Fenjiashu: Economic development in the Chinese countryside based on household division inventories,ca. 1750–1910

Despite the existence of a rich literature on Chinese partial household division, there is still limited evidence of its effect on land and capital accumulation and well-being. In this study, contrary to the dominant view, we find that household property size peaked around 1800s–1830s, suggesting that equal-share system did not necessarily lead to land fragmentation. We find evidence that this rise in farm sizes is related to the opposing forces of increased well-being and increased inequality.     

论清代前期对缅贸易政策及管理

清代前期,在“边境安稳、和平友善”的对缅政策的指导下,清政府采取的是“宽松、自由、以民为本”的对缅贸易政策.强化对滇缅贸易的管理,设置专门机构、规定具体的管理措施,促进了滇缅贸易的进一步繁荣.     

我国国民收入分配失衡及对策

近十几年来,我国居民收入在国民收入中的比重持续下降,而企业收入比重和政府收入比重逐步上升。国民收入分配失衡加剧投资与消费不平衡和国际收支失衡,阻碍了经济增长方式转变。本文提出了调整国民收入分配格局,促进国民经济持续健康发展的对策。     

释放农村消费需求问题探析

世界性金融风暴对我国出口造成很大影响,投资扩张又产生许多副作用。在此背景下,研究消费需求,尤其是释放农村消费需求对拉动我国国民经济持续、稳定和健康发展有着非常重要的意义。     

当前我国收入分配领域存在的突出问题与对策

当前我国收入分配领域存在居民收入和劳动报酬两个比重偏低,垄断行业收入畸高名不副实,社会转移分配平衡收入差距作用不足,群体间收入差距呈现全范围多层次的扩大趋势等突出问题,解决这些问题需要用发展和改革的眼光、思路和办法促进经济健康发展,坚持以人为本的分配理念努力提高普通劳动者收入,完善社会主义市场经济体制创造平等致富的环境,紧紧抓住社会转移分配的灵魂"公平",全方位缩小收入差距,使劳动者通过第三次分配获得捐赠性收入,通过第四次分配获得财产性收入。     

A View of the Occupational Structure in Imperial and Republican China (1640–1952)

Despite being considered a prime indicator of economic change, the occupational structure does not figure prominently in the debate regarding the economic development of early modern China. One reason is the virtual absence of occupational data before the start of the twentieth century. In this paper, we make a first attempt to sketch the occupational structure between ca. 1640 and 1952 using a variety of unique and rather fragmented occupational sources. We find that the share of persons working in agriculture remained stable until the mid-nineteenth century, with the share in industry showing some growth thereafter.     

Open economy measures of wealth and Hicksian national income

This paper argues that a total approach to macroeconomic stock estimation is necessary when assessing the overall significance of a nation's foreign debt level. In an increasingly integrated global economy, changes in national wealth—the difference between the value of internationally tradable assets and external liabilities—not only help gauge creditworthiness, but may be used to complement the traditional flow measures of gross national product and national income. Moreover, following Hicks (1946), changes in open economy measures of wealth yield a new measure of national income. Prototypical estimates of wealth and Hicksian income are presented for Australia by way of example.     

中国农村居民收入增长与波动的福利分析——基于异质居民户的数值模拟

文章在Lucas(1987)模型中引入习惯形成,并将其拓展成含收入变量的形式,在此基础上采用中国农村五等份收入户的收入数据进行数值模拟。结果显示:收入增长比收入平稳更为重要。当风险偏好不变时,两类福利成本的比值随习惯强度变化的轨迹呈倒U型;习惯形成不变时,两类福利成本的比值随着相对风险规避系数的增大而递减。在不考虑收入波动的福利成本时,促进收入增长能为低收入户带来相对较多的经济福利;不考虑收入增长的福利效应时,收入波动加剧会给低收入户带来相对较多的福利成本。因此,当务之急是增加农民收入,同时也应该兼顾收入波动给低收入群体造成的消极影响。     

政府政策对农民收入的影响分析

新阶段农业和农村问题的核心归结为农民收入的增长问题.政策是农民增收的灵魂,政策为农民增收提供制度上的保证.文章就是分析了政策为什么能影响农民增收,探讨政策如何影响农民增收问题,然后得出一些建设性结论.     

Decomposing Income Inequality and Policy Implications in Rural China

Using village data from samples covering 6 provinces,36 counties and 216 townships,the income inequalities within and between townships in rural China are assessed. The Theil index and the mean logarithmic deviation methods enable us to test income inequality at the township level,and to decompose it into intra-regional and inter-regional at county and provincial levels. In the present paper,we also decompose income inequalities between and within the nationally designated poor counties (NDPC). The results show that approximately two-thirds of the income inequality in rural China would be eliminated if measures and policies were targeted at the county level. This study also confirms the rationale that China's poverty alleviation strategy of focusing on poor counties based on the inequalities between NDPC and non-NDPC accounts for the most inter-province inequality.     

资源区位、技术工具与区域社会——明清以降中国西北地区的水力加工业

明清以降,中国西北地区的水力加工业发展至极盛,水磨是其最主要的技术形态,规模一度达到数以千乃至万计,技术体系完备。水力磨坊的经营群体构成复杂,既涉经国大事,亦是重要地方生业,除了加工粮食外,还可用来榨油、制香、造纸、酿酒等,对于满足地方生计和繁荣区域市场发挥了重要作用。水力磨坊是西北官方课税的重要对象,而磨课既指磨坊经营者提供加工服务时收取的加工费用,也指经营者向官方交纳的税额。     

An alternative benchmark for the validity of China’s GDP growth statistics

The veracity of China’s official statistics on GDP growth rates is a matter of debate in both the popular media and academic literature. Given the level of institutional development, its size, complexity and fast pace of change as an emerging economy, there are good reasons to expect that producing reliable and consistent estimates for GDP is difficult. An alternative benchmark would therefore be useful. We propose a benchmark index for the nominal GDP growth constructed bottom-up from publically available and audited total Revenue numbers of 150 major Chinese listed companies covering 19 industry sectors. This benchmark index closely tracks the official statistics, but with some interesting deviations. Validation by using Gross Margin numbers for our Chinese sample and US data produced similar results. The methodology also allowed us to produce estimates of growth at the industry level, which highlights some important changes underway in the structure growth patterns of the Chinese economy.     

劳动者收入与扩大消费需求——基于经济增长模式转型背景

在经济增长模式转型背景下研究我国劳动者收入问题对于扩大消费需求具有十分重要的影响:当前我国劳动者持久性收入过低以及持久性收入的不稳定性、预防性特征抑制了居民消费需求的增长;劳动者暂时性收入的不确定性特征降低了居民的消费需求。如果能够通过大幅增加劳动者的持久性收入,就可以使劳动者形成对未来收入的稳定性预期,这对扩大国内消费需求和经济增长模式的转型具有非常重要的作用。因此,为提高劳动者收入和扩大居民的消费需求,本文提出以下对策建议:建立工资正常增长机制和支付保障机制;调整国民收入分配结构;建立完善的社会保障制度;深化金融体制改革,创新金融工具。     

苏南、苏北收入差距与经济增长关系比较研究

基于江苏省1978～2009年经济增长率与收入差距面板数据,探讨了在不同经济发展水平下的收入差距与经济增长关系是否存在一致性问题。对江苏省收入差距与经济增长率数据经平滑处理后,运用江苏省、苏北、苏南通过面板协整分析,结果表明苏北地区的经济增长率与收入差距存在正相关的双向Granger因果关系,但是苏南地区的经济增长率与收入差距存在负相关的单向Granger因果关系。     

自然资源是“祝福”还是“诅咒”?——基于资源丰裕度与收入水平关系的分析

传统文献基于资源丰裕和经济增长率的负相关关系得出"资源诅咒"结论。文章质疑这一假说,通过构建一个包含可耗竭资源的两部门模型,发现负向的资源收入增长效应与正向的收入水平效应是可以同时存在的,资源是"诅咒"或是"祝福"只能通过研究资源丰裕和收入水平之间的关系来确定。利用我国建制城市数据和面板门槛回归模型,发现资源型城市具有正向的收入水平效应,表明资源是"祝福"而非"诅咒"。     

Village Elections,Accountability and Income Distribution in Rural China

1. Introduction The village election was first envisioned by the late chairman of the National People’sCongress (NPC), Mr Peng Zhen, in the mid-1980s to enhance village governance after the commune system was dissolved in China in the early 1980s. In 1987, the NPC passed a tentative version of The Organic Law of the Village Committee (OLVC), and started a 10 year experiment of village elections. In 1998, the NPC formally passed the law and elections quickly spread to the whole count…