从文化的角度看团队

丰田和沃尔沃的两种团队模式著名的精益生产(LP)以JIT为主要思想,是通过规范把生产中的一切浪费问题暴露出来,用几乎是伏特制下的一般时间一半人力一半场地来进行生产,降低成本,提高生产效率。在LP的思想里,强调以人为本,以团队工作的形式来发挥员工的主动性和创造性。在这样的     

精益生产在制造业中的应用

精益生产(Lean Production,简称LP)又称精良生产,是美国麻省理工学院数位国际汽车计划组织(IMVP)的专家对日本(Just In Time)生产方式的赞誉之称。其中"精"表示精良、精确、精美;"益"表示利益、效益等。精益生产就是及时制造,消灭故障,消除一     

装备制造业中精益生产管理模式的应用

以装配制造业为研究对象,运用定性研究方法对该类企业进行分析研究,从实际调研角度出发,指出了生产组织、经营管理、生产经营、生产计划以及销售五个方面存在的问题。基于此,以具体实例为例,准时化生产管理为核心,JIT、TPM以及TQM之间的关系为指导思想,提出了某装配型企业引入精益生产管理（LP）后的生产管理模型,指出了改进的方案,为其他实施精益生产管理模式的装配制造型企业起到一定的借鉴作用。     

精益生产在制造业中的应用

精益生产（Lean Production,简称IP）又称精良生产,是美国麻省理工学院数位国际汽车计划组织（IMVP）的专家对日本（Just InTime）生产方式的赞誉之称。其中“精”表示精良、精确、精美;“益”表示利益、效益等。精益生产就是及时制造,消灭故障,消除一切浪费,向零缺陷、零库存进军。精益生产以简化为手段,消除生产中一切不增值的活动;采用适度自动化,提高生产系统的柔性;强调团队协作,注重发挥人的潜能;不断改进,以追求“完美”为最终目标。其生产结构类似于一座房屋的结构,其屋顶是精益生产（LP）,     

推进精益生产的核心工具

精益生产(Lean Production,LP),普遍被认为是最适用于现代制造企业的一种生产组织管理方式,它综合了大量生产与单件生产方式的优点,力求在大量生产中实现多品种和高质量产品的低成本生产,达到降低消耗,提高效益的目标。精益生产已在制造业中得到广泛的推广和应用,有些企业已取得很好的效果。根据一些成功企业的经验,在推行精益生产中,企业除了要转变观念外,一方面要避免像搞运动一样地推行精益生产,另一方面,还要运用好它的三个核心工具,分步实施,重点突破,这样才能取得事半功倍的效果。核心工具之一:“5S”管理“5S”管理起源于日本,也…     

简单而有效的TOC管理理论

关于生产管理理论,从有现代工业生产以来,全球就不乏企业家和理论家总结和发明各种生产管理的理论。比如：以美国曼切斯特大学教授布莱克特为代表的管理科学学派的运筹学理论;泰罗的科学管理理论;法约尔的过程管理理论;还有日本丰田公司提出的准时制生产（JIT）及英美学者在此基础上提出的精益生产理论（LP）等;     

非典型精益生产环境下的现场质量控制“十点法”

传统的现场质量控制理论中，以5M1E即影响现场工序质量的人、机、料、法、环、测为主要控制对象。以准时生产制（即JIT）、生产全面维护（即TPM）等方式为主要特征的精益生产（即LP，或丰田生产模式TPS），给现场的质量控制提出了新的要求。传统的现场质量控制对象5M1E及其方法，已不能满足精益生产环境下现场质量控制的需要。     

集优生产管理的探索与实践

2007年以来,河南中烟工业有限责任公司南阳卷烟厂全面贯彻落实国家烟草专卖局和省工业公司目标管理工作指导方针,不断加强生产组织形式创新实践,通过对生产流程的梳理、整合,通过优化生产环节资源配置,尝试性地推行了集优生产组织方式,实现精益生产、集中生产、准时生产,保障了生产计划有效落实,实现资源有效节约,使生产效能达到最优化。该厂的做法适应了新时期订单生产组织方式的需要,对烟草和其他行业实施生产组织管理有一定借鉴意义。     

钢铁企业精细化管理体系的构建研究

<正>进入21世纪,管理科学迎来了一场知识爆发运动,各种管理理念、技术、手段纷纷涌现,5S/6S、ISO9000、零缺陷(ZD)、精益生产(LP)、零库存(ZI)、全面生产维护(TPM)、六西格玛、标杆管     

工业企业生产管理

狭义的生产管理是指以产品基本生产过程为对象的管理；广义生产管理是指以工厂生产系统为对象，包括所有与产品制造密切有关的各方面工作的管理。生产系统运转程序是：输入（生产要素、计划、标准）→中间转换（生产过程）→输出（产品、劳务、信息）。输出又对输入和中间转换进行反馈，生产经营型企业生产管理的特点是：按需生产、经济生产、匀衡生产、准时生产、文明生产、安全生产。生产管理在企业管理中的重要性表现为：生产经营型的管理要求面向市场，生产经营型管理提出较高的全面的经营目标，讲究经济效益；生产经营型管理要求企业领导人的主要精力用于经营决策，着眼于企业的全面规划。生产管理的基本任务是：按照预定的经营目标和经营计划，充分利用人力、材料、设备和资金，从产品品种、质量、数量、成本、交货期等要求出发，生产出适销对路，用户满意的产品，以满足社会的需要，提高企业生产的经济效益，生产管理内容包括计划、组织和控制三个方面，这里的计划主要是指按经营计划制订的生产计划和生产作业计划；组织，主要是指生产过程组织和劳动过程组织，并处理好两者的关系；控制，是对生产全过程实行全面控制。     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

In the shadow of loommg, global Economy Crisis we take pro-achve Measures, Aiming at Lofty Goals we sharpen our compehhve edge

This paper touches on impact of global financial crisis on economic entity and how QRRS as leading railway equipment in China re-act by taking proactive measures;it also points out weakness of this company and give suggestions on possible solutions.     

Neoliberalization,Housing Institutions and Variegated Gentrification: How the ‘Third Wave’ Broke in Amsterdam

Neil Smith argues that in the last two decades gentrification has become a generalized global urban phenomenon. His theory is at a high level of abstraction, as it links urban gentrification to globalization, financial capitalism and neoliberalization. With these global processes, all cities have experienced ‘third wave’ gentrification. The theory, however, leaves little room for variegations of gentrification, apart from characterizing geographical differences as idiosyncrasies or as minor variations. This downplays the role of intervening mechanisms that impinge upon the pursuit and social outcomes of gentrification. This article aims to amend abstract theory by looking at Amsterdam from a historical institutional perspective. In Amsterdam, gentrification was particularly made possible by a process of neoliberalization within the housing system. However, as institutional change is incremental and based on layering and conversion, many older institutional arrangements remain in place. These arrangements tend to slow gentrification and assuage social consequences. Nevertheless, neoliberal modifications to the housing system have been accelerating the pursuit of gentrification. Current policies will very likely lead to exclusionary displacement.     

Measuring the impact of R&;D on Productivity from a Econometric Time Series Perspective

In this paper we argue that the standard sequential reduction approach to modelling dynamic relationships may be sub-optimal when long lag lengths are required and especially when the intermediate lags may be less important. A flexible model search approach is adopted using the insights of Bayesian Model probabilities, and new information criteria based on forecasting performance. This approach is facilitated by exploiting Genetic Algorithms. Using data on U.K. and U.S. agriculture the bivariate time series relationship between R&D expenditure and productivity is analysed. Long lags are found in the relationship between R&D expenditures and productivity in the U.K. and in the U.S. which remain undiscovered when using the orthodox approach. This finding is of particular importance in the debate on the optimal level of public R&D funding.JEL Classification: C22, C51, Q16     

How selected primary schools in rural New Zealand manage their financial resources of limited government funding in order to effectively meet their schools objectives

This study evaluates the extent to which primary schools in a region of New Zealand are challenged by limited funds to enable the effective management and performance of their school. The study involved interviews with school principals and analysis of their schools＇ financial statements. The aim of this project is to gain a current understanding of the issues and challenges facing primary schools in a defined region （Waikato） to see whether the trends identified in national research studies, confirms the problem that schools are underfunded. The results of the current study identified the issues experienced by the Waikato schools and in most cases supported previous research findings. The findings of the current study also suggest that schools share the dilemmas associated with limited government funding and rely significantly on local funding sources to achieve their basic objectives. Although schools may be effective in the management of their school objectives, there is more government funding required to relieve the pressures and challenges.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.