制造商渠道多元化与跨渠道冲突：企业规模和跨渠道整合的调节作用

互联网技术和电子商务的发展为企业采用多渠道销售产品提供了有力的支持。采用不同类型的渠道销售产品成为企业塑造竞争力的重要途径,但同时也对企业对多渠道进行管理带来了挑战。文章基于多渠道相关研究,探讨企业渠道多元化对跨渠道冲突的影响,以及企业规模、跨渠道整合对上述关系的调节效应。以185家制造企业为对象,通过问卷调查收集数据,运用多元层次回归对研究假设进行检验。研究结果表明,企业的渠道多元化会激化跨渠道冲突;企业规模正向调节渠道多元化与跨渠道冲突之间的关系;跨渠道整合负向调节渠道多元化与跨渠道冲突之间的关系。     

电子商务对营销渠道管理的影响

通过对近些年来学术界关于电子商务对营销渠道影响相关文献的总结,本文评述了电子商务在营销渠道设计、营销渠道成员选择和管理、营销渠道评价等方面的影响:在营销渠道设计方面,学者们的研究集中在电子商务作为一种新的营销渠道的特性,与这一个新的渠道和旧渠道之间的关系等方向;在营销渠道成员选择和管理方面,相关研究主要集中在渠道冲突管理上;营销渠道评价方面的研究主要是为新的渠道设计新的绩效评价体系。因此,未来的相关研究应该集中在电子营销渠道和传统营销渠道的协同和替代作用,不同国家、不同经济水平和文化氛围对于渠道间关系的影响,以及多种渠道下企业营销策略研究等方面。     

Social Contagion and Customer Adoption of New Sales Channels

We develop and test hypotheses regarding the role of social contagion in customer adoption of new sales channels. We examine two aspects of social contagion (local contagion and homophily) and two channels (Internet and bricks-and-mortar store). Drawing on diffusion theory, we propose a conceptual framework that identifies the factors associated with new channel adoption. Using longitudinal data from a major catalog company and a discrete-time hazard model, we find that (1) social contagion plays a major role in the adoption of new sales channels, (2) both local contagion and homophily influence channel adoption, (3) longer-tenured customers are less influenced by social contagion, and (4) adoption of the Internet channel is more influenced by social contagion than adoption of the bricks-and-mortar store. Managerially, our results suggest that marketing programs that encourage social contagion, for example, word-of-mouth campaigns, be targeted based on both physical and socio-economic proximity, and that such campaigns will play a bigger role in the adoption of new-to-the-world channels.     

Environmental Impact on Marketing Channels Relationships

Abstract

The global market environment poses various challenges for its constituent channel members. In particular, the role-set of the wholesaler often differs across transitional, emerging, industrialized, and post-industrialized market settings. Regardless of the variants in market infrastructure and development, the wholesaler remains a critical role-set in global supply chains. The focus of this article is to explore the dynamic channel functions of wholesaling in the United States, a post-industrialized market setting. While wholesalers maintain a paramount position in the distribution of goods and the provision of value-added services in the U.S., the wholesaler has received a paucity of research attention. This paper provides a set of research propositions to facilitate empirical investigation of the wholesalers' impact on channel efficiency and effectiveness.     

The effects of multi-channel assortment integration on customer confusion

Abstract

The effects of assortment strategy on customer confusion have been discussed for singular channels in the past. However, multi-channel retailers also have to coordinate their assortment across channels. Recent literature has started to investigate which assortment integration strategy is most favourable for retailers, but theoretical and empirical research is still scarce. Until today, customer confusion has not been considered in this discussion. This article seeks to identify the impact of a retailer’s assortment integration on customer overload confusion, assortment perception and their consequences. In an experiment, we manipulate assortment integration internally (online and offline channel of the focal retailer; full and asymmetrical integration) and externally (online channel of the focal retailer and a competing online retailer; full, asymmetrical and no integration). The results indicate that both internal and external assortment integration have an impact on overload confusion and assortment perception. Asymmetrical internal integration induces less overload confusion in terms of its cognitive and affective components and leads to superior assortment perception. Full and asymmetrical external integration evoke less confusion with regard to its cognitive component. Eventually, overload has detrimental short- and long-term effects for the retailer. Multi-channel retailers should consider our results when implementing an assortment integration strategy.     

农业合作经济组织营销渠道力现状与对策

基于伯特.罗森布罗姆的营销渠道受重视理论和弗兰茨和兰文的营销渠道“六力模型”理论,分析我国农业合作经济组织建设营销渠道在获取竞争优势、降低农产品储运成本等方面的重要性,以及营销渠道力薄弱、渠道利润流失的状况。提出应通过加强农业合作经济组织实力、营销渠道建设、市场营销组合要素配合等,提高农业合作经济组织营销渠道力。     

构建关系型营销渠道:一个渠道知识共生网络

在传统的交易营销理念指导下所形成的交易型营销渠道因现代营销环境的改变和关系营销理念的广泛应用,其地位和作用日益受到挑战和限制。因此,在这样的背景下,改革交易型营销渠道,建立以关系营销理念为指导的关系型营销渠道成为企业界和理论界共同关注的一个重要课题。本文首先综述了西方营销渠道关系理论的研究内容,然后在交易型营销渠道与关系型营销渠道比较的基础上提出了一个构建关系型营销渠道的渠道知识共生网络。     

Interfirm Control of Plural Formed Marketing Channels

ABSTRACT

Borrowing multi-contract theory from the organizational economics literature (Hart 1983; Holmstrøm 1982; Lazear and Rosen 1981) I build a multilevel channel framework of network control. This framework incorporates both multi-contract theory and the traditional dyadic approach.

I also propose a dynamic perspective of the organizational control process that shifts from a dyadic pre-contractual model focused on the anticipated attributes of the bilateral relationship to a post-contractual phase focused on the interaction between dyads in a network of different contracts. It is difficult and costly to formulate an explicit contract that safeguards the principal's post-contractual interests (Ouchi 1979). Organizational learning and control based on comparative information can support such incomplete contracts.     

The end of the world as we know it? The influence of online channels on the luxury customer experience

Luxury brands claim to offer consumers pleasure and prestige and deliver high profits to retailers. While the global demand for luxury goods is increasing, consumers expect that the purchasing process these goods will accommodate their preferences on how, where, and when they want to purchase them. The changing nature of luxury markets and customers' purchasing behavior makes it necessary to understand why customers would choose an online channel to purchase luxury offerings. What are the features that make so appealing, attracting consumers towards them? Our study explores customers' motivations, the benefits and the experiences they are expecting and perceiving from the Online Luxury Experience (OLX). We examine the OLX and establish three corresponding luxury customer segments using online channels to purchase their luxury goods and services: the purists, opportunists, and e-lux. We highlight the differences between the segment's customer journeys and the implications for theory and luxury customer experience management.     

Selling Versus Leasing of Durable Goods: The Impact on Marketing Channels

While many durable products are sold through intermediaries, there is limited understanding of how channel performance is influenced by transactions involving durable goods in a competitive market. In particular, extant research shows that intermediaries can significantly impact the leasing versus selling policy of a monopolistic manufacturer. This article seeks to fill that gap by examining the selling versus leasing choice of duopolistic manufacturers in the context of decentralized channels. Our analysis demonstrates that in addition to the unique equilibrium of selling, a prisoner's dilemma may arise where both manufacturers are better off if they were to lease their products.     

Definition and Measurement of Environmental Uncertainty in Channels of Distribution Research:

A definition and measure for environmental uncertainty are proposed for channels of distribution research. They reflect the notion that environmental uncertainty should be viewed as a perceptual phenomenon experienced through decision-making. Key outcomes of interest that a channel member faces in the decision environment are important components of this construct. Uncertainty is operationalized based on a respondent's lack of information about, and inability to predict the future occurrence of, each outcome of interest. Results of a pilot test support the reliability and pragmatic validity of a modified 18-item measure of environmental uncertainty.     

渠道关系中社会资本对战略绩效的作用路径研究

目前社会资本在促进渠道成员的合作中扮演了重要作用,但有关社会资本对企业绩效之间的作用机制还需要做进一步探究。针对这一现象,文章基于渠道关系视角,探讨了结构社会资本和关系社会资本对战略绩效的作用路径。基于393家中国计算机及其零件行业的企业数据,引入知识冗余和共同解决问题两个中间变量,建立了社会资本、共同解决问题、知识冗余和战略绩效间的关系模型,实证研究结果发现：结构社会资本和关系社会资本会通过促进知识冗余和共同解决问题进而提升战略绩效。研究结论拓展了渠道关系管理、社会资本领域的研究,并对企业实践具有指导意义。     

分销渠道建设的出发点反思

传统企业在建立自己的销售渠道时的出发点是站在消费者需要的服务层次的基础上,随着时代的变化,科技的发展,消费者的变化,这个出发点已经不能再适合企业建立渠道的需要,渠道的建立以消费者的渠道偏好为出发点成为未来的大趋势。     

基于控制营销理念的药品流通渠道构建策略

在强调以"终端为王"的药品流通市场,众多生产厂家越来越重视药品流通渠道的管理,这既是控制流通成本、降低终端药品价格的需要,也是扩大市场、提高产品竞争力的需要。全文首先介绍了药品流通渠道及"控制营销"的概念,然后分析了药品流通渠道的现状及问题,最后从战略、管理、技术三个方面阐述了药品流通渠道构建策略。     

Dual Control of Salesforce in Partially Integrated Channels

A manufacturer using a partially integrated channel (PIC) dispatches its own salesforce to the retailers that it sells through. The manufacturer salesforce in a PIC is simultaneously subject to controls by the manufacturer and the retailer, which we call dual control. Despite its increasing prevalence, how dual control influences salesforce performance remains understudied. We develop a discriminating alignment framework through two steps to answer this question. The first step examines the influence of a controller on the efficacy of a control mechanism. The efficacy of a control mechanism varies with the party that exerts control. The second step expands this logic to dual control. The performance effect of dual control is equivocal: It may have a positive, negative, or no influence on salesforce performance depending on discriminating alignment. To improve salesforce performance, a manufacturer’s control and a retailer’s control must compensate for each other’s weaknesses. Empirical tests based on matched dyadic data of dual control of salesforce by apparel manufacturers and retailers support our predictions with considerable theoretical and managerial implications.     

企业间关系质量：渠道影响策略的权变模型

文章基于渠道行为与嵌入理论,探讨了营销渠道中的经济型影响策略（组织间强制性影响策略和非强制性影响策略）与社会型影响策略（组织间人际影响策略）对企业间关系质量的影响。通过对152家制造商的调查数据分析发现：企业在治理渠道关系时,使用组织间强制性影响策略会降低它与合作伙伴之间的关系质量;使用组织间非强制性影响策略对它与合作伙伴之间关系质量的影响不显著;使用组织间人际影响策略则有助于提高它与合作伙伴之间的关系质量。此外,组织间人际影响策略还会减弱组织间强制性影响策略对企业间关系质量的负面影响。     

Looking Back to Move Forward: A Review of the Evolution of Research in International Marketing Channels

Over the past fifty years, the scope of research on international marketing channels has significantly evolved. From an early focus on factors influencing the expansion of marketing channels internationally, the literature now investigates a myriad of topics related to the challenges of selecting channel structures and managing channel relationships. This article investigates the evolution of international marketing channels research by reviewing 353 international channels-related articles published from 1965 to 2014 under a periodization approach. The assessment of the state and evolution of the literature is used as a foundation for the identification of emerging themes that will move the field of international marketing channels forward.     

Investigating the impact of shopper personality on behaviour in immersive Virtual Reality store environments

The increasing availability of immersive Virtual Reality (VR) hardware in private households has opened up significant opportunities for innovations in online retailing. Online retailers can develop realistic, albeit simulated, three-dimensional retail environments that use immersive elements to create a more exciting online shopping experience. Nevertheless, to date, very little is known about how observed shopper behaviour in immersive VR store environments compares to existing knowledge in the physical or other online retail research literature. To that end, this paper focuses on human personality traits and whether these translate to familiar observations of in-store shopper behaviour. Specifically, the research examined the ‘Big Five’ personality traits – agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism, and openness to experience, and their impact on purchase behaviours such as product inspection time, proportion of private label purchases, and impulsive buying. It is further investigated how the purchase behaviours impact the outcomes of the shopping trip. The results revealed a variety of expected relationships between purchase metrics and the outcomes of the shopping trip; however, in stark contrast to the findings of extant studies, shopper personality did not show any impacts on the investigated purchase behaviours. Further research is needed to determine whether this failure to replicate past studies of shopper personality was, in fact, due to differences in the store environment or rather due to the moving from survey-based method of shopper data collection to naturalistic observation. Nonetheless, this finding has important implications for e-retailing strategies and market research practices.     

The impact of COVID-19 on the evolution of online retail: The pandemic as a window of opportunity

Pandemic-related shocks have induced an unexpected volatility into the evolution of online sales, making it difficult for retailers to cope with frequently occurring, drastic changes in demand. Relying on a socio-technical approach, the purpose of this paper is to (a) offer a deeper insight into the driving forces of online sales during the pandemic, and (b) investigate whether pandemic-related shocks accelerate the long-term growth of online retail. Novel, high-frequency data on GPS-based population mobility and government stringency is used to demonstrate how time spent in residential areas and governmental restrictions drive the monthly evolution of online sales in 23 countries. We deconstruct these effects into three main phases: lure-in, lock-in, and phase-out. Lastly, using time series analysis, we show that the pandemic has induced a level shift into the long-term growth trend of the online retail sector in the majority of countries investigated.     

The indirect effect of online marketing capabilities on the international performance of e-commerce SMEs

International e-commerce is a strong global trend pushed by a tail wind of bolstering economic policies, changing customer behaviors, and improved logistics and technologies. This study investigates the reasons for performance variations among international e-commerce SMEs. Building on the capabilities perspective and market orientation literature, a research model is developed and tested with linear regression and mediation analysis on an effective sample of 99 Swedish SMEs which use e-commerce as an international sales channel. Our study shows that online marketing capabilities are necessary but not sufficient to increase performance among these companies. Our results show that marketing ambidexterity, reflected by both market-driven and market-driving approaches, is instrumental to leverage the effect of online marketing capabilities.