外统一,应把物业税的征收范围确定为财产的保有环节。     

我国开征物业税的难点透视与政策建议

物业税由“空转”到扩大试点，再到实质性文件的出台，开展物业税是乎已是必然，但我国并不存在开征物业税的前提条件，开征物业税困难重重。本文首先简要介绍物业税及其在我国发展，其次从产权、评估技术、重复征税、民众抵制和地方财政等五个方面分析开征物业税的障碍与难点，最后根据开征物业税的现实难点提出相应的政策建议。     

中国是否应开征物业税

本文主要讨论了我国是否应开征物业税。文章第一部分解释了物业税的定义;第二部分提出了我国现行房地产税收体系存在的问题;第三和第四部分介绍了物业税提出的背景和征收的前提条件;第五部分列举了物业税的改革方案;第六部分列举了对征收物业税赞成和不赞成的意见;最后总结说明我国开征物业税是大势所趋,但目前物业税征收的时机尚未成熟。     

物业税开征对我国房地产市场影响研究

物业税究竟应不应该开征,什么时候开征,无疑是2008年的一个热点。本文对我国房地产税收的历史沿革及房地产税收的基本理论进行了阐述和研究,并简要论述了开征物业税对我国房地产市场的积极影响和消极影响。最后笔者简要阐述了开征物业税的现状,并对开征物业税的前景做了的总结分析。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.