浅谈作业成本法在我国制造业中的推行策略

随着我国越来越多的企业努力尝试将作业成本法用于企业日常管理,应用中存在的问题也日渐凸显.只有正确的应用作业成本法才能让企业受益最大化,面对传统标准成本制度在新经营环境下的困境,以及对作业成本法这一先进的成本核算系统在我国制造业中运用的困难性,本文就作业成本法在制造业成本核算中的运用及改进进行探讨,并提出以下策略希望能够对作业成本法在我国制造企业中推广实施有所帮助.     

作业成本法(ABC)在小型制造业应用研究——以DR公司生产数据为例

<正>作业成本法(ABC)比传统成本法的最大优点是制造费用的归集分配更加完全精确。目前国内只有大型制造业在尝试应用,因此如何在小型制造业中进行应用是当前一个值得探讨的问题。一、作业成本法在国内的应用现状作业成本法(Activity-Based Costing,简称ABC)国外实     

作业基础预算（ABB）浅探

自20世纪80年代以来，国内外有大量文献探讨过传统成本法的缺陷、作业成本法(ABC)的体系框架及其优越于传统成本法的方面，而且不乏成功实施ABC法的案例。但无论是理论界还是实务界，对ABC法的探讨和应用均侧重于其成本分配的功能(即如何将制造费用更为合理的分配到产品／服务／顾客)，鲜有文献介绍如何利用ABC法的信息进行成本控制、业绩评价以及决策优化等。     

作业成本法在第三方检测企业的应用探讨

作业成本法是管理会计中一个较为先进的成本管理工具,其在制造业运用中收到了显著效果,也受到非制造企业的青睐,结合作业成本法相关理论与第三方检测企业经营特点,将作业成本法应用于第三方检测企业,探讨其应用的可行性和可操作性,可以为第三方检测企业提供借鉴.     

目标作业成本管理在煤炭开采企业的应用研究

<正>煤炭开采企业适用的成本管理方法有很多,例如目标成本法、环境成本法、作业成本法、安全成本法、战略成本法、标准成本法等等,其中最常用的是目标成本法或作业成本法,这两种方法在使用的过程中有优点也有局限性,但鉴于两者在煤炭开采企业运用时都存在着其固有的局限性,所以本文拟将两者结合,取长补短,探索目标作业成本管理在煤炭开采企业的应用。一、煤炭开采企业实施目标作业成本管理的必要性分析     

作业成本管理在浙江制造业中的应用

<正>一、作业成本管理基本概述作业成本管理(ABC/M,Activity-Based Costing Management)是成本管理会计领域中的一种新的管理思想和管理方法。它是作业成本法下的一个分支。作业成本法包括作业成本核算和作业成本管理。ABC在企业中的成功实施90%来源于公司行为和管理的变更,10%来自于数字计算。但大多数企业在实施过程中将两者比例颠倒。作业成本管理的实施强调的是公司管理和行为的变更,数学计算方面的知识仅作为辅助。企业在实施的时候,致     

关于作业成本法在我国的应用环境分析

作业成本法（Activity Based Costing,ABC)是一种旨在弥补传统成本管理会计的缺陷，努力提供及时，准确，相关的成本信息的新型成本会计方法。自20世纪80年代中期以来，为了适应新技术革命和适时制的要求，作业成本法受到发达国家各类企业的重视，应用最多的是制造业，我国自90年代初引入作业成本法开始，理论界和实务界就开始探索其在我国企业的应用问题，近十年来，作来成本法在我国的研究和应用也取得了较大的进展，但是，这种有效的成本管理会计方法现在是否可以在我国的企业中广泛推行呢？笔者认为目前时机尚不成熟，本文通过对作业成本法产生的背景及我国企业面临的主要环境因素进行对比分析。     

作业成本法在企业物流系统中的研究与运用

作业成本法是以作业成本计算为基础．融合作业会计与作业管理集成管理方法。自20世纪80年代提出至今。作业成本法在美国等发达国家不仅得到理论界的一致认同．在实务界也得到了广泛应用。与发达国家相比．我国关于作业成本法的研究还处于理论研究和试点应用阶段。本文着重讨论了如何运用作业成本法分析并计算企业的物流成本．并通过实例说明了在计算企业物流成本方面作业成本法相对于传统成本计算法的巨大优势,力求使人们能够对企业的物流成本有一个较为完整的认识,希望能引起企业管理者对作业成本法的重视,改变我国目前企业物流系统中作业成本法的实施情况,实现企业的成本竞争优势。     

运用作业成本法优化商业银行经营资源配置

作业成本法属于管理会计的内容,是西方国家于八十年代末开始研究、九十年代以来首先运用于先进制造企业,目前在先进制造业和金融业等领域得到广泛运用的一种全新的企业管理理论和方法。中国理论界对作业成本法的研究不多,企业对作业成本法还相当陌生。但笔者认为,作业成本法及作业成本管理思想将来定能以其先进的管理理念和灵活的方法在中国银行业得到应用和发展。     

浅谈如何运用作业成本法提升企业成本管理

本文介绍了作业成本法的基本理论及与传统成本法的主要区别,目前,作业成本法在我国的应用还并不是很普遍,但具备条件的企业应积极摸索和尝试,运用作业成本法的理念和思想来提升企业成本管理能力。本文通过具体案例对作业成本法的应用进行了分析和说明。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.