完善二氧化氯与臭氧在水处理中的化验分析

大庆油田化工集团组建于2003年12月25日,2004年6月工商注册为大太油田化工有限公司,下辖甲醇分公司,醋酸分公司,轻烃分馏分公司等生产单位,醋酸产品大部分销往大庆油田外部市场,近些年,公司领导重视生产管理,重视产品质量,对化验环节要求严格,从采点、采样、化验要求精细,为生产出如产品把好质量关,该文就此进行论述.     

浅析甲醛检测的常用方法及其影响因素

大庆油田化工集团以天然气化工,轻烃精深加工和表面活性剂生产为主要业务,共拥有主要生产装置9套,分别是2套10万吨/年甲醇装置,5万吨/年合成氨装置及20万吨/年醋酸装置,生产大约36种产品均远销大庆外部市场,醋酸分公司重视化验工作,多年来,为生产合格产品做出了贡献,本文就此进行论述.     

浅析绿色分析在化工化验室中的作用

大庆油田化工集团醋酸分公司位于默经江省大庆市让胡路区宏伟工业园区,多年来,发扬大庆精神、铁人精神、精心组织生产,为百年油田做出了贡献,公司除了重视日常安全生产外,加强生产管理,对化验工作极为重视,配备精密化验仪器,组织技术人员精心管理,为公司安稳长满优生产做出了贡献,本文就此进行论述.     

浅析绿色分析在化工化验室中的作用

大庆油田化工集团醋酸分公司位于默经江省大庆市让胡路区宏伟工业园区,多年来,发扬大庆精神、铁人精神、精心组织生产,为百年油田做出了贡献,公司除了重视日常安全生产外,加强生产管理,对化验工作极为重视,配备精密化验仪器,组织技术人员精心管理,为公司安稳长满优生产做出了贡献,本文就此进行论述.     

浅析异丙醇的生产技术

大庆油田化工集团组建以为,充分依托油田的油气资源,加快机构整合和资源共享,面对高温高压.易燃易爆的安全风险,不断克服困难,谋求发展.为百年油田建设再立新功,醋酸分公司认真落实"安稳长满优"生产要求,精心组织生产,对产品化验,抽样、检样、各种收据做精密安排和工作.本文就此进行论述.     

加强经济责任管理工作为油田企业服务

大庆油田公共汽车公司起源于油田会战初期的1961年,于1981年5月正式成立,主要担负油田职工通勤和城市公共交通运营.公司下设4个运营分公司,18个生产保障及相关产业分公司.公司先后荣获"全国公交系统优质服务大赛优胜单位"、"全国职工职业道德建设十佳单位"、"全国城市公共交通文明企业"和"全国建设系统企业文化建设先进单位"等荣誉称号.本文就经济责任中的问题进行探讨.     

试论大庆油田初级中学学生培养方向

随着大庆油田人综合素质的提升以及大庆油田二次创业对人才要求的提高,大庆油田越来越重视教育,初级中学在校生数量也有了大幅度的增长。为了加强大庆油田中学生的教育,大庆油田教育中心就必须加强对初级中学人力资源的管理,确定学生的培养方向。本文拟从四个方面进行论述。     

浅析电气自动化设备的可行性检测方法

大庆石化公司是中国石油天然气股份有限公司的地区分公司.是以大庆油田原油,轻烃,天然气为主要原料,从事炼油、乙烯、塑料、橡胶、化工延伸加工等,并承担工程技术服务、生产技术服务、机械加工制造、矿区服务等职能的特大型石油化工联合企业.     

浅析电气自动化设备的可行性检测方法

大庆石化公司是中国石油天然气股份有限公司的地区分公司.是以大庆油田原油,轻烃,天然气为主要原料,从事炼油、乙烯、塑料、橡胶、化工延伸加工等,并承担工程技术服务、生产技术服务、机械加工制造、矿区服务等职能的特大型石油化工联合企业.     

醋酸下游产品需求高涨行业方向有3坐标

由于多种因素的共同作用，现已形成了中国醋酸供犬于求局面。2010年上半年，中国醋酸生产企业基本保本生产，已经有几家20万t／a规模的企业停产。醋酸下游产品的开发及下游产业链的延伸，成为中国醋酸企业十分关注并迫切解决的问题。     

春节废弃物物流存在的问题及对策

广州市民、企业在过春节时,为了求得吉利和美化生活环境,总要购买大量的花卉、盆橘等摆放。春节过后,大量的枯花烂橘被弃置,不仅给环境带来危害,而且造成人力物力的浪费,本文以废弃物流相关理论作指导,提出解决问题的对策建议。     

降低企业物流成本的方法研究

研究企业物流成本的目的在于降低成本,提高企业的利润。本文从全局的角度介绍了物流运作现状,明确目前物流成本高的瓶颈问题以及降低物流成本突破口,最后提出降低物流成本的方法。     

生产企业物流成本管理存在的问题及对策

随着物流成本的节约给企业带来巨大效益的同时,更加需要加强物流成本的管理水平。通过对物流成本及物流成本管理现状的分析,提出了物流成本管理中存在的问题。针对以上存在的问题,依据国家最新制定的标准,优化物流流程,构筑现代物流信息系统,避免隐性成本中的不可控因素,建立一套合理的物流成本核算体系,可以降低物流成本,加强物流成本管理的水平。     

政府在老年产业发展中的作用研究

当老年产业受制于市场的不成熟、不完善而无法顺利形成良性互动式发展趋势时,由政府介入解开市场与企业间的“死结”就成为一种必然的要求。政府应针对不同性质的领域采取不同的对策。对老年产业竞争性领域的政府对策和非竞争性领域的政府对策问题作了分类研究,并着重对老年产业竞争性领域提出了发展思路和可以采取的具体对策措施。     

供应链中的逆向物流管理

随着市场的发展,越来越多的企业将不得不面临逆向物流问题。企业对逆向物流的处理能力将会变得越来越重要。对于逆向物流问题,企业应当从战略的角度积极寻找解决逆向物流问题的方案;培养自己对处理逆向物流的能力。     

Splitting the firm between the entrepreneur and the venture capitalist with the help of stock options

The Net Present Value (NPV) Rule provides the basic principle underlying the sharing of ownership in a new venture. The principle often fails because the entrepreneur and the venture capitalist cannot agree on the potential profitability value of the venture.First, the venture capitalist may simply have a less optimistic interpretation of the data related to the venture's profit potential. We refer to this discrepancy between the expectation of the entrepreneur and that of the venture capitalist as the expectation gap.Second, the venture capitalist knows that for the venture's potential to be realized, the entrepreneur/manager must devote his full effort to the success of the organization. This is not a problem if the entrepreneur owns the entire project. Once the ownership is shared, however, especially when the venture capitalists own the majority of the shares, the entrepreneur has a financial incentive to apply less than the diligence required to control costs and protect the interests of the outside equity holders. This financial incentive arises because any perk, including leisure or shirking, consumed by the entrepreneur does not have to be shared with the venture capitalist, while every dollar saved does. This is not solved by the venture capitalist acquiring a larger percentage of the company. That will only exacerbate the problem as it decreases the cost to the entrepreneur of each dollar of the company's funds spent for the perk. We refer to this as the motivation problem.In the article, we show how stock options can be used to deal effectively with both problems. First, stock options are always worth more to the optimist than to the pessimist. Thus, there will be a reverse valuation gap with respect to the stock options. We show that by issuing stock options to the entrepreneur, it is possible to close the expectation gap.To solve the motivation problem, the entrepreneur's stake must be increased to the extent where the cost to him of excessive consumption of perks will be as high as the benefit he derives. This can be accomplished by taking advantage of two valuation characteristics of stock options. First, stock options are worth only a fraction of the value of the underlying equity shares. Thus, it is easier for the venture capitalist to give up these, rather than the underlying equity shares. Second, the stock options will fluctuate with the venturing firm's value at a higher rate than the entrepreneur's percentage ownership. Thus, by issuing the entrepreneur a combination of equity shares and stock options, it is possible to increase significantly the entrepreneur's cost of “shirking” or “excessive consumption of perks.” Under idealized conditions, it is possible to design a financing arrangement that eliminates the motivation problem.The principles discussed here provide benchmarks that both the entrepreneur and the venture capitalist may wish to bring to the negotiating table. In the end, there is no substitute for the building of trust between the two to give the venture the maximum chance of success.     

Implications of the introduction of the Euro for the Mediterranean countries

The Mediterranean peripheral countries cannot afford to be passive viewers of the fundamental changes that are taking place in Europe after the introduction of the Euro. The new developments pose formidable challenges and opportunities. It will be argued that no single group of developing countries will be more affected by these changes than the Mediterranean countries given their geographical proximity to the region and their long historical record of extensive and large economic interactions (trade, finance, and migration). This article examines the implications of the introduction of the single currency in Europe on Mediterranean central bank reserves and foreign external liabilities, trade and capital flow, and exchange rate policies. It is shown that since most Mediterranean trade is with the EU, Mediterranean central banks will be necessitated to hold major portions of their foreign exchange reserves in Euros. Also, a Mediterranean currency peg to the Euro, or to a basket of currencies where the Euro is allocated, will be important in reducing financial and trade transaction costs. It will also be hypothesized that Mediterranean foreign debts will eventually have to be converted to Euros. Finally, parallels between this region and the U.S–Caribbean region will be drawn to reinforce the argument that trade and capital dependence will eventually lead to a pegging of the Mediterranean currencies to the Euro. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Credit cards in the United Kingdom—where the power lies in the battle between the banks and the retailers

This paper looks at the development of the two types of credit card systems in the UK, the bank credit cards and the retailer credit cards. The article seeks to address the issue of who will hold the balance of power at the introduction of an EFTPOS, or direct‐debit, system into the UK. The situation in 1988 appears to be that retailers are well up the “learning curve” as regards the management and marketing of credit and so are increasingly proving to be a threat to the banks not only in the provision of credit but also in offering a wide range of financial services.     

Economic Effects of the Syrian War and the Spread of the Islamic State on the Levant

This paper uses a global computable general equilibrium framework with new detail on six Levant countries – the Arab Republic of Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, the Syrian Arab Republic and Turkey – to quantify the direct and indirect economic effects of the Syrian war and the advance of the Islamic State on the Levant. Syria and Iraq bear the brunt of the direct economic costs, while the other Levant countries lose in per capita but not in aggregate terms as the inflows of refugees increase the size of their populations. The war has undermined progress towards deeper regional trade integration, thus adding to varying degrees to the direct costs sustained by the Levant economies and, in the cases of Syria and Iraq, doubling their welfare losses. All Levant countries are foregoing opportunities to expand intra‐Levant trade and the associated gains in economic efficiency. The average welfare effects are not indicative of the distributional effects of war within countries.     

《经修正的京都公约》的修正机制及公约未来走向分析——《经修正的京都公约》全面审议中的条约法问题研究之一

当前WCO对《经修正的京都公约》全面审议工作是国际海关制度领域二十年一遇之事,我国有必要充分认识公约及其全面审议的重要性,以谋长远。《经修正的京都公约》实际上是一个公约群,其中主约是整个公约存在与运行的基础,也决定了公约修改的难易程度。正确认识公约主约及《修正京都公约的议定书》的重要性,正确认识公约管委会职能范围及其与WCO的关系,是我国把握公约全面审议的合法性及其进程的关键。《经修订的京都公约》主约规定了公约修正采用“分类提案、分类修正、分类表决、分类接受”的机制。对比1973年《京都公约》和1999年《经修正的京都公约》的发展更替过程,可发现《经修正的京都公约》是新条约,而非原1973年《京都公约》的延续。因此,当前在现行公约框架下,虽然全面审议工作完全实现目标的可能性不大,公约修正案难以完全生效。但谈判各方可以在现行公约框架下修正公约,以另一新公约替代1999年《经修正的京都公约》,或者将工作报告文本的内容转化为WCO软法性工具或文件。但无论如何,全面审议工作的成果,即使是局部成果,仍然将影响此后20年全球海关法律制度的发展路径与具体内容。