Internationalization and Organizational Change

Abstract

This work analyzes the changes caused by the adoption of a strategy of internationalization in two Brazilian companies: Embraco of the machinery sector and Bamerindus of the banking sector. In the case of Embraco, it was confirmed that there was a relation between three specific instances in the process of internationalization and the adoption of mechanisms of normative integration by the company connected to the dissemination of values, transfers of personnel, communication between the units, programs of personnel exchange, and training and job rotation. In the case of Bamerindus, the impact of internationalization on the interpretive schemes of the organizational managers at each strategic level was evaluated. In both cases, the effect of internationalization was gradual and continuous, characterizing the change as incremental although the direction of change was different in each of the companies analyzed. The explanation for the type of change in each case appears to result from differences in interpretation of which environment constituted the institutional context of reference of each company.     

An ABC-analysis of Ethical Organizational Behavior

The Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC)-analysis is a tool for analyzing behavior and stems from the field of psychology where it is used as a tool for the understanding of behavior in general and organizational behavior in particular. In this paper the ABC-analysis is implemented as a tool to understand why people behave ethically in organizations, through the identification of key environmental factors that cause such behavior. This analysis can be the first step to recognizing the complexity of circumstances determining ethical behavior, as well as trigger for changing that behavior. This will be elaborated in the implementation process of an ethical code. The working of the ABC-analysis will be illustrated with an example derived from field research concerning the reorganization of a department of a chemical company.     

Postcomplaint Processes: From Organizational Response to Repurchase Behavior

Dissatisfied consumers have the opportunity to complain, and businesses can respond to these complaints. Research into what occurs following this response has been sketchy and incomplete. This study attempts to integrate what is known about organizational response to complaints and consumer reaction to that response. A model of post-complaint processes is offered and tested using a sample of complainants who wrote to an oil company.     

Organizational Resistance to Destructive Narcissistic Behavior

As destructive narcissists attain positions of power, unethical behavior ensues. Organizational identity shifts in response. As a result, unethical decisions become amplified in organizational structure and practices and embedded in technology. Little research related to how employees respond to organizational events, cost/benefit analysis of such, or the effects of negative treatment of employees by organizations is available. As persons become aware of the circumstances generated by destructive narcissistic behavior and informed about the consequences, some will resist. In this article, we provide a model illustrating factors that may give rise to such organizational resistance to destructive arrogant narcissism.     

Predictors of Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Ethical Leadership and Workplace Jealousy

This paper analyzes how national institutions impact corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the food-processing industries of France and Morocco. In this study, CSR practices are defined around two main dimensions: corporate performance (financial vs. global) and the CSR approach (defensive vs. active). Qualitative data were collected during semi-structured interviews with SME managers in charge of CSR issues. We then performed a content analysis. Our study shows that there is a distinct difference between the CSR practices adopted by SMEs in France and Morocco. Indeed, the findings suggest that under the rule-based governance system of France, most SMEs view CSR as an economic tool and it is adopted as an opportunity-seeking perspective anchored in the search for global performance. The findings also show that under the relationship-based governance system of Morocco, SMEs mainly see CSR from a constraint-reducing perspective. However, some Moroccan SMEs have begun to see the economic opportunities of CSR, especially in accessing foreign markets.     

雇佣保障对组织公民行为的影响——员工对企业信任的中介作用

文章通过针对我国生产制造型企业员工的问卷调查采集相关数据,利用相关分析和层级回归分析,研究雇佣保障对员工组织公民行为的影响机制,尤其是研究员工对企业的信任在其中的中介作用。实证结果表明,雇佣保障与员工的组织公民行为显著正相关,员工对企业的信任在雇佣保障影响员工组织公民行为的过程中起完全中介作用。     

浅析组织行为效率的影响因素

管理学所要解决的问题就是如何提高组织效率,完成组织目标,减少不必要的消耗。在现实工作中,很多工作的完成需要在组织中进行缜密分工和配合,在这一过程中,影响组织行为效率的因素包括人的因素、组织目标因素、良好的工作习惯、制度的因素、领导的因素五个方面。提高组织行为效率就是要追求每一个影响组织行为效率的因素发挥出最大的效能和作用。     

张近东：把社会责任化成企业组织行为

张近东,苏宁电器股份有限公司董事长,全国工商联副主席,“中国青年五四奖章”．“优秀中国特色社会主义事业建设者”、“全国劳动模范”、“2006CCTV中国经济年度人物”、“2007年度中国25大企业领袖”等称号获得者。     

Internationalization, Strategic Behavior, and the Small Firm: A Comparative Investigation

Previous research on the internationalization of the small firm explored the relationship between the adoption of a global orientation and strategic thinking. However, there was difference in opinion between those arguing that there is a positive relationship between the two variables and others who contended that small firms may internationalize by adopting a passive or reactive approach to the external environment. Within this context, this study sets out to further the discussion by comparing the experience of small enterprises with their medium and large-scale counterparts. In doing so, it draws upon the findings of survey of 1,000 internationalized enterprises located in the main urban conurbations of England. The results suggest that overall there is little disparity in strategy development among internationalized enterprises of different sizes. However, whereas the incidence of strategic behavior among medium and large businesses increases with the complexity of international operations, this is not the case for small firms.     

组织公民行为与人力资源管理的创新

组织公民行为是人力资源管理领域的新课题。必须了解组织公民行为的概念和表现形式,分析组织公民行为对组织有效运作的作用。在此基础上,提出为了对组织公民行为进行管理,需要在人力资源管理实践中所进行的创新举措。     

外贸企业中的企业家行为与组织绩效

入世后，外贸企业要在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地，其内部管理的问题不容忽视。一个企业的成败关键在于企业家，本文运用企业家行为、组织绩效、组织行为等方面的理论，论述企业家行为不当会导致组织绩效问题，并从企业家本身、组织、社会三方面找出原因和对策。     

Moderating Effect of Perceived Organizational Support on Human Resource Development Practices and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

This study examined the moderating effect of perceived organizational support on the relationship between human resource development practices and organizational citizenship behavior of hotels in Thailand. The results from a survey of 733 frontline employees revealed that the relationship between human resource development practices and organizational citizenship behavior was stronger for employees with the high level of perceived organizational support, compared to employees with the low level of perceived organizational support. Therefore, this finding contributes to a significant understanding of moderating effect of perceived organizational support in service organizations. Discussion and implications are also provided.     

Organizational Buyer Behavior of Caribbean Food and Beverage Importers

Abstract

This paper examines the behavior of Caribbean importers with respect to the purchase of branded food and beverage products manufactured in the Canadian province of Ontario. The determinants of the import purchase decision are identified, and the import response of buyers to changes in the importance rating of key purchase criteria is quantified. The study is based on personal interviews with forty-eight Caribbean food and beverage purchasing executives. The results indicate that price and requests from local customers are the most important decision criteria used by Caribbean importers. Also, firms with a recent history of importing Ontario food and beverage products place a higher level of importance on brand image and package design. A one-unit decrease in the importance rating of the packaging design variable was found to increase the odds of a firm importing from Ontario by thirty percent.     

论组织行为学课程双语课堂中的跨文化教学

本文在分析双语教学与跨文化关系的基础上,探讨了文化差异对组织行为学双语教学的影响,并对在组织行为学双语教学中实施跨文化教学的必要性进行了分析。提出了在组织行为学双语教学中进行跨文化教学比较中西方文化差异,在课堂上设置具体的"情境"和"语境",教师应熟悉西方文化知识,学生要进行多渠道自主学习。     

Organizational Commitment and Ethical Behavior: An Empirical Study of Information System Professionals

IS professionals have been reported to have one of the highest turnover rates. They have also often been accused of unethical conduct, specifically, pirating software, hacking, giving professional opinion that exceeds their knowledge, and not protecting people's privacy. In a sample of 71 IS professionals and 250 members of other professions we found that IS professionals were more committed to their organizations than the other professionals, and that IS professionals were, indeed, less ethical with respect to software piracy and hacking. However, we found that they were not less ethical regarding professional opinions that exceed one's knowledge and protecting people's privacy.     

中国文化与组织行为：本土管理研究的路径探讨

本土管理理论的开发离不开对中国独特文化的理解。但中国文化对组织行为的作用机制究竟如何,是一个亟待回答的问题。为此通过对国内外现有研究成果的系统梳理,文章首先界定了本土文化的相关概念,然后基于文化构成,从基本假设、价值观和子文化三个方面探讨了具体文化要素对组织行为的影响作用,最后从中国文化情境的双重属性出发,揭示了文化影响组织行为的制度环境效应和个体偏好效应,构建了中国文化与组织行为的关系路径,并对未来研究进行了展望。     

The Impact of Spiritual Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Multi-Sample Analysis

This study investigates and compares the impact of spiritual leadership on organizational citizenship behavior in finance and retail service industries to determine the possibility of generalizing and applying spiritual leadership to other industries. This study used multi-sample analysis of structural equation modeling. The results show that values, attitudes, and behaviors of leaders have positive effects on meaning/calling and membership of the employees, and further facilitate employees to perform excellent organizational citizenship behaviors, including the altruism of assisting colleagues and the responsible conscientiousness toward organization. The effect of altruism toward colleagues is especially stronger. Finally, the effect of leaders’ values, attitudes, and behaviors on the spiritual survival of employees is stronger in retail than that in finance.     

行动理论与组织行为研究的情境化:一个整合的理论框架

对研究层次和情境的关注是目前组织行为研究的一个重要发展趋势,基于此,对能够囊括众多不同性质、不同层次变量的大理论(General Theory)的需求也越来越迫切。帕森斯(Parsons)的行动理论(Action Theory)通过将单位(个体)行动以及多个行动系统(团体、组织)之间的互动整合在一个大框架里,详细梳理了不同层次变量互动的过程中需要注意的问题;并且纳入了行动者在需要对目标及实现目标的途径、方法做出选择时可能会受到的包括价值观在内的各种不同的直接影响因素。本文基于行动理论的核心概念和整体框架,分析这一理论体系对组织行为领域开展情境化研究可以起到的指导作用和意义。     

组织中人际信任关系对组织公民行为的影响

组织公民行为是由一系列与工作有关的自主合作行为所构成,能从总体上提高组织效能。如果组织成员相互信任程度高,他们就会采取合作行为,比如产生单方面的合作、利他、职务外工作等自发行为,人际信任直接或者间接地影响着组织公民行为,中西方组织中信任关系表现不同,直接影响组织公民行为的表现,中国企业要根据组织内信任关系的特点,采取相应措施,促进组织公民行为出现。     

Ethical Codes of Conduct and Organizational Context: A Study of the Relationship Between Codes of Conduct, Employee Behavior and Organizational Values

Codes of ethics are being increasingly adopted in organizations worldwide, yet their effects on employee perceptions and behavior have not been thoroughly addressed. This study used a sample of 613 management accountants drawn from the United States to study the relationship between corporate and professional codes of ethics and employee attitudes and behaviors. The presence of corporate codes of ethics was associated with less perceived wrongdoing in organizations, but not with an increased propensity to report observed unethical behavior. Further, organizations that adopted formal codes of ethics exhibited value orientations that went beyond financial performance to include responsibility to the commonweal. In contrast to corporate codes of ethics, professional codes of ethical conduct had no influence on perceived wrongdoing in organization nor these codes affect the propensity to report observed unethical activities.