环境会计的创立与研究的实证分析

环境运动的高涨使环境会计作为一个学科分支应运而生,非市场价值的生态环境计量、宏观社会会计可持续发展理论是其热点领域。微观环境会计核算、规范化、成本内在化及各国环境会计的比较,是环境会计今后的研究热点及研究方向。     

会计管制和盈余质量关系的实证研究

本文从稳健性的角度首次考察了中国的盈余质量水平以及2001年准则变革的影响.研究发现,2001年前后盈余的稳健性和及时性发生了结构性的提升,说明2001年的准则变革有效改进了盈余质量;但改进的幅度是较为有限的,与普通法国家相比,中国的盈余质量仍处于很低的水平.文章提供了会计管制能在一定程度上提升盈余质量的经验证据,并指出在加强准则建设的同时,还应加快推进公司治理改革、资本市场改革等制度变革,努力培育公司层面形成对高质量盈余的有效需求.     

财政性教育投入对人力资本形成的实证分析

财政教育投入影响人力资本形成已是不争之事实.本文利用以财政教育投入、民间教育投入、适龄人口规模为解释变量的柯布-道格拉斯生产函数建立了我国人力资本生产函数,并利用我国1985-2001年的数据对这一函数进行实证分析,发现财政性教育投资教育投入对人力资本的产出弹性为正,且中等教育的弹性最大.     

Business Ethics and Accounting Information. An Analysis of the Spanish Code of Best Practice

The main purpose of this article is to analyse one aspect of Spanish business ethics: the role of the transparency and quality of the economic and financial information given to meet the demands and requirements of shareholders. To that end we concentrate firstly on analysing the Spanish capital market and the situation of shareholders prior to the publication in February 1988 of the Code of Best Practice for Spanish Companies, drawn up by a Special Committee created at the request of the Ministry of Economy and Finance. We analyse the importance of the behaviour and actions of three groups which are fundamental to assuring quality and transparency of information: those who prepare financial statements, the Board of Directors (particularly the Audit Committee) and the external auditors. Finally, we look at the possible consequences of the Code of Best Practice on Spanish business ethics.     

中国高等教育服务进口影响因素的实证分析

本文利用统计学中变量选择法和模型选择法并依托R语言计算能力分别建立ARIMA模型和动态回归模型.由于对ARIMA模型进行了交叉验证,令人满意的预测结果表明,利用该模型进一步预测得到中国今后几年出国留学人数增长趋势将放缓的结论具有合理性.动态回归模型则对影响出国留学人数的主要因素之重要性进行度量,说明影响中国高等教育服务进口的主要因素按其重要性排序依次是国内就业压力、高校毕业生人数和人均可支配收入.进一步分析则说明中国高等教育行业在全球范围内竞争力不足是导致服务进口居高不下的最主要原因.     

增值税转型及会计核算的变化分析

随着经济社会的发展,新消费型增值税对企业固定资产的核算产生了本质的影响.从增值税转型后对增值税三种类型,进项税的抵扣范围,新增固定资产、不得抵扣进项税额的固定资产以及销售自己使用过的固定资产处理等方面进行分析,可以看出,生产型增值税重复课税因素,一定程度上阻碍了市场经济的发展.这次增值税改革的核心是实行消费型增值税,允许纳税人抵扣购进固定资产的进项税额,实现增值税由生产型向消费型的转换.     

会计信息失真的经济学分析

本文认为,会计信息失真的根本原因在于经济利益的驱动,即造假者通过失真的会计信息可得到直接的或间接的、现实的或潜在的经济利益。而在造假过程中,经营者则是造假方案的策划者和决定者。治理会计信息失真,准确界定会计信息失真的责任是前提,构建针对经营者的有效的激励和约束机制是最有效的方法。     

Ethics and Accounting Education

Some aspects of ethics and accounting education are explored in this research. Research findings suggest that there is strong support for the inclusion of ethics in business and accounting curricula. The majority of respondents who responded to the ethics coverage question think that ethics should be integrated with all accounting courses. Moreover, the respondents are of the opinion that there are four main objectives of accounting education. These are: broad-based education, development of balanced skills, development of moral values and practical-biased programmes. The respondents also suggested different ways of implementing these objectives. The study further reveals that in ethics teaching, real examples and case studies should be used.     

An Empirical Investigation of the Dimensions of Service Quality in Australia Accounting Firms

No abstract available for this article.     

新《会计法》的博弈分析

会计博弈是一个不完全信息动态博弈。新修订的《会计法》的实质是保证不完全信息动态会计博弈实现精炼贝叶斯纳什均衡的博弈规则。修订后的新《会计法》,体现了经济学原理的基本要求,在立法宗旨和修订的内容上更加适应我国社会主义市场经济的客观要求,必将对规范经济秩序、促进经济发展起到积极的作用。     

An Analysis of International Accounting Codes of Conduct

The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) has recently issued a revised “Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants” (IFAC Code). As a requirement for membership in IFAC, a national accounting organization must either adopt the IFAC Code or adopt a code of conduct that is not “less stringent” than the IFAC Code. In this paper, we examine the extent to which 158 national accounting organizations have adopted the revised IFAC Code as their own. Our results indicate that 80 of our sample organizations have adopted the IFAC Code (sometimes with minor modifications), while the remaining 78 opted not to utilize the model IFAC Code. We then test the hypothesis that national accounting organizations in lower income economies would be less likely to adopt the IFAC Code than those in high income economies. Our results do not support the hypothesis. We argue that one potential reason for such a finding is that adopting the IFAC Code may be a cost effective means of adopting a code of ethics for organizations in lower income economies.     

我国股票市场功能的实证分析

本文认为,辩证、客观地认识我国股票市场并确定股票市场发展方向,对我国经济发展具有非常重要的意义。文章利用1987～2003年的数据对我国股票市场与经济增长的关系及我国股市功能进行实证分析。研究发现,境内外股票筹资率的上升对资源配置效率的改善和经济增长具有积极的作用;而由于市盈率过高和传导机制失灵,流通市价与GDP比率的上升对经济增长有明显的负作用。因此,证券市场发展规划既要大力促进境内外股票筹资率的上升,又要适当控制泡沫与过度投机,从而推进证券市场健康稳定发展。     

中日产业内贸易问题的实证分析

日本是中国最重要的贸易伙伴国之一。中国在中日产业内贸易的经济交往中基本处于较低水平,出口产品主要以劳动密集型产品为主。中日产业内贸易的特点主要还处于垂直型产业内贸易。应采取利用税收优惠引导企业主动增加科研投资;引导企业开展科技战略联盟,整合产业整体研发资源;整合高校研发力量等对策,努力实现中国对日产业内贸易类型由垂直型为主向水平型为主的贸易升级,以占据中日产业内贸易的有利地位,获得更多贸易利益。     

Corporate Reputation and Philanthropy: An Empirical Analysis

This paper analyzes the determinants of corporate reputation within a sample of large UK companies drawn from a diverse range of industries. We pay particular attention to the role that philanthropic expenditures and policies may play in shaping the perceptions of companies among their stakeholders. Our findings highlight that companies which make higher levels of philanthropic expenditures have better reputations and that this effect varies significantly across industries. Given that reputational indices tend to reflect the financial performance of organizations above other factors (Fryxell, G. E. and J. Wang: 1994, Journal of Management 20, 1–14) and that elements of the literature emphasise that discretionary aspects of social responsibility, including corporate donations, may not be in the financial interests of organizations (e.g. Friedman, M.: 1970, “The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits”, New York Times Magazine, September 13), this is a significant finding. It suggests that philanthropic expenditures may play a significant role in stakeholder management and may, in particular, lead to stakeholders holding more positive impressions of philanthropic corporations.     

烟草税的实证分析与制度设计研究

烟草税是控制吸烟的主要手段之一。为了履行对国际烟草控制框架公约的承诺,中国政府应该对涉及烟草的税收进行细致的研究和制度设计。本文首先指出烟草税的重要性,然后总结出烟草税的各类实证分析方向,进而针对每一个研究方向提出了相应的实证模型及数据基础,最后就烟草税的各类制度要素设置提出了建议。     

An Exploration of the State of Ethics in UK Accounting Education

A growing body of literature places blame for accounting frauds on the failure of educators to implement ethics training in accounting curriculums in higher educational institutions. Although, the professional accountancy bodies in the UK espouse high ethical standards, others suggest that these bodies are failing to cover ethics in any meaningful way. This study surveys faculty about what is being taught and how much time is dedicated to ethics training. This is the first study to examine whether content suggested by the Ethics Education Framework (EEF) has been implemented in curriculums in the UK. In addition, we look to determine if there is a notable difference between what is covered in both pre-1992 (less vocational) and post-1992 (more vocational) UK universities. Although we find that post-1992 (more vocational) institutions have implemented the EEF suggestions more than pre-1992 (less vocational) UK universities, current ethics training is insufficient and has not changed much over the last two decades.     

FDI与中国对外贸易的实证分析

本文通过构建数理模型,对中国1982-2003年间的数据进行分析后表明,FDI与中国的出口之间具有一定的正相关关系,但FDI对促进中国出口的作用并不十分明显,其原因在于跨国公司越来越多地抢占国内市场,而增加出口并不是其战略目标的主要方面。另外,FDI所形成的生产和出口对内资形成的生产和出口构成了“挤出效应”。基于此,我们应该与时俱进地调整我们的外资和外贸政策。     

新结构主义框架下的经济增长核算——来自 95个发展中国家面板数据的实证分析

新古典主义与结构主义均未能很好地解释二战以来发展中国家经济增长的差异。林毅夫认为发展中国家的产业结构只有遵循其要素禀赋结构时才符合比较优势,经济也才最富有竞争力。本文对技术选择指数进行了修正,并基于95个发展中国家的面板数据对林毅夫经济增长命题进行检验。结果显示,发展中国家的经济增长率与技术选择指数存在着倒U型关系,即在给定要素禀赋结构条件下存在着最优的产业结构,从而为林毅夫经济增长命题的存在提供了经验证据。     

金融发展与经济增长的实证分析

上海是国内最重要的金融市场中心,是中国大陆地区重要的金融中心城市。20世纪90年代起,上海迈出了建设国际金融中心的步伐,上海已成为中国金融对外开放的窗口和金融改革创新的平台。在国家政策的指引下,中外金融机构优先向上海聚集。自1992年起,上海国民经济连续14年以两位数的速度增长。金融是经济的核心,在上海国民经济高速增长的背后,应该有金融的贡献。上海经济增长和金融发展之间的关系如何,是经济增长导致了金融发展?还是金融发展促进了经济增长?应