Consumer Believability of Information in Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) Advertising of Prescription Drugs

Direct to consumer (DTC) advertising has attracted significant research attention, yet none has focused on empirical assessments of its overall impact on U.S. consumers nationally, and tying assessment to relevant behavioral outcomes. This paper addresses the ethical issue of DTC advertising providing a balance of product and risk information that is both understandable and believable, and contributes direction to those exploring this phenomenon. Richard F. Beltramini is currently Professor of Marketing in the School of Business Administration at Wayne State University. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Texas at Austin, and served on the faculty of Arizona State University for fifteen years. His teaching interests include advertising and marketing management, research, and strategy. His primary research focus is on the believability of marketing communications information, and he has published in the Journal of Advertising, Journal of Advertising Research, Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Marketing, and a variety of other journals, conference proceedings, and books as well as co-editing Gift Giving: A Research Anthology. Dr. Beltramini has served on the Editorial Review Boards of a number of academic journals, as guest editor of special issues of the Journal of Business Ethics and the International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising, as international president of the American Academy of Advertising, as a member of the American Advertising Federation's National Academic Committee and several other professional and business organizations, and is active as a consultant to several international organizations. He is the recipient of several national competitive grants and awards for his teaching and research, including the National Science Foundation, is the only faculty recipient of both his school’s Excellence in Research and Excellence in Teaching awards, and is currently the first Board of Visitors Faculty Fellow. Prior to academe, Dr. Beltramini worked for Texas Instruments, Inc. and The Drawing Board, Inc., both in Dallas, and he has also worked as a Visiting Research Professor for J. Walter Thompson Advertising in Chicago, Honeywell Information Systems in Phoenix, and the Federal Trade Commission in Washington, D.C.     

Presumed Influence of Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) Prescription Drug Advertising on Patients: The Physician's Perspective

This study explored the influence of the presumed influence model in the context of DTC (direct-to-consumer) advertising. A survey of 404 physicians studied presumed effects of DTC advertising on patients and whether the presumed effects influenced physicians' support for regulation and response to patient requests. Results partially supported the proposed model. Physicians perceived the highest degree of DTC advertising influence on patients' inquiries with their doctors and requests for advertised drugs and the lowest degree for beneficial influence of DTC ads. Physicians tend to support government regulation of DTC advertising, and their support is consistent across different demographic and perceptual variables. While physicians' responses to patients' requests for an advertised drug is mixed, greater presumed detrimental effects predicted refusal of patient requests, even after controlling for physicians' demographic and attitudinal characteristics. However, acceptance of patients' requests and recommendation of other drugs are found to be unrelated to presumed DTC advertising influence. The results are discussed in relation to existing theoretical work and DTC advertising literature. Future research recommendations are also provided.     

Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing and Its Marketing: Emergent Ethical and Public Policy Implications

Journal of Business Ethics - This paper provides a marketing ethics analysis that addresses the practice of selling genetic tests (GT) directly to the consumer (DTC). It details the...     

非处方药的网络DTC营销

本文旨在为非处方药网络DTC营销策略提出建议。通过文献收集和资料分析后,本文初步得到以下结论:(1)全球OTC市场中,我国以11%的增长率成为增长最快的地区;(2)2006年我国网络营销市场规模突破60亿;(3)超过80%的城市居民对一些可自我识别的疾病或某些慢性疾病进行自我药疗;(4)截至2007年1月,我国网民总数为13700万人。基于此,本文认为电子邮件营销,网络DTC广告和DTC网站这三种网络DTC营销方式的发展前景看好。     

The Ethical Challenges of Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing

Genetic testing is currently subject to little oversight, despite the significant ethical issues involved. Repeated recommendations for increased regulation of the genetic testing market have led to little progress in the policy arena. A 2005 Internet search identified 13 websites offering health-related genetic testing for direct purchase by the consumer. Further examination of these sites showed that overall, biotech companies are not providing enough information for consumers to make well-informed decisions; they are not consistently offering genetic counseling services; and some sites even offer tests with little evidence of clinical value. This article aims to raise company and consumer awareness about the ethical concerns surrounding the direct-to-consumer marketing of health-related genetic tests. It also suggests ways that biotech companies can bring their services to the public in an ethically responsible manner, without increased regulatory oversight. Submitted for the Special Issue on Ethical Issues in Biotechnology.     

The Effects Of Information Sources On Consumer Reactions To Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) Prescription Drug Advertising: A Consumer Socialization Approach

This study examines the process by which, and the extent to which, consumers' reliance on mass media and interpersonal channels for health information is associated with consumer responses to direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising. By analyzing nationally representative survey data collected among a U.S. adult population, this study finds that those who rely more on mass media and interpersonal channels for health information form more positive attitudes toward DTC advertising. In addition, reliance on interpersonal channels for health information leads consumers to have more active discussions with their health professionals about the drug advertised. Implications for pharmaceutical marketing practitioners and DTC advertising researchers are discussed with reference to the heated debate surrounding DTC advertising in the wake of the recent Vioxx recall incident.     

The Service-Dominant Logic of Marketing and Marketing Ethics

Abela and Murphy (J Acad Mark Sci 36(1):39–53, 2007) examined Service-Dominant (S-D) logic (Vargo and Lusch, J Mark 68(1):1–17, 2004) from the viewpoint of Marketing Ethics and concluded that whilst S-D logic does not have explicit ethical content, the Foundational Premises (FPs) of S-D logic do have implicit ethical content. They also conclude that what may be needed to make the implicit more explicit is the addition of another FP. The aim of this article is to explore whether S-D logic needs to be modified, if one wishes to construct a theoretical framework for analysis of Marketing that has ethical considerations fully integrated. We critically evaluate the claim that the FPs are inherently ethical and conclude that S-D logic should be modified. We offer an additional FP for consideration that relates to the role of personal and societal values in the co-creation of value. This FP is necessary because of the role that the ethical positions of actors play in exchange behaviour. However, it should be pointed out that whilst the article explores the ethical potential of S-D logic it does not privilege any particular ethical position or code. These concerns will be addressed in subsequent articles: the aim here is to establish the underlying rationale for including an explicit commitment to ethics in S-D logic.     

大市场营销

大市场营销方式的运用,主要是如何应用权力和公共关系消除有形或无形的壁垒,进入封闭的市场。权力是一个“推”的策略,公共关系则是一个“拉”的策略。     

The Marketing of Services

No abstract available for this article.     

饭店营销新理念：差异化营销

随着饭店业的不断成熟和发展,创设竞争优势成为饭店企业追逐的主要目标,而差异化正是企业创设竞争优势的重要源泉。本从分析饭店面临的基本现状着手,介绍了差异化营销理念的内涵、优势以及它在饭店企业中的运作要点。     

The Marketing of Tourism

The objectives of this article are to present the applications of marketing management in the tourism industry. The article discusses the various factors affecting the tourism market and its major sectors: (i) travel agencies and tour operators; (ii) hotel and catering; and (iii) transport. Any meaningful analysis of tourism marketing, should be based on: (a) market segmentation; (b) tourism marketing mix; and (c) marketing strategies. As the market for tourism services and products is dynamic and accompanied by rapid changes in the environment due to increased competition, technological changes and inflation, increased attention should be giver7 to the ernployme17t of appropriate marketing management methods as this industry, as indicated in the present article.     

21世纪酒店营销主流——绿色营销

绿色营销逐渐成为国际营销的新潮流,在国内外环保压力下,我国酒店应树立绿色营销意识,文章基于酒店绿色营销提出的背景及其含义分析了我国酒店实施绿色营销面临的现实障碍,有针对性地提出了实施绿色营销的相关对策。     

从交易营销到战略营销:营销理论范式的比较与创新

市场营销发展的历史表明,在现代的市场竞争下单纯依赖以4Ps策略为分析框架的交易营销范式已经逐渐失去了对新问题的解释力。关系营销范式因为缺乏明确的研究框架和分析工具还不能成为主流的营销范式。而伴随着现代竞争的日益发展,基于竞争和顾客导向的战略营销管理理论范式越来越具有影响力。SMM范式具备一个全新的理论范式的条件,将对未来我国企业的营销战略的制定,长远的营销发展具有重要的意义。     

浅论差异化营销策略在保险产品创新中的运用

目前我国保险产品存在的主要问题是忽视市场定位、产品同构,差异化程度低。差异化营销策略是保险企业实现产品创新的主要策略之一。运用差异化营销策略对保险产品进行创新,才能真正满足保险消费的个性化需求,并从根本上提高保险企业的市场竞争力。     

产品销售"黄金"阶段的市场营销对策

多数产品在市场上要经历一个由引入期、成长期、成熟期到衰退期的市场寿命周期过程,其中,当产品处于成熟期时,其销售额、利润额及市场份额会达到最高,往往是企业获利的最佳时期.此期,企业应积极采取产品渐进性改进、营销组合协调性改进、市场拓展性改进策略,以延长产品的寿命周期,为企业赢得更高、更长时间的利润.     

Permissive Marketing The Effect of The AIDS Crisis on Marketing Practices and Messages

In 1981, in a Harvard Business Review feature, we described a marketing condition which we called "unmentionability" and, through a series of case studies, showed how it could frustrate the marketing of a wide range of products and services, despite the fact that many of them need to be actively marketed. AIDS and the massive anti-AIDS promotional campaigns that it spawned have dramaticaly accelerated the pace of change and created a new environment in which products, services, concepts and ideas that were previously regarded as unmentionable can now be marketed openly and explicitly. The marketing climate has changed profoundly and, although not always for the better, the added freedom and punch that the AIDS campaigns have engendered in the marketing world, have been eagerly accepted by those who feel it can enhance their marketing programmes.     

音乐营销的秘密

在企业发展过程中,创新的思维和策略才能获得长远的发展。因此,营销人员需要运用与时俱进的营销手段以确保满足消费者不断变化的需求。随着经济的发展、科技的进步和消费者生活水平的提高,消费者的购买行为开始发生变化,他(她)们的购买行为不仅仅受到产品本身的影响,还受到购买环境的影响。随之,突破传统营销手段的音乐营销逐渐进入营销人员的视线。一些研究发现,购买环境中的音乐因素对消费者购买行为的影响更胜于产品本身。这篇论文首先介绍了音乐的三个特性:一致性、广泛性和情感性;其次介绍了音乐营销的作用;最后对全文进行了总结。