价格规制与企业资本结构的选择——来自我国上市公司的经验证据

受规制企业的资本结构与政府价格规制密切相关。本文建立了一个两阶段动态博弈模型并提出了相关的理论假设,以检验受规制企业资本结构决策与政府价格规制强度之间的关系。理论分析表明,资本结构选择作为企业的战略工具,能提高企业的谈判地位,迫使规制机构提高产品价格。因而企业面临的价格规制越严厉,越有动力提高负债水平。本文利用沪、深两地的受规制上市公司为样本进行的实证研究有效地支持了本文上述的假设。     

农业类上市公司资本结构的核心决定因素——基于随机效应模型的一个实证研究

文章采用1995～2005年上交所与深交所全部A股农业类上市公司的125个样本,提高了实证结果的可靠性,同时,在类似研究中首次采用面板数据的分析方法,并检验确定固定效应模型和随机效应模型在此研究中的适用性问题.根据随机效应模型的实证结果发现,影响农业类上市公司资本结构的核心决定因素为:企业规模LOGA(+)、盈利能力PROF(-)和税收水平TAXR(+).其中,除盈利能力支持融资优序理论的预期外,企业规模和税收水平支持权衡理论的预期:成长性GROW对农业类上市公司的资本结构并没有表现出核心的解释作用,并且税收水平受因变量选取因素的影响比较大.     

Foreign bank lending: Evidence from the global financial crisis

We exploit highly disaggregated bank-firm data to investigate the dynamics of foreign vs domestic credit supply in Italy around the period of the Lehman collapse, which brought a sudden and unexpected deterioration of economic conditions and a sharp increase in credit risk. Taking advantage of the presence of multiple lending relationships to control for credit demand and risk at the individual-firm level, we show that foreign lenders restricted credit supply (to the same firm) more sharply than their domestic counterparts. A number of exercises testing alternative explanations for this result suggest that such more intense restriction also reflects the (functional) distance between a foreign bank's headquarter and the Italian credit market.     

Measuring households' financial vulnerabilities from consumer debt: Evidence from Chile

This paper is concerned with measuring the financial vulnerability (FV) of households arising from consumer debt. Our case of application is Chile. Our main finding is that by applying a methodology that allows for households' heterogeneities and that accounts for contextual factors (like motives for asking for debt, exposure to shocks, family structure, holdings of assets and perspectives of future income), we better quantify the risks that financially vulnerable households may entail to the financial system.     

Corporate Social Performance in China: Evidence from Large Companies

Based on a contest analysis of the official websites of top 100 companies in China in 2007, the paper reports the social performance of large Chinese companies. We try to focus on and answer the following three questions about CSP of large companies in China: (1) how is their overall social performance?; (2) what are the social issues they addressed?; and (3) what are the stakeholders they addressed? The results are also compared among different ownership companies and among different industrial companies. The findings indicate that CSR/CSP in China is still in the beginning stage, and?CSR/CSP is different among different industrial companies.

     

Determinants of connectedness in financial institutions: Evidence from Taiwan

This study estimates the interconnectedness among financial holding companies (FHCs) in Taiwan to identify its determinants. Using the Diebold and Yilmaz's (2012) measure, we find that larger directional connectedness stems from state-owned FHCs, indicating their dominant role in transmitting systemic risk. In addition, we find that bank performance and monetary policy both play an important role in financial connectedness. Finally, we show that syndicated loans may affect interconnectedness because the arranger bank transmits systemic risk to other participating banks.     

Corporate financial policies and the exchange rate regime: Evidence from Brazil

This paper analyzes the relationship between companies' financial policies and the exchange rate regime for a sample of non-financial Brazilian companies from 1996 to 2006. The adoption of a floating exchange rate regime is shown to improve the match between the currency composition of companies' assets and liabilities. The paper also shows that this reduction in companies' currency mismatches is more pronounced for companies in the highest quantile of foreign exposure; therefore the results confirm that the exchange rate regime plays an important role in the determination of companies' foreign vulnerability.     

The anatomy of financial crises: Evidence from the emerging ADR market

We study the anatomy of recent financial crises in Mexico, East Asia, Russia, Brazil, Turkey, and Argentina by investigating the efficiency and pricing of the emerging American depositary receipt (ADR) market. We use a non-parametric technique to test for persistent regime shifts in two basic structural relationships for ADR returns in 20 emerging countries — identified via arbitrage and capital mobility considerations — that should always hold in efficient and integrated capital markets. We find that those “normal” market conditions were instead often violated in proximity of financial crises: The law of one price often weakened (by 54% on average) and domestic sources of risk became more important (often by more than 100%) for many emerging ADRs. We also find the likelihood of these regime shifts to be related to proxies for uncertainty among investors, exchange rate volatility, trade linkages, and liquidity (but not stock market trends, currency devaluations, capital flight, or capital controls).     

The anatomy of financial crises: Evidence from the emerging ADR market

We study the anatomy of recent financial crises in Mexico, East Asia, Russia, Brazil, Turkey, and Argentina by investigating the efficiency and pricing of the emerging American depositary receipt (ADR) market. We use a non-parametric technique to test for persistent regime shifts in two basic structural relationships for ADR returns in 20 emerging countries — identified via arbitrage and capital mobility considerations — that should always hold in efficient and integrated capital markets. We find that those “normal” market conditions were instead often violated in proximity of financial crises: The law of one price often weakened (by 54% on average) and domestic sources of risk became more important (often by more than 100%) for many emerging ADRs. We also find the likelihood of these regime shifts to be related to proxies for uncertainty among investors, exchange rate volatility, trade linkages, and liquidity (but not stock market trends, currency devaluations, capital flight, or capital controls).     

Corporate Social Reporting Practice: Evidence from Listed Companies in Bangladesh

This article presents an empirical investigation into the corporate social reporting practices of listed companies from Bangladesh, where corporate social reporting is a matter of voluntary disclosure. Analysis of annual reports published in 2007 reveals that only 15.45% of listed companies made such disclosures. This article presents an extensive survey of the contents, form, nature, and extent of corporate social reporting practices of listed companies. Analysis over a wide range of industries reveals that companies in the banking sector secure the highest rank in terms of corporate social reporting; three fourths of all disclosures are generalized qualitative statements without any attempt at attestation; more than one half of the disclosures are located in the director's report; and the mean amount of disclosures was less than half a page.     

Business Risk,Industry Affiliation,and Corporate Capital Structure: Evidence From Publicly Listed Nigerian Companies

This study demonstrates the extent to which changes in business risk help predict the capital structure choices of Nigerian listed companies. The findings support a U-shaped function with leverage ratio decreasing with earnings volatility, but only up to a cut-off point of 32% per annum. The results are consistent with agency cost models, which predict an escalation in the conflicts between shareholders and firm managers beyond a certain level of volatility with a subsequent increase in the equity risk premium. The expected rise in the cost of equity capital gives debt priority and helps avoid potential underinvestment.     

Unintended investor sentiment on bank financial products: Evidence from China

Investor sentiment on bank financial products (BFPs) is commonly overlooked. However, given the implementation of regulatory policies and the development of Internet financial market, investor sentiment on BFPs has become increasingly important in China since 2013. This paper constructs investor sentiment on BFPs, based on six proxies that reflect market liquidity, transaction status, market activity, and industry development. We contribute to the literature by finding the comovement of the investor sentiment on BFPs and the returns, and by demonstrating the spillover effects from bank financial markets to related markets from the perspective of the investor sentiment on BFPs.     

Emerging economies and the global financial crisis: Evidence from China and India

The global financial crisis (GFC) spread from the US and the EU economies to the developing world. In this article, we seek to gain a better understanding of clear contexts, attendant mechanisms, and processes associated with the GFC in China and India. We identify and synthesize the available evidence on the size of the external shock, the cushioning effects, and responses associated with the GFC to propose a framework that enables us to analyze more deeply the antecedents and consequences of the GFC in these two economies. Because of differences in their economic, social, and political backgrounds, China and India have exhibited noteworthy differences in the impacts and responses to the GFC. The findings indicated that trade and investment linkages with the outside world and the degree of personal globalization affected the size of the external shock associated with the GFC. In China's case, a sound macroeconomic policy framework and the state's control on the economy provided a cushion effect, which acted as a buffer to protect the economy against the external shock. China's and India's responses to the GFC included a shift from export‐driven to domestic demand‐led growth and diversion and shift of economic links away from economies associated with the GFC. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

社会资本对公司债务期限结构的影响--来自中国上市公司的经验证据

本文首先从社会信任、社会组织、社会参与、社会慈善四个维度度量中国各地区社会资本的发展水平,运用因子分析法构建社会资本的综合分数。在此基础上,选取2010－2013年可持续获得相关信息的468家上市公司组成的平衡面板数据为样本,运用固定效应模型和非参数检验方法实证检验社会资本与公司债务期限结构之间的关系。研究发现：社会资本和债务期限结构具有显著的正相关关系,即上市公司所属地区社会资本的发展水平越高,公司债务期限结构越长。     

Disappearing and Reappearing Dividends in Emerging Markets: Evidence from Indian Companies

This article examines the empirical determinants of dividend payout policy for 947 sample firms listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) in India from 1995 to 2013. The author identifies three distinct trends in the propensity to pay dividends between 1995 and 2013. The regression analysis suggests that most of the decline is due to the dividend payout policies of smaller, less profitable, younger firms and firms with comparatively more investment opportunities, high financial leverage, high business risk, and high dividend distribution tax. The author finds significant positive impact of catering incentives on the propensity to pay dividends, thus supporting catering theory of dividends.     

Productivity Growth in the European Insurance Industry: Evidence from Life and Non-Life Companies

This paper estimates and decomposes productivity growth for a sample of European insurance companies using Standard and Poor’s Eurothesys panel data set of company accounts. We focus on a period (1995–2008) where substantial deregulation took place, as well as significant shocks to global capital markets and unforeseen climatic and terrorism-related events. We estimate parametric stochastic production frontiers for life and non-life insurance from which we decompose productivity growth using a derivative-based approach. In order to capture the inherent variability of productivity in the insurance sector, we explore the consequences of adopting three different proxy measures for insurance output. In each case, we observe temporal variations in overall productivity growth for both life and non-life insurance, corresponding to systematic shocks to the market. The decomposition of these fluctuations provides important lessons for the measurement of long-term productivity growth in insurance markets and more generally in sectors which are exposed to stochastic and market-wide systematic shocks to performance. Our findings cast doubt on many previous studies of productivity growth in the financial service sector where outputs are inevitably difficult to measure due to their contingent nature. The choice of output proxies appears to be critical, particularly when exploring long-term productivity trends.     

临时CEO与企业并购——基于我国上市公司的经验证据

选取2010-2015年我国资本市场非金融类上市公司为样本,实证分析临时CEO对上市公司并购频率和并购效率的影响.研究发现:相比正式CEO,临时CEO倾向于实施更少的并购交易,但并购效率更高;与本地并购相比,临时CEO倾向于进行更少的异地并购,且异地并购的效率更低.进一步研究表明:在上市公司领取薪酬的临时CEO和企业内部委任的临时CEO更倾向于降低并购活动的频率,但并购效率更高;当并购双方不全为国有企业时,临时CEO实施的并购活动更少,但并购效率更高.     

人力资本与服务贸易差额:来自跨国面板数据的证据

本文首先分析了人力资本对服务贸易差额的影响机制与作用途径,然后利用51个国家1990-2012年的跨国面板数据考察了人力资本对服务贸易差额的影响,研究结果表明:在控制了模型的内生性和动态性后,对于所有国家和发达国家样本而言,不论以何种指标作为人力资本的代理变量,人力资本均对服务贸易差额具有显著的正向影响。对于发展中国家而言,由于其人力资本水平和人力资本质量与发达国家存在较大的差距,其平均受教育年限和加权的高等教育入学率并未对服务贸易差额产生显著的正向影响,但健康人力资本的增加能够显著改善其服务贸易差额。分类型的研究还发现,教育人力资本对生产性服务贸易差额的促进作用要更强,而健康人力资本对消费性服务贸易差额的影响要更大。本文的研究结论为我国扭转服务贸易逆差,优化服务贸易结构提供了可能的路径。     

Derivatives do affect mutual fund returns: Evidence from the financial crisis of 1998

Using a unique data set of detailed balance sheet information on mutual funds, we find that most mutual funds using derivatives do so to a very limited extent that has little discernable impact on returns. However, there exist two types of funds that make more extensive use of derivatives, global funds and specialized domestic equity funds. The risk and return characteristics of these two groups of funds are significantly different from funds employing derivatives sparingly or not at all. Fund managers time their use of derivatives in response to past returns. Evidence during the financial crisis of August 1998 supports the hypothesis that the effects of derivative use are most pronounced during the periods of extreme movement. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 31:629–658, 2011     

Capital Structure and Mergers: Retrospective Evidence from a Natural Experiment

This analysis evaluates the impact of corporate debt in influencing mergers of local exchange companies in the United States telecommunications industry between 1988 and 2001. Firms’ financial structures significantly affect behavior and performance; yet no evidence has shown how firms’ financial structures influence their merger activities. The impact of corporate debt levels on the various mergers that took place during the merger wave in the sector is significantly negative for the first set of mergers carried out, and significantly negative, but with smaller impact, for the second set of mergers. The results support the idea that firms with high debt levels can be monitored carefully, precluding engagement in potentially-risky mergers so as to not engender negative financial outcomes.