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1.
Despite the existence of a rich literature on Chinese partial household division, there is still limited evidence of its effect on land and capital accumulation and well-being. In this study, contrary to the dominant view, we find that household property size peaked around 1800s–1830s, suggesting that equal-share system did not necessarily lead to land fragmentation. We find evidence that this rise in farm sizes is related to the opposing forces of increased well-being and increased inequality. 相似文献
2.
清代前期,在“边境安稳、和平友善”的对缅政策的指导下,清政府采取的是“宽松、自由、以民为本”的对缅贸易政策.强化对滇缅贸易的管理,设置专门机构、规定具体的管理措施,促进了滇缅贸易的进一步繁荣. 相似文献
3.
我国国民收入分配失衡及对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近十几年来,我国居民收入在国民收入中的比重持续下降,而企业收入比重和政府收入比重逐步上升。国民收入分配失衡加剧投资与消费不平衡和国际收支失衡,阻碍了经济增长方式转变。本文提出了调整国民收入分配格局,促进国民经济持续健康发展的对策。 相似文献
4.
Yllmaz Akyvz 《中国与世界经济(英文版)》2011,19(1):1-23
This paper examines the contribution of exports to growth in China since the early years of the decade. It is estimated that, despite a high import content ranging between 40 and 50 percent, approximately one‐third of Chinese growth before the global crisis was a result of exports, due to their phenomenal growth of some 25 percent per annum. This figure increases to 50 percent if spillovers to consumption and investment are allowed for. The main reason for excessive dependence on foreign markets is underconsumption. This is due not so much to a high share of household savings in GDP as to a low share of household income and a high share of profits. It is argued that China can no longer maintain such high growth rates for its exports, and, therefore, needs to turn to consumption‐led growth by expanding the share of wages and household income in GDP and accelerating public spending in social infrastructure. 相似文献
5.
世界性金融风暴对我国出口造成很大影响,投资扩张又产生许多副作用。在此背景下,研究消费需求,尤其是释放农村消费需求对拉动我国国民经济持续、稳定和健康发展有着非常重要的意义。 相似文献
6.
当前我国收入分配领域存在居民收入和劳动报酬两个比重偏低,垄断行业收入畸高名不副实,社会转移分配平衡收入差距作用不足,群体间收入差距呈现全范围多层次的扩大趋势等突出问题,解决这些问题需要用发展和改革的眼光、思路和办法促进经济健康发展,坚持以人为本的分配理念努力提高普通劳动者收入,完善社会主义市场经济体制创造平等致富的环境,紧紧抓住社会转移分配的灵魂"公平",全方位缩小收入差距,使劳动者通过第三次分配获得捐赠性收入,通过第四次分配获得财产性收入。 相似文献
7.
Yongqin Guo Zipeng Zhang Bas van Leeuwen Yi Xu 《Australian economic history review》2019,59(2):134-158
Despite being considered a prime indicator of economic change, the occupational structure does not figure prominently in the debate regarding the economic development of early modern China. One reason is the virtual absence of occupational data before the start of the twentieth century. In this paper, we make a first attempt to sketch the occupational structure between ca. 1640 and 1952 using a variety of unique and rather fragmented occupational sources. We find that the share of persons working in agriculture remained stable until the mid-nineteenth century, with the share in industry showing some growth thereafter. 相似文献
8.
Tony Makin 《Open Economies Review》1994,5(4):361-369
This paper argues that a total approach to macroeconomic stock estimation is necessary when assessing the overall significance of a nation's foreign debt level. In an increasingly integrated global economy, changes in national wealth—the difference between the value of internationally tradable assets and external liabilities—not only help gauge creditworthiness, but may be used to complement the traditional flow measures of gross national product and national income. Moreover, following Hicks (1946), changes in open economy measures of wealth yield a new measure of national income. Prototypical estimates of wealth and Hicksian income are presented for Australia by way of example. 相似文献
9.
文章在Lucas(1987)模型中引入习惯形成,并将其拓展成含收入变量的形式,在此基础上采用中国农村五等份收入户的收入数据进行数值模拟。结果显示:收入增长比收入平稳更为重要。当风险偏好不变时,两类福利成本的比值随习惯强度变化的轨迹呈倒U型;习惯形成不变时,两类福利成本的比值随着相对风险规避系数的增大而递减。在不考虑收入波动的福利成本时,促进收入增长能为低收入户带来相对较多的经济福利;不考虑收入增长的福利效应时,收入波动加剧会给低收入户带来相对较多的福利成本。因此,当务之急是增加农民收入,同时也应该兼顾收入波动给低收入群体造成的消极影响。 相似文献
10.
政府政策对农民收入的影响分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
新阶段农业和农村问题的核心归结为农民收入的增长问题.政策是农民增收的灵魂,政策为农民增收提供制度上的保证.文章就是分析了政策为什么能影响农民增收,探讨政策如何影响农民增收问题,然后得出一些建设性结论. 相似文献
11.
ABSTRACTTrade volume biases trade benefits under the background of economic globalization. Employing the input-output technique, important progress has been made in research on trade in value-added. It is noteworthy that capital globalization is one of the important manifestations of economic globalization. Owing to the ever-increasing transnational flow of capital, mainly by foreign direct investment (FDI), production of exports shows great dependence on foreign capital. A large part of value-added in exports are obtained by foreign factors owners, since foreign-invested enterprises account for a large proportion in host country’s total exports, which is foreign income. The ultimate goal of trade is to boost national income. We propose to study trade benefits and trade balance from national income perspective, and further introduce the concept of global income chains to reveal economic benefits distribution within international specialization. 相似文献
12.
Using village data from samples covering 6 provinces,36 counties and 216 townships,the income inequalities within and between townships in rural China are assessed. The Theil index and the mean logarithmic deviation methods enable us to test income inequality at the township level,and to decompose it into intra-regional and inter-regional at county and provincial levels. In the present paper,we also decompose income inequalities between and within the nationally designated poor counties (NDPC). The results show that approximately two-thirds of the income inequality in rural China would be eliminated if measures and policies were targeted at the county level. This study also confirms the rationale that China's poverty alleviation strategy of focusing on poor counties based on the inequalities between NDPC and non-NDPC accounts for the most inter-province inequality. 相似文献
13.
David Piachaud 《Development Southern Africa》2013,30(1):24-38
Social protection has conventionally been associated with redistribution and equity. This paper examines the effects of different types of social protection on economic growth. It looks at the possible effects on human capital formation, on physical investment and innovation, on the local economy and on the macroeconomy, discusses these effects in theory and reviews empirical evidence of such effects. It considers the widely varying impacts that different types of social protection can have on the distribution of incomes and on economic growth. The paper concludes that, in analysing, assessing and planning social protection, it is crucially important to consider the potential drawbacks – and the benefits. 相似文献
14.
在经济增长模式转型背景下研究我国劳动者收入问题对于扩大消费需求具有十分重要的影响:当前我国劳动者持久性收入过低以及持久性收入的不稳定性、预防性特征抑制了居民消费需求的增长;劳动者暂时性收入的不确定性特征降低了居民的消费需求。如果能够通过大幅增加劳动者的持久性收入,就可以使劳动者形成对未来收入的稳定性预期,这对扩大国内消费需求和经济增长模式的转型具有非常重要的作用。因此,为提高劳动者收入和扩大居民的消费需求,本文提出以下对策建议:建立工资正常增长机制和支付保障机制;调整国民收入分配结构;建立完善的社会保障制度;深化金融体制改革,创新金融工具。 相似文献
15.
明清以降,中国西北地区的水力加工业发展至极盛,水磨是其最主要的技术形态,规模一度达到数以千乃至万计,技术体系完备。水力磨坊的经营群体构成复杂,既涉经国大事,亦是重要地方生业,除了加工粮食外,还可用来榨油、制香、造纸、酿酒等,对于满足地方生计和繁荣区域市场发挥了重要作用。水力磨坊是西北官方课税的重要对象,而磨课既指磨坊经营者提供加工服务时收取的加工费用,也指经营者向官方交纳的税额。 相似文献
16.
Peter J. Williamson Simon Hoenderop Jochem Hoenderop 《Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies》2018,16(2):171-191
The veracity of China’s official statistics on GDP growth rates is a matter of debate in both the popular media and academic literature. Given the level of institutional development, its size, complexity and fast pace of change as an emerging economy, there are good reasons to expect that producing reliable and consistent estimates for GDP is difficult. An alternative benchmark would therefore be useful. We propose a benchmark index for the nominal GDP growth constructed bottom-up from publically available and audited total Revenue numbers of 150 major Chinese listed companies covering 19 industry sectors. This benchmark index closely tracks the official statistics, but with some interesting deviations. Validation by using Gross Margin numbers for our Chinese sample and US data produced similar results. The methodology also allowed us to produce estimates of growth at the industry level, which highlights some important changes underway in the structure growth patterns of the Chinese economy. 相似文献
17.
基于江苏省1978~2009年经济增长率与收入差距面板数据,探讨了在不同经济发展水平下的收入差距与经济增长关系是否存在一致性问题。对江苏省收入差距与经济增长率数据经平滑处理后,运用江苏省、苏北、苏南通过面板协整分析,结果表明苏北地区的经济增长率与收入差距存在正相关的双向Granger因果关系,但是苏南地区的经济增长率与收入差距存在负相关的单向Granger因果关系。 相似文献
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19.
Higher income volatility is associated with a higher risk and a reduction in well-being. Income volatility is widely studied in many advanced economies, yet little is known about income volatility in China. In this paper we document trends in earnings volatility and household income volatility in urban China and examine what are the driving forces. Using the China Urban Household Survey, we find that male earnings volatility increased by 89% between 1992 and 2009. Earnings volatility is higher for older, less educated, and those who work in private service sector and non-SOEs. Decomposition analysis suggests that couple’s earnings shocks are positively correlated, while transfer income and other income help smooth out head earnings shocks. In addition, transfer income and other non-transfer income plays a larger role in smoothing out head earnings shocks for poorer households. 相似文献
20.
Yang Yao* 《中国与世界经济(英文版)》2006,14(6):20-38
1. Introduction The village election was first envisioned by the late chairman of the National People’sCongress (NPC), Mr Peng Zhen, in the mid-1980s to enhance village governance after the commune system was dissolved in China in the early 1980s. In 1987, the NPC passed a tentative version of The Organic Law of the Village Committee (OLVC), and started a 10 year experiment of village elections. In 1998, the NPC formally passed the law and elections quickly spread to the whole count… 相似文献