The Application of Mathematical Programming Approaches to Estimating Container Port Production Efficiency

Container terminal production is both an important and complicated element in the contemporary global economy. This paper aims to evaluate the efficiency of the world’s most important container ports and terminals using the two alternative techniques of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Free Disposal Hull (FDH) model. The results give an insight into the current efficiency ranking of the world’s major container ports and terminals. They also confirm expectations that the available mathematical programming methodologies lead to different results and that appropriate variable definition of input and output factors is a crucial element in meaningful applications of DEA and FDH. It is also concluded that the availability of panel data, rather than cross-sectional data would greatly improve the validity of the efficiency estimates derived from all the mathematical programming techniques applied.JEL Classification:C61, D24, E23, L23, L25, L92     

基于超效率DEA模型的辽宁省集装箱港口生产效率评价

对超效率DEA模型进行了介绍,并采用超效率DEA模型对辽宁省集装箱港口的生产效率进行了评价.评价结果表明辽宁省的大部分集装箱码头处于规模收益递增或规模收益不变的状态;同建港时间最长、规模最大、吞吐量最高的大连港相比,一些新兴的集装箱码头的生产效率更高.     

集装箱箱型发展趋势与我国集装箱码头建设

为反映国内外集装箱箱型发展对我国集装葙码头建设的影响。对相关文献进行分析总结,从影响集装箱箱型发展的主要因素出发。提出为应对国际集装箱箱型的变化,新建和正在投资兴建的集装箱码头如果集装箱吞吐量具有一定规模且具有一定发展潜力．应该尽量配备适合大型箱发展趋势的基础设施与设备．以适应国际贸易货物品种的特点并兼顾水运、铁路和公路车辆的客观条件,以此推进国内多式联运体系的构建。     

Scale efficiencies in US telecommunications: An empirical investigation

In this paper we evaluate scale efficiency patterns of local operating companies in the US telecommunications industry. Scale efficiency is defined as the ability of each company to operate as close to its most productive scale size as possible, and is calculated using data envelopment analysis. The analysis of scale efficiencies is conducted for a set of 39 local operating companies, over six time periods: 1975, 1978, 1981, 1984, 1987 and 1990. During these time periods, several technical and institutional changes took place in the industry which are likely to have had an impact on the abilities of the companies to exploit feasible scale efficiencies, and we find that scale efficiencies have steadily increased over these time periods. We also establish that the Bell operating companies are no different from the independent companies in their ability to be scale efficient; single-state firms are relatively more scale efficient; line digitization, during the periods studied, has not significantly impacted scale efficiency; and firms belonging to multi-company parents are more scale efficient. Additionally, policy regime changes, such as the introduction of intra-LATA toll market competition and incentive regulation schemes, have positively impacted firms' abilities to attain scale efficiency, while micro-segment competition in local markets have, so far, not had the expected impact.     

Jackson网络在集装箱码头物流优化中的应用研究

将集装箱码头物流网络抽象Jackson排队网络模型，采用递归计算了Jackson排队网络系统性能指标。并对集装箱码头物流优化的核心设备配比进行了计算。仿真结果表明，Jackson排队网络模型计算结果可以为集装箱码头物流作业优化提供一定的理论指导。     

铁路集装箱中心站管理信息系统研究

着重研究如何构建铁路集装箱中心站管理信息系统,以实现铁路集装箱中心站运输、服务、管理的现代化,研究贯穿集装箱中心站管理信息系统的总体目标、系统组成及系统整体框架等关键问题。系统基于调度集中、箱号自动识别、电子数据交换、图形化管理、专家系统及无线数据通信等关键技术,由若干子系统组成,各子系统和作业点通过站内局域网和无线通信方式连接,以集装箱中心站作业流程为基础,覆盖中心站集装箱作业处理和运输组织所有业务,包括如国际箱办理、货代等集装箱业务环节。     

新建集装箱码头机械设备管理要点

机械设备是集装箱码头重要资产,新建集装箱码头应从初期即应规范做好设备管理工作。作者论述了集装箱码头机械设备管理的目标、主要内容及新建集装箱码头机械设备管理的关键点。     

Public-private partnerships and scale efficiency in Brazilian ports: Evidence from two-stage DEA analysis

This paper assesses the impacts of public-private partnerships on major Brazilian public ports. It is proposed that these kinds of arrangements with private terminal operators could help achieving higher levels of scale efficiency by enhancing coordination processes, providing more adequate information technologies, and higher connectivity with other transportation modes. Methodology relies on factor extraction of inputs/outputs as a first step to compute DEA efficiency estimates, followed by truncated bootstrapped regression analysis to test different contextual variables. Results indicate a strong positive impact of public-private partnerships on port scale efficiency, corroborating their impacts in relation to the most productive scale size.     

Global value chains,local collective action and corporate social responsibility: a review of empirical evidence

A key debate in the corporate social responsibility (CSR) literature is the tension between global pressures and local responses. Developing country suppliers often grumble that CSR compliance adds costs. Yet, local collective action, articulated through industry associations, can potentially reduce costs and promote local embeddedness of CSR initiatives. Through case study analysis, this paper considers how demands for CSR compliance prompted collective action responses in selected developing country export industries. We argue that differences in collective responses can be partially explained by how local export industries are inserted into global value chains. We distinguish between ‘highly visible’ value chains, led by internationally well known brands as lead firms, and relatively ‘less visible’ chains, where external CSR pressures come from a variety of sources, including less dominant lead firms, international/national regulatory frameworks and national media. This differentiation suggests a possible trade‐off between the independence and the embeddedness of collective CSR initiatives. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

集装箱码头操作控制子系统产品化研发实施

论文结合多年码头实际研发实施现状,设计出可适应多种码头类型的架构,抽象出多个可复用的公用组件,并从业务层面总结出一批同时适应多种码头业务的可配置内容,大大减少了新码头的开发成本以及后期实施的成本,为集装箱码头操作系统产品化道路迈出了坚实的一步。     

三级铁路集装箱站点运输组织的研究

简述了铁路集装箱三级站点的建设和发展的现状,分析了三级站点构成的铁路集装箱网络,提出了组织三级站点铁路集装箱运输的方法,并对集装箱运输的综合发展提出了建议。     

集装箱码头客户满意度及发展对策研究

分析集装箱码头运作机理,从不同视角剖析客户需求,并建立具有内部依赖性的集装箱码头客户满意度指标体系。运用网络层次分析法和模糊综合评判方法进行指标权重确定和综合评价,判定服务主体综合服务水平。最后,运用该方法对厦门港集装箱码头进行实例分析,发现制约厦门港发展关键点,并根据分析结果提出解决对策。     

基于限制条件的港口集装箱码头出口集装箱堆存定位研究

采用限制条件满足的方式,对出口集装箱的堆存空间进行配置。出口集装箱堆场空间位置预分配可以提高集装箱装船效率。以内集卡和场吊效率最大化为目标,根据实际集装箱码头的堆存操作,提出相关限制条件。最后用实验数据验证该方法的效果。     

铁路集装箱中心站管理信息系统设计研究

基于海铁联运集装箱作业流程特征,提炼包括运输时间因素和运输空间因素的铁路集装箱中心站联运货物中转换装延迟主要影响因素,分析项目数学模型建立所需数据、多式联运参与人所需数据以及铁路集装箱中心站作业数据,建立中心站管理信息系统数据库,进而对集装箱中心站管理信息系统进行初步设计。该系统不仅能够满足多式联运参与人查询集装箱运输状况的需求,同时也为站内装卸作业优化提供基础数据支持。     

Innovation and de facto standardization: The influence of dominant design on innovative performance,radical innovation,and process innovation

Setting technology standards is the route to market growth and to potentially influencing the performance of a whole industry. When a market accepts a particular technology as one that defines the specifications for products in the entire industry, a dominant design is set. In this article, we investigate how the existence of a dominant design affects subsequent innovation in an industry. In particular, we study the influence on innovative performance, radical innovation, and process innovation. Analyzing longitudinal, cross-sectional patent data for more than 2.6 million patents filed from 1978 to 2013, we find support for our hypotheses that an industry's innovative performance and degree of radical innovation are negatively influenced by dominant design in that industry, and that process innovation is fostered by the occurrence of a dominant design. We discuss the findings in the light of the increasing speed of technological development and standardization. Additionally, results from a sensitivity analysis for different threshold values of dominant design call for adjusting a binary definition of dominant design with different threshold values depending on the effects under study.     

基于机场货站视角的航空物流链效率研究

航空物流是物流产业的重要组成部分,货物的地面处理又决定着航空物流的整体效率。文章设计了一个航空物流链的简化运作模型,认为机场货站是货物地面处理的关键部分,并且运用博弈论的方法进行分析,得出单一的机场货站是缺乏运作效率的。根据分析的结论,建议从三点提高航空物流链整体效率:一是机场货站需要打破垄断,转做平台经营;二是机场货站将不涉及运输安全的业务剥离与外包;三是应由航空货代或航空运输企业参与机场货站经营。     

集装箱堆场出口箱堆存模型及其算法

本文提出了不同重量、不同目的港的集装箱按照一定顺序随机到达堆场的堆存模型。模型同时考虑了集装箱目的港、箱重和作业难度三个因素，这样可以保证装船时尽量少倒箱，极大地提高了装船效率。本文给出了启发式算法解决该问题。实例结果表明，按照此算法可在装船作业时倒箱次数较少的情况下产生实用的实配载图。     

集装箱码头自动化装卸作业工艺研究分析

文中在对典型的集装箱码头装卸工艺进行分析之后,对现有的一些自动化集装箱码头的装卸作业工艺作了分析介绍。     

Reproduction and Change on the Global Scale: A Bourdieusian Perspective on Management Education

Despite a proliferation of critical studies on management education, there is a paucity of knowledge of the ways in which problematic beliefs, values, and practices are reproduced in and through management education. By drawing on and extending Bourdieu's seminal work, this paper offers a new perspective on reproduction on the global scale. Our framework spans three inter‐related levels of analysis: the dominant beliefs, values, and practices (nomos and doxa) of management in global society; the structuration of the field of management education on a global scale; and the prevailing pedagogical practices in management education programmes. Our analysis adds to critical studies of management education by elucidating the overwhelming institutional forces of reproduction and thus explaining how difficult it is to effect change in the prevailing ideas, values, and practices. Unlike most critical analyses, we also explain how change might take place and what it would require. Thus, our analysis advances studies of reproduction in this era of globalization more generally. It also provides an example of how Bourdieusian ideas can be applied and expanded upon in novel ways in research on education in general and management education in particular.     

装卸同步模式下桥吊调度问题研究

为了提高集装箱码头装卸效率,减少桥吊的空运行现象,实现桥吊的满负荷工作,提出了装船作业和卸船作业同时进行的同步装卸方法。同步装卸是集装箱码头为提高装卸效率及桥吊利用率而采取的一种新的调度方法。建立了同步装卸模型并用模拟退火算法求解,运用实例对模型和算法进行验证。结果表明同步装卸模式可以减少装卸作业时间,提高桥吊装卸效率。