深化水价改革:全面推进与重点深入

我国水价改革已经取得一定成绩.但迄今为止,水价改革尚缺少一个系统性强的整体规划,基本处于各自为战、分散进行的状态:城市水价改革快于农村水价改革,城市供水价格改革快于水利工程价格改革,缺水地区水价改革快于丰水地区水价改革.在改革措施方面,则着重于提高水价,普遍存在以调代改甚至只调不改的情况.基于此,本报告提出"深化水价改革,既要全面推进,又要重点深入"的思路,并在完善水价形成机制、水利工程供水价格改革、城市供水价格改革、农业用水价格改革、完善污水处理费征收制度、完善水价管理体制以及建立水权制度和水权交易市场等方面提出对策建议.     

Stride on Energy price Reform

The Chinese government will carefully stimulate energy price reform,and gradually build up a new pricing system that is able to reflect the scarcity of energy resources,market supply and demand,as well as any envi- ronmental cost,while taking into consid- eration the various interests of different groups,and their diversified levels of af- fordability. Moving faster on price reform China has managed to keep its en- ergy production price low for a long time, because it only reflects the exploration,     

我国能源消费结构与能源价格改革

利用能源价格改革优化能源消费结构,对于保护环境、维护国家能源安全意义重大.从分析我国能源消费结构和能源消费价格改革现状出发,着重研究了我国能源消费结构和能源消费价格改革中存在的主要问题,提出了相关对策建议.     

我国能源价格改革的协调性问题研究

深化能源价格改革是优化产业结构、转变经济发展方式、实现可持续发展的重要途径.在分析能源价格改革中存在的协调性问题基础上,提出了推进能源价格改革协调性的对策.     

能源价格市场化的新改革:透明价格机制

在当前我国能源价格市场化改革中,明确透明价格机制在改革中的意义,梳理出当前改革中存在的问题,分析造成这些问题的原因,讨论制定能源价格市场化改革的策略,有效实现透明价格机制,以便发挥价格透明机制在能源价格市场化中的作用.     

经济适用房、土地价格与住宅价格——基于我国29个省级面板数据的实证研究

本文采用省级面板数据,研究经济适用房、土地价格与住宅价格之间的关系。研究发现：（1）土地出让价格、经济适用房价格和住宅价格之间存在长期均衡关系,土地出让价格和经济适用房对住宅价格的影响力度存在区域性差异;（2）短期内,经济适用房的替代效应大于收入效应,其供给有利于平抑商品房价格的上涨趋势;长期内,经济适用房的收入效应大于替代效应,其供给会起到推高房价的作用;（3）土地价格对住宅价格的长、短期影响效应均为正,但影响力度存在区域差异。     

Online Price Search: Impact of Price Comparison Sites on Offline Price Evaluations

Consumers increasingly rely on Internet price comparison sites (PCS) to gain knowledge about the market. The prices generated by a PCS search can act as contextual reference prices and influence the attractiveness of prices encountered later as consumers shop offline at local stores. This paper demonstrates that both PCS retailer ratings and the shape of the PCS price distribution influence the impact of PCS search results on later price evaluations. A favorable PCS retailer rating increases the perceived validity of the price associated with that retailer, enhancing the impact of that PCS price on offline price evaluations (Study 1). The shape of the PCS price distribution can also influence later price evaluations, however this effect depends on the information provided by the PCS retailer ratings. When PCS retailer ratings are similar, implying similar validity for the associated prices, low PCS prices and those appearing more frequently in the PCS price distribution have more impact (Studies 2 and 3). When PCS retailer ratings are variable (some high and some low), the PCS price distribution effect occurs only when the PCS retailer ratings provide congruent information about price validity — that is, the most frequent price is offered by retailers with more favorable ratings. Study 3 shows that price validity inferences do mediate this result. Finally, we depart from the offline shopping context to show that when consumers choose a retailer directly from the PCS search results, the effect of PCS retailer ratings is stronger for high-priced retailers and for consumers who rely less on the retailer price as a heuristic to infer retailer service level. Based on our findings we offer insights for online and offline retailers when considering strategic responses, such as price matching guarantees.     

Price Adjustment Policy with Partial Refunds

Have you ever purchased an item only to notice a short while later that its price was reduced? Many retailers offer to refund customers the full price difference as long as the discount occurred within a short period of time after the original purchase. Such policy looks attractive to consumers as it shields them from future price fluctuations. But can this policy be advantageous for the retailer?In this paper we investigate the price difference refund policy (commonly referred to as price adjustment) and demonstrate how it can result in a higher profit even if all consumers request and receive a price adjustment.Further, the existing literature and practice both assume that if a price adjustment policy is employed, the consumers should get the full price difference refunded. In this paper we endogenize the refund amount, allowing the retailer to determine the optimal percentage of the price difference to be returned to consumers. We fully characterize the conditions under which it is optimal to offer a partial or greater than full price adjustment to customers as well as the optimal refund percentage. Additionally, we demonstrate that the practice of limiting the price adjustment option to a short period after the purchase incident is not necessarily in the best interest of retailers.     

林产品价格现状与林产品价格调控体系的构建

林产品价格是农林产品价格体系的重要组成部分,应受到高度重视。林产品价格已经成为影响林业企业经营管理乃至整个林业经济效益的一项重要指标,关注农产品价格的同时,林产品价格及林业经济的健康发展亟待关注和重视。通过林产品价格现状及问题分析,阐述林产品价格规范体系构建的作用,提出林产品价格体系构建的对策,减少林产品价格波动及其对于林业经济的影响,促进林产品价格的稳定以及林业经济的发展。     

中国物价总指数变动中的相对价格调整及其宏观调控含义

在对国外相对价格变动与通货膨胀关系研究的文献基础上,本文首先对2001年1月至2008年2月间的中国相对价格变动与整体通货膨胀之间的关系进行了实证分析,结果表明,在样本期内,它们之间存在显著的正相关关系,通胀率上升会伴随着相对价格较大地调整;然后,本文研究了引起相对价格变动的机制,认为不同类别产品的需求收入弹性、需求冲击与供给冲击都可能引起相对价格的变化;最后分析了相对价格变动对宏观调控的意义。     

我国大豆市场价格整合分析

主要研究国内大豆市场之间、国内与国际大豆市场之间的价格影响与作用机制。本文分析了各市场价格变化之间的因果关系,各市场之间相对价格差异调整的速度。并从计量经济学的模型检验了变量价格序列数据之间是否是协整的关系及确认了它们之间格兰杰意义上的因果关系走向。     

Price Font Disfluency: Anchoring Effects on Future Price Expectations

Novel, unique, or otherwise disfluent fonts are often used to draw consumer attention. However, disfluent fonts may also create metacognitive processing challenges. Therefore, consumers may devote more cognitive resources to process disfluent price fonts and will consequently be more likely to accurately recall and anchor on disfluent price displays when forming their future price expectations. Three experiments demonstrate that disfluent sale prices can reduce future price expectations, while disfluent manufacturer-suggested retail prices (MSRPs) can increase future price expectations. Additionally, price recall accuracy mediates the effect. Moderation analysis demonstrates that disfluent MSRP displays are more likely to affect price-conscious and less-involved consumers.     

Price image consequences

This study investigates the consequences of price image. Two conditions, a policy of intermediate price condition and a policy of low price condition, were distinguished in an experiment. Three moderators (consumers' price conscientiousness, retailer's motives perceived by consumers and consumers' familiarity with the retailer) were considered for these two conditions. Using partial least squares analyses (PLS), we propose integrated models of the consequences of price image highlighting the direct and indirect effects of this concept on consumers' satisfaction, trust, attitude and future behavioral intentions to the retailer. This research fills a gap in the literature since previous studies have mainly focused on the antecedents of price image or have only investigated specific links between the variables considered. Finally, considering our findings, we recommend to managers to favor either a policy of intermediate or low price depending of their consumers' characteristics.     

Book Prices in the UK Since the End of Resale Price Maintenance

After the Net Book Agreement was abandoned in 1995 and struck down by the Restrictive Practices Court in 1997 Restrictive Practices Court. 1997. Judgment in the matter of the Net Book Agreement, 1995 No 3 and No 4  [Google Scholar], retail book prices were widely expected to fall. Despite deeper and wider retail discounts, official indices show that book prices have subsequently risen more than general inflation. This apparent anomaly may be explained by an argument accepted at the 1962 Restrictive Practices Court hearing: that price competition would lead to concentration and greater buying power in bookselling and to bigger trade discounts from publishers, who would seek to maintain profits by raising list prices. Discounts by retailers would fail to compensate. Evidence provides some support for this explanation. While more research is required to confirm this analysis, it is relevant wherever there is debate about retention of resale price maintenance for books. It also supports the argument for case by case consideration of resale price maintenance, rather than condemnation on principle     

股指期货最后结算价:国际比较与台湾经验

本文对目前全球主要交易所股价指数期货最后结算价的确定规则进行了横向归类和比较,介绍了台湾期货交易所股指期货最后结算价确定规则的历史演变。以我国台湾地区为研究对象,利用拔靴复制检定方法,本文对股指期货最后结算价各种确定规则的效应进行了实证分析,并得到了一系列重要的实证结论。     

Effects of Consumers’ Efforts on Price and Promotion Fairness Perceptions

This research examines how consumers’ efforts as a nonmonetary sacrifice influence their price and promotion fairness perceptions in the context of price promotions. Multiple studies using different price promotion tactics demonstrate that consumers’ perceived level of effort to obtain a reduced price negatively influences their fairness perceptions when they deny the promoted price. Exploring the underlying mechanisms of this effect, we show that the amount of effort consumers exert to obtain a promoted price leads to their feeling of deservingness and entitlement. When the promoted price is denied, this feeling of entitlement is violated, causing unfairness perceptions to occur. The research demonstrates that, in addition to retailers’ actions such as price changes, consumers’ actions, in the form of their effort input, are also an important determinant of fairness perceptions.     

Price Discrimination by Coupons Restriction

In this paper we show how the use of a restricted number of coupons in the presence of different types of customers is an effective means of implementing a price discriminating policy. Hence, firm profits can be increased even when traditional price discrimination is forbidden.     

Price Differences in Consumer Goods in Retail Markets

Abstract

This study analyses the effects that competition causes on the dispersion of prices in the mass market products. Therefore, a model is proposed that integrates the vertical, spatial and market environment factors that make up the competitive structure of the retail trade distribution sector. The results obtained, after processing a database of more than 19,000 records, indicate that various indicators of these three levels of competition exercise a decisive influence on determining the final prices of the analysed products. Likewise, the research allows verifying that there are significant differences in the effect caused by the analysed factors on the dispersion of prices, thereby depending on the considered product category (packaged goods versus fresh food).     

Price transparency reflects assurance and reliability

This paper aims to examine the effect of price transparency on assurance, reliability and customer loyalty in the case of Wal-Mart Best Price Store. A total of 402 usable responses were gathered from customers of Wal-Mart store in Bhopal (MP), India. The study scales were refined and validated by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The AMOS 22.0 and SmartPLS 3.0 statistical programmes were used for measurement validation and to test the structural model. The results indicated that the price transparency has a significant effect on assurance and reliability to ensure customer loyalty. Also, the study did not find a direct effect of price transparency on customer loyalty. The identified dimensions of price transparency are expected to bring clarity to the issue of customer assurance, reliability and loyalty. This would help the management of the retailing sector. The study seems to offer opportunities to understand that only price transparency is not responsible for improving customer loyalty. It influences assurance and reliability which further increase customer loyalty.     

The Signaling Impact of Low Introductory Price on Perceived Quality and Trial

Economic signaling theory suggests that consumers interpret price withinthe context of market conditions. Under specific conditions it predicts thatlow price may signal high quality. Results from an experiment designed totest the behavioral assumptions underlying this prediction indicate thatconsumers intentions to purchase conform to the predictions of economicsignaling theory, but their judgments of product quality do not. The resultssuggest that consumers' response to signals may be more complex thanpreviously shown.