共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Alessandro Rosiello Gil Avnimelech Morris Teubal 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2011,21(1):167-189
When compared to the U.S. and Israel, the weak venture capital (VC) markets and VC policy in Europe up to the early 2000s
stimulated two alternative streams of research. A majority view, which we term traditional, focuses on the role of VC in overcoming market failure in the financing of innovative ventures. The policy recommendations
emerging from this view involve a mix of monetary incentives and institutional changes that can be applied irrespective of
the local context. The second is an evolutionary perspective on VC and VC policy. This is based on a dynamic analysis of the
co-evolution between VC and high-tech entrepreneurship, as well as an adaptive view of policy and policymaking (Metcalfe,
Econ J 104(425):931–944, 1994). In this setting, policy-makers have to overcome not only market failure but also dynamic system failure associated with the linked emergence of entrepreneurial high-tech clusters. Overcoming traditional market failure becomes
a necessary but not sufficient pre-emergence condition for the eventual attainment of the latter policy objectives. This paper surveys the post-2000 literature on VC
and VC policy and criticizes some of its assumptions and results. Moreover, it examines the Israeli and UK/Scotland innovation
policy frameworks from an historical perspective, which allows us to highlight differences in approaches and impacts. The
upshot is that the success of VC policies depends on a number of factors, including the phase of emergence of a VC market
and high-tech cluster and the specific country/region institutional setting. 相似文献
2.
Robert F. GarnettJr. 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2011,24(1):71-76
Peter Boettke (2007) argues that economists need not act pluralistically in order for pluralism to thrive in the marketplace of economic ideas.
From a market process perspective, Boettke sees intellectual diversity and openness as catallactic outputs, not inputs—emergent
by-products of academic specialization and trade. To expect individual scholars to behave in a pluralistic manner is unnecessary
and “completely inappropriate” since it detracts from their central task: “to commit themselves to an approach and pursue
it doggedly, even in the face of great doubt and resistance by one’s peers” (Boettke 2007). This paper proposes a Smithian revision of Boettke’s position. The author argues that scholarly pluralism is best understood
as a constitutional rule of academic life—a virtue ethic that promotes learning and intellectual freedom by mitigating tyranny
and autarky in the republic of science. Drawing from the writings of Adam Smith, Friedrich Hayek, Deirdre McCloskey, Bruce
Caldwell, James Buchanan, Don Lavoie, and Boettke himself, the author argues that scholarly pluralism has been, and continues
to be, a necessary condition for the flourishing of Austrian economists as free, responsible, efficacious thinkers. 相似文献
3.
Jason Kuznicki 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2011,24(3):293-309
Friedrich Hayek??s Law, Legislation, and Liberty noted a problem in the common law system: Sometimes, following judicial precedent would lead to unforeseen bad outcomes over time. No judge can anticipate all possible implications of a precedent-setting decision, and sometimes later judges, bound by precedent, will be forced despite themselves to elaborate the law in ever more inefficient or unjust ways. Hayek proposed that one role of the legislator was to correct such ??dead ends?? in the common law. This paper proposes that judges working within the constraints of the common law and given only the tools Hayek himself allowed them are capable of escaping such binds on their own. It uses historical examples from the era of coverture to support this claim. Not only were judges willing to identify exceptions to coverture, these exceptions helped pave the way for coverture??s eventual abolition. This process is examined and found to be otherwise consonant with Hayek??s larger theory of the common law as a rule-finding process. 相似文献
4.
G. R. Steele 《Review of Political Economy》2013,25(4):571-586
Abstract The work of Friedrich Hayek describes an extensive political economy, with explicit consideration of the psychological limits to human understanding, the market as a mechanism of information gathering and social coordination, and the relationship between market processes and the free society, where moral and political issues are relevant within a framework of continuous adaptation. Although the survival characteristics of social institutions largely defy rational enquiry, political liberalism secures the diversity that is necessary for evolutionary social adaptation. 相似文献
5.
Bruce Caldwell 《Journal of Bioeconomics》2004,6(3):239-254
Though F.A. Hayek is principally known for his work in economics, he also made contributions, both positive and critical,
to the field of psychology. His most important piece in the latter field is his 1952 book, The Sensory Order. This paper attempts to locate The Sensory Order in relation to some of Hayek's other works. The origins of Hayek's interests in psychology, as revealed by an early student
paper that provided a starting point for his later book, is noted. We then examine what may have motivated Hayek some 25 years
later to return to psychology. Finally, the larger role that the book came to play in Hayek's overall system is explored.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
Kimya M. Kamshad 《Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics》1997,68(2):225-245
One of the most frequent criticisms of the Illyrian model of the labour-managed firm is that it does not take into account key institutional factors which are likely in practice to eliminate the perverse short-run supply and degeneration results well known in the literature. This paper presents a new model of the labour-managed firm, incorporating several of the most significant institutional factors actually in evidence in Western cooperative sectors. The free-entry producer cooperative model includes differing member and nonmember compensation methods, free access to membership, and special capital financing and shutdown rules. The new model's results differ from Ward's Illyrian firm model in a number of ways: first, capital is always variable for these firms, so the perverse short-run supply response does not apply; second, free-entry producer cooperatives do not degenerate into capitalist firms as Illyrian firms do; and third, such cooperatives will always have higher survival rates than both Illyrian and conventional firms. 相似文献
7.
关于农民专业合作社若干财务问题的思考 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
主要为缓解小农户生产和大市场之间的矛盾而产生的中国新型农民专业合作社,可能成为解决"三农"问题的一个重要支撑,这种合作社的存在和发展当前面临着紧迫的财务掣肘问题。从农民专业合作社的转轨背景、发展阶段、成员资源禀赋和利益分配设计等制度视角出发,对当前我国农民专业合作社在筹资、财会制度、利益分配和国家支持等方面存在的突出问题进行了总结和梳理,在解析这些问题的产生基础上,就渠道的拓展、财务制度体系的完善、分配机理的理顺和配套政策措施的出台等提出了相应的对策和建议。 相似文献
8.
Victor Isidro Luna 《Journal of economic issues》2020,54(1):198-213
Abstract:Based on Polanyi’s concepts of embeddedness, disembeddedness, and the double movement, the aim of this article is to show that the new development bank (NDB) established by Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (grouped as BRICS) lacks an institutional context to spur growth and development, similar to the growth that occurred during the Bretton Woods era. First, I examine some of the BRICS’s strengths, such as growth rates, share of world GDP (gross domestic product), and the level international reserves as a percent of the world total. Second, I outline the BRICS’s and other Third World countries’ need for financing. I maintain that the main flaw in the BRICS’s bank is that it follows market rationality in obtaining and granting resources, and that China (the most important member of the BRICS) is still dependent on the G7’s economies. Finally, I remark that as long as the NDB follows market fundamentals, it will be less likely to achieve growth. 相似文献
9.
农村资金互助社作为一种为入股社员服务的新型农村金融机构,真正体现了合作金融的精神。目前我国正规农村资金互助社数量少,大多数农村资金互助社以准正规和非正规金融的形式存在,发展中存在缺乏法律保护和规范、融资渠道不畅、监管过严与缺失并存等问题。根据农村资金互助社发展现状及存在的问题提出相应的对策建议。 相似文献
10.
Malte Müller Markus Hanisch Agustina Malvido Jens Rommel 《Applied economics letters》2018,25(8):576-579
Theoretical models and empirical evidence suggest that high market shares of cooperatives can force investor-oriented firms to pay higher producer prices within a region. In the same vein, cooperatives may force investor-oriented firms to reduce price volatility. We use panel data from 27 European Union member states over the period 2001–2015 to investigate how the market share of cooperatives in a country affects milk price volatility. Our key finding is that a higher market share of cooperatives reduces price volatility at the national level. Volatility is influenced by a number of other variables, such as fluctuation in raw milk production, oil price volatility spillover and the number of dairy processors. Policymakers should consider that the promotion of cooperatives might positively affect price stability in the dairy sector. 相似文献
11.
由于实力弱小、融资抵押物和担保匮乏,资金短缺已经成为制约农民专业合作社发展的瓶颈。供应链金融作为一种新型的融资方式,其应收账款、预付账款和存货融资模式对解决合作社的融资难题具有重要作用。但是,供应链融资在农村地区还缺乏实践和推广,实际运用也存在一些困难,需要通过提高对供应链金融的认识水平、促进农民专业合作社持续健康发展,大力发展农村物流业、建立多方合作的供应链金融体系和完善农村金融生态环境等措施促进供应链金融更好地为农民专业合作社服务。 相似文献
12.
J. Barkley Rosser Jr. 《Journal of economic behavior & organization》2012,81(1):122-128
Emergence is often argued to be a deep property of complex systems, with such systems exhibiting wholes that are in some way greater than the sum of their parts. These ideas have played an important part in discussions of spontaneous order within Austrian economics, particularly by Hayek drawing on arguments dating from Mill and Menger, although with other traditions such as that of Böhm-Bawerk not relying on such ideas. Philosophical discussions of these terms are considered that raise questions about the relationship between the emergent whole and the lower level parts that comprise it. A major issue is the role of these ideas and processes within evolution, with Hayek in particular moving strongly towards identifying their linkage, something advocated by many non-Austrian economists and non-economists as well. 相似文献
13.
Traditional and Non-Traditional Determinants of Accounting Rates in International Telecommunications
Simran K. Kahai Paramjit S. Kahai Adrian Leigh 《International Advances in Economic Research》2006,12(4):505-522
The accounting rate system currently in place is used to reimburse telephone companies around the world for terminating calls originating in foreign countries. Increased competition in more liberalized countries has led to imbalances between traffic originating in these countries and traffic coming in from less liberalized countries, leading to huge settlement payments being made to less liberalized countries. Some variation in accounting rates across countries can be explained by traditional factors such as the actual cost of terminating calls. Our results suggest that accounting rates are also significantly affected by non-traditional factors such as the extent of government regulation, the level of corruption, and the like. These findings support the need for consideration of these factors in reforming the accounting rate system currently in place.
相似文献
14.
Korbinian von Blanckenburg Alexander Geist 《International Advances in Economic Research》2009,15(4):421-436
There is a long history of analyzing the workability of markets regarding concentration ratios as indicators of workability.
In this paper, we discuss a comparatively new concept, the Coordination Failure Diagnostics (CFD) Concept, introduced by Grossekettler
(1982, 1999, 2005, 2008). The CFD-concept analyzes real market processes by means of time series analysis and investigates whether they operate efficiently
or not. Furthermore, the concept can be used as a tool for detecting cartels. Therefore, we develop a System of Cartel Markers
which can be used to analyze real markets. We analyze the German cement industry as an example of a cartel and find significant
differences to the competitive benchmark. 相似文献
15.
中国农民专业合作社发展中的金融支持 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
农民专业合作社是加快解决"三农"问题的新型组织,也是金融支持"三农"事业发展的有效平台.针对当前金融机构支持农民专业合作社发展的制约因素,应培育深层次、多样化发展的农民专业合作社,完善多层次农村金融体系,创造良好的政策环境,以更好地发挥金融对农民专业合作社的支持作用. 相似文献
16.
ABSTRACT: The performance of agrarian cooperatives strongly depends on the interaction between internal cohesion and external exchange. Empirical assessments of social capital and trust within cooperatives suggest that market involvement could enhance collective action. This relationship may not hold, however, under circumstances of heterogeneous membership and strong state control. We use field data from a comparative sample of 500 coffee farmers belonging to five cooperatives of Sidama Cooperative Union, Ethiopia to outline how differences in economic performance are related to the structure of social networks. We identify clear trade‐offs between bonding and bridging social capital that favour remotely located cooperatives. 相似文献
17.
The extant microeconomic literature on matching markets assumes ordinal preferences for matches, while bargaining within matches
is mostly excluded. Central for this paper, however, is bargaining over joint profits from potential matches. We investigate,
both theoretically and experimentally, a seemingly simple allocation task in a 2×2 market with repeated negotiations. When
inefficiency is possible, about 1/3 of the complete matches are inefficient and, overall, more than 3/4 of the experimental
allocations are unstable. These results strongly contradict existing bargaining theories requiring efficient matches. Even
with regard to efficient matches, the tested theories perform poorly. Standard bargaining and behavioral concepts, such as
Selten’s (1972) Equal Division Core, are outperformed by the simplistic ε-Equal Split, i.e., an equal split of the joint profit plus/minus ε. 相似文献
18.
Frederic B. JenningsJr. 《Forum for Social Economics》2010,39(1):77-87
The theory of planning horizons and their relation to pricing, conscience and learning has been explored in some detail in
terms of efficiency attributes and ecological health (Jennings 2003, Journal of Economic Issues 39:365-373, 2005, 2007a, b, 2008a). This paper addresses the equity implications of planning horizons in terms of the social role and importance of justice,
rights and capabilities in a free market economy. From my earlier work, cooperation—not competition—is seen as the means to
longer and broader horizons in an efficiency frame, mitigating any alleged tradeoff against equity issues. The impact of longer
horizons on fairness and justice in terms of intentions and outcomes along with rights and capabilities still remains unexplored.
This paper reviews the normative aspects of planning horizons, showing how ethical and ecological conscience spreads with
horizon effects, strengthening goals of fairness and the internalization of social effects. In this setting, capabilities
and empowerment are enhanced by respect for human rights, as social conscience spreads through interhorizonal complementarities.
The features of a long-horizon world differ from myopic contexts, specifically in the relation of efficiency to other goals.
This paper examines that difference in terms of its equity aspects, with regard to social justice and the role of rights and
capabilities in economic cultures. 相似文献
19.
转型时期农民专业合作社的成长机制研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
作为"弱者"的小农通过联合来维护其自身利益是农民专业合作社发展的初衷,然而,实践中绝大多数农民专业合作社的形成和发展主要依赖于生产和运销大户、农村基层组织、供销合作社和龙头企业等少数处于相对"强势"地位的非小农群体,这是转型时期农民专业合作社在成长过程中面临的一个现实"悖论".借鉴博弈论的分析方法,对农民专业合作社的形成过程进行系统分析,以揭示其成长的内在机理. 相似文献
20.
Alan Thomas 《Technology Analysis & Strategic Management》2013,25(3):307-320
This paper considers the relationship between cooperatives i n the ‘new wave’ and the technology they use. Data and examples from the UK are presented to show that there is no general support either for the ‘optimistic’ hypothesis that cooperatives are necessarily able to make humanizing choices about technology or for the ‘pessimistic’ hypothesis that they are completely constrained by technology. A framework is developed for analysing the factors which may or may not allow technological choices. The paper goes on to form a new hypothesis in two parts: firstly, that small firms i n general have more freedom to make choices about technology the more they have independence from large firms and the market, and the more they are i n areas of product innovation, particularly IT-based innovation; secondly, given a degree of freedom to make such choices, the choice is more likely to be made successfully in the direction of humanizing uses of technology the more there is potential for identif;cation between job, product and social or political aims. The paper concludes by describing a research project now under way exploring the relative importance of these factors in established UK worker cooperatives. 相似文献