残疾人均等享有公共服务的经济学分析

残疾人均等享有公共服务是在政府主导下的生产和分配过程,它与各种组织和公民的经济活动密切相关。从经济学视角分析残疾人均等享有公共服务,可有效防止由经济因素造成的残疾人均等享有公共服务方面的偏差,降低服务供给成本和提高其社会效益。市场体制、行政体制与社会体制的合作能为此服务奠定坚实的物质基础,公民与残疾人家庭是落实服务的最终主体。残疾人均等享有公共服务要基于社会主义市场经济体制、政府宏观调控和引导以及各类组织与公民,在市场机制、行政机制、社会机制与公民主体的共同维护与努力下,坚持供求关系的动态均衡原则,努力降低服务的经济成本,不断提高其社会效益,确保残疾人有＂尊严的生存＂,并促进社会和谐。     

Doing business in Poland: What U.S. managers need to know

Poland has been and continues to be the leader of the transition economies of Eastern Europe. This study provides an in‐depth look at the ongoing economic, legal, and administrative policies of the Polish government in laying the ground‐work for a free‐market society. With the smaller business in mind, we first examine how the government of Poland moved decisively to lay the cornerstone for a private‐sector economy. Next, we demonstrate how Poland redirected its political and legal processes for long‐term global business. Finally, we describe what the U.S. government is doing to help Poland become a better trading partner and what this means to interested American firms. While there are many deep‐seated positive changes throughout Poland as it becomes a more significant global business player, there also are many challenges that must be understood by interested U.S. businesses if their investments in Poland are to be successful. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

完善社会主义市场经济法律体系的基本原则

社会主义市场经济是法治经济,其重要标志之一是建立一整套的法律制度与市场经济相适应。基于共同职责和协作分工的考虑,这些法律制度必须形成如织的体系,以发挥整体功效。在体系设计过程中应坚持社会义市场经济规律性与主观规制性相结合、鼓励市场交易与维护交易安全相结合、体系妥当与技术精巧相结合等基本原则。     

中国反垄断法个性及其机理刍议

本文认为,我国的反垄断法与发达国家的反垄断法具有诸多共性,但我国特殊的国情决定了中国反垄断法是世界反垄断法普遍原理与中国市场经济特殊实践相结合的必然产物,存在许多与众不同之处,具有鲜明的个性特征。它将维护社会公共利益和促进社会主义市场经济健康发展作为追求目标。它明确对滥用行政权力排除和限制竞争的行为进行规制。它对行政垄断采用行政规制的方法,即责令改正或对直接责任人进行行政处分;而对经济垄断主要采用行为规制的方法,结构规制基本不用。     

新农村现代流通网络改造与建设思路

随着改革开放的不断深入和社会主义市场经济体制的完善,我国流通业在促进生产、引导消费、推动经济结构调整和经济增长方式转变等方面的先导作用日益突出。为此应利用现代流通方式改造传统农产品、农村日用消费品和农业生产资料流通网络,构造具有中国特色的农村现代流通网络,为大力开拓农村市场,促进农村经济全面发展和农民增收,统筹城乡协调发展,完善社会主义市场经济体制等方面提供必要的依据和支持。     

Exchange Rate Effects on Domestic Prices in Bulgaria and Poland: Progress in Making Markets?

The economic liberalization which has occurred in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) over the past 15 years generally has involved establishing domestic markets and privatizing state‐owned firms, both with the intention of integrating the CEE economies into the global economy and allowing the benefits of competition to be realized. We explore how well this has been accomplished in two countries, Poland and Bulgaria, and the domestic conditions that contribute to its accomplishment. The sensitivity of domestic markets to international shocks, as reflected in exchange rate effects on domestic prices, may be viewed as an indicator of how integrated a country’s markets are into the global economy, and a proxy for competition in those markets. In explaining variation in exchange‐rate pass‐through, we examine the impact of market structure, economic liberalization and infrastructure as factors contributing to the development of competitive markets. We find that although integration into global markets can significantly increase market competitiveness, domestic factors also play a significant role.     

A Comparative Analysis of Managerial Adaptation to Privatization

ABSTRACT

Economic analysis on emerging economies of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has shown a flourishing private sector coexisting with shrinking state enterprises fueling speculation that growth would come from the new private sector. In this view, it is important to (1) assess the private sector which continues to grow and is vital to the process of emerging new market economies; and (2) account for the current place of entrepreneurship and assign its role in the process of systemic transformation which takes place in the economies of the CEE. Based on interviews and models on en-trepreneurship, the paper analyzes how the entrepreneurs' behavior is influenced by government regulation, credit terms, taxation, long-term and short-term financing options, level of infrastructure, and preferences to small business, and how entrepreneurs' consequent behavior can in turn influence the working system itself. The goal is to show that the emerging small business sector of the post-Communist Hungarian economy fulfills important material and ideological functions. The paper concludes that the Hungarian entrepreneurship is an independent vehicle for economic growth and bringing about the emergence of capitalist forms of economic production in the post-Communist Hungarian economy.     

The privatization of swarzedz furniture company (SFM): Lessons from Poland's first underwritten public offering

The sale through public offering of Poland's Swarzedz Furniture Company demonstrates that relatively complex privatization transactions can be successfully implemented in economies where capital market institutions have not yet fully emerged. However, the company's performance before and after privatization suggests that a change of ownership is a necessary, but not a sufficient, requirement for effective restructuring of a state-owned enterprise in a formerly socialist economy.     

The social market economy: an export for the Third World?

Long before the socialist industrialized nations began to call their centrally planned, or government controlled, economies into question, policymakers in many developing countries with dirigistic, interventionist systems, including capitalist oriented ones, had started to rethink their economic philosophies. Now that the former exporters of the concept of the centrally planned economy are themselves interested in importing free-enterprise ideas, reform in the Third World is likely to take on more momentum and interest in the social market economy will increase.     

现代经济条件下垄断寡占市场结构的效率性

现代知识经济条件下,垄断结构呈现新特质,市场的可竞争性增强。在我国市场经济转轨过程中,市场结构呈现出过度竞争与某些部门行政性垄断、过度垄断并存的局面,与发达国家相比,在很多部门呈现出市场集中度偏低,市场结构分散的格局,使一些规模经济性产业无法达到必要的集中度,造成必要的经济性垄断结构不足。同时,我国的反垄断法还处于起步阶段,因此,在目标市场结构选择和反垄断法的完善中,均需要充分考虑经济性垄断寡占市场结构的效率性,在积极打破行政垄断、遏制垄断结构非效率性一面的同时,促成必要的经济性垄断结构与适度的市场集中,充分发挥其效率性的一面。     

试论税收在构建和谐社会中的作用

构建社会主义和谐社会,是根据我国实际情况制订的重大战略任务。为实现这一战略目标,应充分运用税收的调节作用,针对当前经济和社会发展的不和谐因素,采取多种措施,以达到人与自然的和谐、人与人的和谐、区域经济的和谐发展。     

中国经济新常态下扩大内需的思考

扩大内需是中国当前经济态势的迫切要求,是走向现代化的历史呼唤,是经济、社会科学发展的规律性取向,是社会主义制度的主要课题。中国发展以内需为基本驱动力的消费,应提倡积极消费,这符合世界潮流。针对中国居民生活理念守旧、落后以及消费认识上的误区,应宣传建立正确的、科学的消费理念,把握引导消费的社会舆论导向,注意在实际工作中讲究引导消费的艺术,来实现引导消费的目的。     

论中国社会主义市场经济的理论基础

马克思的经济理论是中国社会主义市场经济的理论基础,主要包括:马克思的社会经济三形态理论;马克思的资本主义市场经济学说;马克思的商品经济理论。这一理论基础解答了如何将社会主义与市场经济相结合的伟大历史课题。     

走向善治的服务型政府建设问题研究

有效的政府治理是发挥社会主义市场经济体制优势的内在要求。随着我国改革进入深水区和网络时代的到来,冲击着旧的僵化和顽固的体制,促使统治和管理型政府向治理和服务型政府转变,推动着我国从善政走向善治。要有效构建基于治理理念的善治意义上的服务型政府,我国应坚持党对国家治理体系现代化建设的领导,大力推进党的建设制度改革,创新政府和社会治理方式,转变政府职能,规范权力运行,并借鉴国内外政府改革中的成功经验,以大力推动善治意义上的服务型政府建设,更好发挥政府服务于民的作用。     

“社会主义市场经济”概念探析

党的十四大提出我国经济体制改革的目标是建立社会主义市场经济体制,从提出到现在已将近十年。社会主义市场经济发展与改革开放事业取得了新的伟大成就,但处于世界之交的中国也出现了一系列的经济社会问题。社会主义市场经济不仅是一个经济概念,也是一个政治概念,更是一个文化概念。正确理解这一概念,有助于我们在实践中更好地做到让社会全面协调健康地发展。     

From command economy to market economy with a human face: The potential role of the stakeholder approach

This article questions the wisdom of the tendency to adopt managerial capitalism, in its purest form, as the only guiding principle of the new organizational philosophy now evolving in Eastern Europe. The article's main thesis is that following the demise of the command economy, the stakeholder approach can play a pivotal role in providing social legitimacy to organizations attempting to transform and revitalize in the newly created market economy in Eastern Europe. Rather than viewing maximization of profits to the stockholders as the enterprise's sole responsibility, this approach calls for a management strategy that matches the enterprise's “values” to the “values” of all its stakeholders optimizing, over the long-term, the net (social and economic) value added to society. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

论企业信用关系中的道德支撑

市场经济是以理性化为特征的信用经济或法治经济,需要以自由、平等、信用和契约为基础建立一种普遍性的交换关系。目前,我国正处在经济体制转轨时期,市场规则和市场秩序尚不健全,离开道德主体人格的塑造,离开政府信用与企业信用关系的良性互动,构建和谐社会只能是一句空话。为了切实发挥道德的调节功能,不仅要在全社会范围内建立符合社会主义核心价值体系内在要求的道德规范,还要提高政府的公共管理水平和社会参与者的整体素质。只有这样,才能发挥伦理道德这种“支持性资源”的支撑作用,促进我国社会经济的又好又快发展。     

Overcoming the Russian transformation crisis

Russia's attempts at transformation into a market economy have so far resulted in a prolonged and steep economic decline. This is in stark contrast to developments in other formerly socialist countries where an initial period of economic decline was followed by strong growth. What are the reasons behind the adverse development of the Russian economy? What policy changes are required to bring Russia stability, growth and prosperity?     

“中国梦”的大众解读——社会主义核心价值观构建的微观基础探索

社会主义市场经济理论的普及与改革实践的深化正在改变着我国社会和人民生活的方方面面。幸福观和“中国梦”作为市场经济改革对社会公众主体影响最直接的体现成为热门话题．它通俗地反映了我国民众的利益诉求和价值诉求。“中国梦”与我国改革的目的与方向高度一致,也再次把市场经济改革的价值观“功利化”。结合这一热点,探讨社会主义市场经济改革中如何把握社会主义核心价值体系构建,使改革的微观基础——民众始终成为推动改革前进的原动力。     

从利益关系的协调看我国市场秩序的治理

建设有中国特色的社会主义市场经济秩序是我国市场经济建设的核心目标之一.但是目前国内市场秩序的治理在相当程度上陷入了不良循环困境、政府悖论困境和二元困境的困顿状态.本文从治理市场秩序的理论基础和措施两个角度论述了如何解决这一问题.认为要从根本上解决我国市场秩序紊乱的问题,最为首要的是重新认识市场秩序的本质,重新确定治理市场秩序的核心原则.要采取有效措施消除导致市场秩序混乱的制度性根源、分配性根源、经济落后性根源,协调各种利益冲突,规范市场秩序.并就政府在治理市场秩序的过程中应当坚持的原则和采取的措施提出了相应的政策建议.