Measuring Producers' Risk Preferences: A Global Risk-Attitude Construct

In applied agricultural economic research various risk-attitude elicitation techniques are used. Here, we investigate whether risk-attitude measures rooted in the expected utility framework are related to measures rooted in the multi-item scale framework. Using a second-order factor analytical model, and data obtained from personal computer-guided interviews with 373 farmers, we investigate whether the common variance among the (latent) risk-attitude measures can be accounted for by a global risk-attitude construct. We find that the different risk-attitude measures are related, and that the global risk-attitude construct is significantly related to farmers' intention to use futures contracts. Our research suggests that farmers' risk attitude is a higher-order characteristic that cannot be effectively extracted by a single measure.     

Measuring Farm and Market Level Economic Impacts of Improved Maize Production Technologies in Ethiopia: Evidence from Panel Data

While it is often recognised that agricultural technology adoption decisions are intertwined and best characterised by multivariate models, typical approaches to examining adoption and impacts of agricultural technology have focused on single technology adoption choice and ignored interdependence among technologies. We examine farm‐ and market‐level impacts of multiple technology adoption choices using comprehensive household survey data collected in 2010/11 and 2012/13 in Ethiopia. Economic surplus analysis combined with panel data switching endogenous regression models are used to compute the supply shift parameter (K‐shift parameter), while at the same time controlling for the endogeneity inherent in agricultural technology adoption among farmers. We find that our improved technology set choices have significant impacts on farm‐level maize yield and maize production costs, where the greatest effect appears to be generated when various technologies are combined. The change in maize yield and production costs results in an average 26.4% cost reduction per kilogram of maize output (the K‐shift parameter). This increases the producer and consumer surpluses by US$ 140 and US$ 105 million per annum, respectively. These changes in economic surplus help to reduce the number of poor people by an estimated 788 thousand per year. We conclude that deliberate extension efforts and other policies that encourage integration of technologies are important for maize technologies to yield their full potential at both farm and market levels.     

森林碳汇影响因素的灰色关联分析——基于辽宁等20个省、区面板数据的实证分析

根据森林资源清查以及生物量转换因子法计算的森林碳汇量,选取造林面积、受害森林面积、森林病虫鼠害发生面积、木材产量以及营林基本建设投资完成额等指标作为森林碳汇量的相关影响因素,开展对辽宁、河北等20个省森林碳汇影响因素的灰色关联分析。结果表明:木材产量是最主要的影响因素,与其他指标相比较,营林基本建设投资完成额在促进森林碳汇量增长方面的作用相对较弱。     

环境资源约束下环渤海经济圈经济增长绩效测度——基于DEA-面板回归模型的实证研究

论文以环渤海经济圈为例,采用DEA-Malmquist模型对环境资源约束下环渤海经济增长绩效进行研究,并进一步利用面板回归模型,对该地区全要素生产率的影响因素进行了实证分析。环境资源约束下,环渤海经济圈总体以及圈内各省市的全要素生产率都大于1,表明经济发展方式都都有一定程度的转变。不同的经济基础、地区工业结构以及对外开放程度会影响地区经济发展速度,同时能源利用和环境污染治理对经济增长绩效有显著负向影响。     

基于省际面板数据农业虚拟水“ 资源诅咒冶效应的实证检验

\"资源诅咒\"效应困扰地区的经济增长。针对中国现阶段水资源短缺状况,基于省际面板数据,参照\"资源诅咒\"假说,通过初步检验和建立时间效应的动态面板数据回归模型,以我国29个省份(地区)1993—2012年面板数据为样本,对农业虚拟水\"资源诅咒\"效应进行了实证检验,并通过构建\"资源丰度—经济增长率\"象限图确定\"资源诅咒\"困扰省份。结果表明:农业虚拟水\"资源诅咒\"效应在我国短期内客观存在,但随着时间的推移,农业虚拟水\"资源诅咒\"效应趋于减弱。     

Regional Growth and Policies in the European Union: Does the Common Agricultural Policy Have a Counter-Treatment Effect?

This article investigates the impact of both the Common Agricultural Policy and structural policies on European regions by estimating a conditional growth convergence model. The Common Agricultural Policy influences the convergence process by affecting regional aggregate productivity, eventually conflicting with the structural policies designed to promote growth in lagging regions. The conditional convergence model is specified in a dynamic panel data form and applied to 206 regions observed from 1989 to 2000. A GMM estimation is applied in order to obtain consistent estimates of both the convergence parameter β and the impact of the conditioning variables, policy measures in particular.     

Gravity Model of Turkey's Fresh and Processed Fruit and Vegetable Export to the EU

Abstract

This study analyses the factors that determine Turkey's fresh and processed fruit and vegetable exports to the European Union (EU) using a gravity model. Panel data from 1995 to 2001 for 13 EU member countries are utilized. The explanatory variables are GDP, population, distance, Turkish population living in EU member countries, and being non-Mediterranean. Results indicate that the size of the economy, EU population, Turkish population in the EU, and addressing the tastes and preferences of non-Mediterranean countries are significant factors that affect Turkish fruit and vegetable exports. The results suggest that marketing strategies targeting the population of Turkish people in EU countries and non-Mediterranean member countries enhance the export performance of fruit and vegetable exports.     

我国奶牛养殖区域布局的变动与成因基于全国省级面板数据的实证研究

[目的]奶牛养殖业是奶业产业的起始环节,研究奶牛养殖区域布局演变规律和成因,是进一步优化奶牛养殖布局,提高奶牛综合生产能力,进而推进实现我国奶业振兴的现实要求。[方法]文章基于1996—2016年我国省级面板数据,对奶牛养殖区域布局情况进行描述性统计分析,并运用区域重心分析法综合考察奶牛养殖区域布局重心变动的轨迹和特征,选取个体固定效应模型对奶牛养殖区域布局变动的影响因素进行实证分析。[结果]计量结果表明,奶牛存栏滞后一期、奶牛存栏滞后二期、玉米年产量、大豆年产量、乳企数量、技术进步、财政政策支持和禁牧政策是影响奶牛养殖布局变动的主要因素,且影响程度有所不同。[结论]提出把握奶牛养殖区域变动规律、加强奶牛养殖生态环境建设、合理规划玉米与大豆的种植区域、加快奶牛养殖技术创新、优化乳制品企业布局、增加财政补贴等政策建议。     

Estimating technical efficiency under unobserved heterogeneity with stochastic frontier models: application to northern German dairy farms

This article uses panel data estimation techniques to examinetechnical efficiency of individual dairy farms in northern Germany.To the extent that agricultural production is characterisedby heterogeneous production conditions, estimation techniquesthat do not account for unobserved heterogeneity produce biasedefficiency estimates. We therefore estimate a number of conventionalpanel data models and Greene's recently proposed ‘true’random-effects model, as well as an extension of the model toascertain the effects of different specification on the productionfunction and efficiency estimates. Our results appear to supporttheoretical expectations and previous findings according towhich a specification that is both time-variant and also controlscorrelations between unobserved heterogeneity and the explanatoryvariables avoids heterogeneity bias and thus ensures consistentefficiency estimates.     

Nutrient effects in consumer demand systems: evidence from panel data

This papers aims to analyse the demand for main food groups in Spain. Apart from the traditional economic factors (prices and income), our theoretical framework incorporates the nutrient composition of food into a demand model in the form of food attributes, as a proxy to take into account the rising consumer concern about the relationship between diet and health. A CBS functional form is chosen for the empirical model, which is estimated using a complete panel data set. Ten broad categories, nine nutrients and the most relevant socio-economic variables have been considered. Finally, after employing an appropriate selection strategy, the chosen model is used to calculate expenditure, price and nutrient elasticities, as well as the main socio-demographic effects. Results indicate that the introduction of nutrient-based determinants generates elasticities that differ from those obtained when only economic factors are included, particularly in the case of price elasticities. As the nutrients effect is incorporated in the model through adjusted prices, unhealthier food groups (cereals, white meat and eggs, dairy and sugar) become more inelastic as they are associated with higher perceived prices.     

农业农村数据开放平台研究与实践

[目的]数据作为一种新型生产要素写入中央文件,有助于释放底层数据的价值,加快数据资产化进程,加速数字经济新业态、新模式的诞生。数据开放作为政府信息公开的重要组成部分,对于发挥数据价值,为大数据广泛应用提供重要的数据支撑具有重要意义。农业是我国的基础产业,农业农村数据对于政府的决策和社会主体参与农业生产活动也起到了关键的作用。[方法]文章就农业农村数据开放问题,阐述了农业农村数据作为农业生产要素的重要作用,总结了农业农村数据开放对于农业管理和服务的重要意义,研究了国内外有关农业农村数据开放的典型案例,分析了现阶段农业农村数据开放平台存在的问题,提出了一种升级面向社会开放农业农村统计数据平台的思路,并依托官方网站搭建数据开放的新平台,丰富了开放的数据源,整合了已有数据,并拓展了数据展现方式。[结果]对农业农村数据开放平台的运行成效进行了分析和总结,数据浏览量、检索量、数据下载量等反映建设成效的各项指标有了大幅度提升。[结论]社会公众对于高质量的农业农村开放数据具有极大需求,而以官方网站为载体进行的数据开放,能够提供科学、权威、全面的农业农村数据,为数据的增值增效提供了平台。     

中国沿海地区海洋渔业对海洋经济贡献度的异化研究

自2011年国务院批复《山东半岛蓝色经济区发展规划》以来,浙江、广东、福建等沿海地区也相继建立了各自的海洋经济示范规划区。本文通过对海洋渔业与海洋经济关系的统计分析,利用ADF检验、协整检验、格兰杰检验,以及VAR模型和面板模型,实证研究了我国沿海11省市海洋渔业对海洋经济贡献度的固定影响和随机影响效应。研究发现,我国海洋渔业对海洋经济贡献度呈现出明显的地区异化现象。     

The Pricing of Experience Goods: The Example of en primeur Wine

The market for "primeur" wine in the Bordeaux region allows producers to sell wine that is still in barrels. As with all experience goods, producers send quality signals to uninformed buyers. Using original data on Bordeaux wines, we show that the pricing behavior of producers depends to a large extent on their reputation, and much less on short-term changes in quality (as measured by experts' grades). We also find that the primeur price has an informative role, since a 10% increase in primeur price leads to a 3% increase in prices on the market for bottled wine.     

中国土地财政与经济增长的关系研究--土地财政库兹涅兹曲线假说的提出与面板数据检验

研究目的：分析中国土地财政与经济增长之间的内在关系。研究方法：文献分析法,计量经济分析。研究结果：（1）在全国范围内,现阶段土地财政指标与经济增长之间存在着单调递增的关系,暂时否定了本文所构想的土地财政库兹涅兹曲线假说;（2）在东、中、西部地区,土地财政指标与经济增长之间的关系虽然呈现出不同的曲线形态,但就现阶段而言,三大区域的土地财政指标在经济增长过程中都呈上扬之势;（3）城镇化、工业化在全国及三大区域对土地财政指标发挥着不同程度和不同方向作用的影响。研究结论：要化解土地财政引发的各类矛盾与问题,应该从财税体制、政绩考核体制和土地制度改革的顶层设计入手,充分考虑区域差异,系统构建分类治理土地财政的区域差异化制度体系和管控对策。