城市灾害应急预案基本要素探讨

目前,城市灾害管理正在逐渐受到各级政府的重视,为了有效地减轻城市灾害的损失,一些大中城市开始制定灾害应急预案.然而,在应该制定什么样的城市应急预案才能真正在救灾抢险中发挥最大作用等方面仍缺少必要的论证和探讨.文章从政府灾害应急救灾的基本程序入手,对城市灾害应急预案的基本要素进行了探讨,提出了城市灾害预测评价和防灾规划是制定城市灾害应急预案的基础,而灾害应急指挥系统、灾害情报体系、救灾抢险体系、应急医疗体系、应急避难体系和交通管理体系六大主要因素构成了城市灾害应急预案的基本要素.     

Computerizing Barriers in Quality Management in Poland

Speed and flexibility in managing the information is of bigger and bigger importance in management at present. Efficient management of a company requires an access to current information which constitutes the key potential of a company, difficult to forge and of a unique character, thanks to which an appropriate managing the information is an important factor of competitive domination. The best way to achieve such an effect is to computerize the management. The application of computer equipment facilitates the information flow and therefore it dispenses managers from mechanical duties and allows them to focus on conceptual work connected with using the gathered information, whereas a tedious effort of its processing is done by a computer system.     

基于ANN的市政工程投资额估算

工程投资额预测是市政工程管理中的一项重要工作。在收集相似工程有关资料的基础上，考虑物价波动的影响，应用人工神经网络（ANN）方法对市政工程投资额进行预测，并针对BP算法中难以确定隐节点个数的缺点，提出了一种动态调整隐节点数的改进的BP算法，通过动态调整学习参数，加快网络的收敛速度。算例结果表明：该方法预测所得的投资额预测值精度较高，具有应用价值。     

Linear programming and locational equilibrium: The Herbert-Stevens model revisited

The paper reviews the early work of Herbert-Stevens in which linear programming was used to find a competitive equilibrium to an urban land market. First, it is demonstrated that a solution to the Herbert-Stevens model does not meet well-established criteria for an equilibrium. Secondly, a new linear programming model is suggested which is proven to achieve equilibrium if certain conditions are met. An iterative procedure for meeting these conditions is suggested, and an operational version of the model exhibits no problem in obtaining convergence. The revised model represents a feasible way of simulating urban land markets.     

公共文化服务体系建设与图书馆事业发展

公共文化服务体系建设是文化建设的重要组成部分,也是我国经济社会发展的一项重要任务,图书馆事业建设在公共文化服务体系建设中也占据着重要的地位,发挥着重要的作用。借公共文化服务体系建设的东风,图书馆事业也迎来了新世纪以来难得的发展机遇,取得了令人振奋的成就。公共文化服务体系建设,对于图书馆来说既是机遇也是挑战,它是时代的机遇,要求图书馆抓住机遇实现跨越式发展。     

Case studies in geotechnics: Some expedients for technical innovation

The path from fundamental research and development of a product to success in the market place is described, together with an account of some of the difficulties faced by the innovator. The essential nature of physical and mathematical modelling is emphasised and the advantages, not only for the mainstream programme of research and development work but also in the identification of other potentially fruitful areas for possible development, are highlighted. An indication of the licensing and marketing aspects which are essential to ensure that an invention becomes an innovation are given, and particular attention is drawn to the difficulties of a small business organization penetrating international markets in a high-technology field of activity. Finally, an attempt is made to identify some of the expedients necessary in technical innovation and, where appropriate, reference is made to the influence of engineering education.     

Market insurance and endogenous saving with multiple loss states

The standard one-period model for insurance demand does not consider the interaction between the present and the future. Reflecting this observation, we analyze intertemporal insurance demand and saving in a two-period model with multiple loss states. When an individual has no access to a capital market, we first find that an actuarially fair premium does not guarantee full insurance in general, unlike in the standard approach. Income stream and discount factors are also important in determining insurance demand. Second, insurance is neither an inferior good nor a Giffen good. Third, an increase in concavity of the utility function does not always lead to an increase in insurance demand. The current income level and changes in downside risk aversion affect insurance demand. When the individual has access to a capital market, we further have the following observations. Fourth, an actuarially fair premium leads to full insurance. Fifth, insurance is an inferior good and can be a Giffen good under decreasing absolute risk aversion (DARA). An increase in the interest rate leads to a lower insurance demand and a higher saving when the relative risk aversion is less than unity. Lastly, an increase in concavity of the utility function leads to an increase in insurance demand and a decrease in saving. In conjunction, our findings point to the fact that the standard results are not obtainable if insurance demand is considered in isolation from the capital market.     

Entrepreneurship and the Division of Ownership in New Ventures

The current study investigates a tripartite incentive contract between an innovator supplying an intellectual asset, a professional assigned to productive tasks, and a consulting firm specializing in matching ideas and professional skills. A rather simple pure tripartite partnership implements the consultant's expected profit maximum and maximizes the project's expected surplus. The liquidity-constrained professional is compensated by receiving a share of one half in the new venture. The consultant's and the innovator's shares reflect the relative value of search. However, the consultant's optimal search effort to find an appropriate production partner is inefficiently low .     

ABSENCE BEHAVIOUR AND ATTENDANCE MOTIVATION: A CONCEPTUAL SYNTHESIS

The paper proposes a new model and associated methodology for the analysis and prediction of employee absence. The first part of the paper briefly reviews theoretical writings on the topic and concludes that a radically different orientation is needed for any useful integration to be achieved from the fragmented insights to be found in these works. A first step toward the building of such an integrated theory is a consideration of what are the requirements for an adequate theory of absence. To discover this, the nature of absence is explored in a conceptual analysis, leading into a consideration of methodological and measurement problems. The‘A-B Continuum’is proposed as an answer to these problems, characterizing absence-inducing events in terms of their avoidability. It is suggested that the impact of these events varies from person to person, and that this variation is due to the mediating influence of attendance motivation. The construct of‘attachment’is introduced as a means of measuring attendance motivation, and its main constituents are specified. The final section of the paper attempts to show how the full model may be used to explain and predict individual differences in attendance behaviour.     

Strategies for Improving Codes of Ethics Implementation in Construction Organizations

It is necessary to reconsider the assumptions upon which the process of implementing compliance with ethical programs rests, in both theoretical and practical terms. These assumptions should hinge on organizational enablers that allow embeddedness of codes of ethics in the web of an organization's processes. This article sets out to describe an approach that will facilitate implementation of codes of ethics in construction organizations and a comprehensive literature survey approach is adopted to achieve this. The paper equally employs the application of the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) model as a tool to stimulate ethical behavior in an organization, with the focus on the enabler criterion of the model. The authors discuss organizational enablers in relation to the implementation of ethical codes. The study demonstrates how ethics can be managed in an organization by proposing a framework to enhance codes of ethics embeddedness in the web of an organization. The paper indicates current research gaps and future opportunities for both academics and practitioners.     

直流变频压缩机振动分析

本文介绍了压缩机的振动原理,阐述了变频压缩机与定频压缩机的振动区别,并结合直流变频压缩机匹配中出现的振动故障进行分析,提出了减缓振动的几种措施,并根据主要原因进行了振动测试,找到了有效降低低频振动的设计改善。     

Bait and ditch: Consumer naïveté and salesforce incentives

We analyze a model of price competition between a transparent retailer and a deceptive one in a market where a fraction of consumers is naïve. The transparent retailer is an independent shop managed by its owner. The deceptive retailer belongs to a chain and is operated by a manager. The two retailers sell an identical base product, but the deceptive one also offers an add‐on. Rational consumers never consider buying the add‐on while naïve ones can be “talked” into buying it. By offering the manager a contract that pushes him to never sell the base good without the add‐on, the chain can induce an equilibrium in which both retailers obtain more‐than‐competitive profits. The equilibrium features price dispersion and market segmentation, with the deceptive retailer targeting only naïve consumers whereas the transparent retailer serves only rational ones.     

Opmerkingen en berekeningen betreffende "Poisson-proces met interrupties" van J. C. A. Zaat

Summary
In an earlier paper by J.C. A. ZAAT an interrupted Poisson process was studied. Here we clarify some of the results there obtained. The process is obtained from a stationary Poisson process on the real axis by covering the axis with a sequence of adjoining intervals which have alternatively length a and b, the first left-hand endpoint of an a-interval to the right of 0 being chosen in a stochastic point with If has a rectangular distribution on [0, a + b] the interrupted Poisson process is stationary, but the distribution of the length of an interval between two successive points in the interrupted process is now different for different intervals. For each distribution ofy over [0, a + b] the distribution of the length of the interval between the nth and the (n + I)st point to the right ofO in the interrupted Poisson process tends to the distribution function G(y) as n tends to infinity. Somehow ZAAT based his calculations exclusively on this stationary distribution.     

An Empirical Model of Land Use Change in China

The aim of this paper is to develop an empirical model of land use change that integrates the growth of regional economy and land use change in a developing country such as China. The concept of ecological growth in terms of regional resources and population is introduced to make an empirical model of land use changes. It is shown that the model might be an efficient tool to analyze and predict regional land use change, and that the policies based on it can play an important role in land use change in China.     

Object detection based on visual memory: a feature learning and feature imagination process

ABSTRACT

Visual memory plays an important role for the human’s visual system to detect objects. The features of an object stored in the visual memory have much lower dimensions than the features contained within an image. We simulate the visual memory as a feature learning and feature imagination (FLFI) process to build an object detection algorithm. The method is constructed by a bottom-up feature learning and a top-down feature imagination. The proposed object detection method is tested using publicly available benchmark data sets, and the result indicates that it is fast and more robust.     

Experimenting with assessing corporate social responsibility in France: an exploratory note on an initiative by social economy firms

This paper provides an early report on an experiment undertaken by a group of managers of ‘social economy’ firms. The experiment comprises an attempt to articulate and then apply a practicable approach to assessing corporate social responsibility within a framework derived from the theory of logiques d'action. The intention of the report is to illustrate a novel approach to the perennial problem of social responsibility in organizations and, thereby, to illustrate very briefly some of the inevitable practical problems that arise in turning theoretical criteria into operational processes. The experiment referred to here is continuing.     

Subsidiary Strategy: The Embeddedness Component

This article develops the concept of internal subsidiary embeddedness as the canvas within which subsidiary strategy takes place. Developing an inductive model, we identify three hierarchical levels of embeddedness. The first level is operational embeddedness, which relates to interlocking day-to-day relations. The second level is capability embeddedness, which concerns the development of competitive capabilities for the multinational as a whole. The third level is strategic embeddedness, which concerns a subsidiary's participation in a multinational corporation's strategy setting. We derived our concept of embeddedness from an in-depth case study. Embeddedness is not merely an outcome of the institutional setting in which a subsidiary is situated, but is a resource a subsidiary can manage by means of manipulating dependencies or exerting influence over the allocation of critical resources. A subsidiary can modify its embeddedness to change its strategic restraints. Therefore, the development of subsidiary embeddedness becomes an integral part of subsidiary strategy.     

Disclosure risks for microdata

In this paper a model is developed for assesing disclosure risks of a microdata set. It is an extension of the one presented in Bethlehem et al. (1988). It is used to calculate (an upper bound of) the risk that an investigator is able to reidentify at least one individual in an anonimyzed data set, and hence discloses some sensitive information about him. This risk is shown to depend on, among other things, two variables which can be controlled by the statistical office which is disseminating such a data set: the 'coarseness' of the key variables and the size of the data set. The model yields guidelines as to the usage of these two instruments to control the disclosure risk.