Perceived Export Problems and Export Involvement:

A relatively limited amount of empirical research has focused on problems and issues pertaining to exporting from countries not associated with an advanced level of economic development. This paper reports on a systematic study of problems experienced by Greek exporting manufacturers in their trading activities with overseas distributors based in European Community (EC). In this context, an attempt is made, firstly, to investigate the underlying structure of exporting problems, and secondly, to examine the extent to which there are significant differences in perceptions of exporting problems based upon the degree of export involvement. A number of significant differences are found to exist in perceived export problems between different exporter categories in terms of export involvement. The implications of the study for business practitioners and public policy makers are highlighted, and future research directions are identified and discussed.     

渠道冲突与制造商的品牌维护

销售渠道的本质是利益的有序分配,这种分配又是以利润分配为纽带、以品牌为依托、以产品为核心开展与进行的。渠道冲突最终损害的是市场中最基本的客户关系,即制造企业与消费者的关系,危害制造商的品牌。然而经销商行为的不确定性、代理过程中的投机行为、信息不确定性、品牌沟通效率低下等方面因素损害了制造商的品牌,应从资源依赖、组织基础两种制造商品牌维护模型及在此模型下建立强势品牌、实施品牌扩张两种制造商品牌保护策略。     

营销渠道冲突的认识与控制

在渠道管理中,冲突历来是渠道管理者十分关注的一个重要方面。如何认识、分析、控制冲突是管理者比较头疼的问题。由此从渠道冲突的概念和分类出发,揭示渠道冲突产生的原因和主要控制方式,并对一个普遍存在的冲突现象,即窜货问题进行较为深入的探讨,对引导企业理解和管理冲突有很强的现实意义。     

中国企业营销渠道冲突与管理战略研究

营销渠道冲突已成为中国企业渠道关系中的一种普遍现象。营销渠道冲突的表现各异 ,其危害也不可低估。因此 ,本文针对我国企业营销渠道冲突问题及其症结 ,提出了解决渠道冲突问题的基本管理战略思路。     

Relationship Between Export Strategy Variables and Export Performance for Brazil-Based Manufacturers

The growth of exports originating from Brazil has garnered substantial interest, much of which has focused upon the changing composition of the exports. In terms of specific export-oriented variables that could be linked with export growth, several authors have speculated conceptual relationships. However, very few studies have attempted to empirically identify hypothesized associations. In this investigation, responses were gathered from export managers of thirty-one manufacturing firms based in Brazil. An analysis of the results indicated that high-performing exporters produced standardized goods, trained their managers in international business, and reliably met delivery dates.     

网络营销环境下多渠道冲突的成因

随着电子营销渠道的建立,网络营销环境下的多渠道冲突日趋加剧。以新的视角,从渠道权力配置的变化、利益之争和制造企业的渠道管理水平等方面对网络营销环境下多渠道冲突的成因进行探讨,以期为制造企业在新环境下进行有效的多渠道冲突管理提供理论参考。     

渠道权力应用、冲突与合作:营销渠道网络结构嵌入的影响

传统渠道行为研究以两个渠道成员构成的二元渠道关系为分析单位,而忽略了渠道关系嵌入其中的渠道关系网络的作用。针对这一理论缺陷,文章将社会网络理论中的两个变量——网络密度和网络中心性引入渠道权力、冲突与合作研究框架,从社会网络结构嵌入的角度尝试将渠道权力研究从二元分析向网络分析方向推进。通过对调查数据的分析,检验了经销商群体的网络密度和经销商的网络中心性对制造商渠道权力应用的影响。研究结果表明,经销商网络密度和网络中心性均对制造商应用非强制性权力有显著正向影响,而对应用强制性权力无显著影响。文章研究发现为探索将渠道行为研究从二元分析范式向网络分析转向提供了经验。     

电子商务环境下新型渠道冲突的管理

电子商务给企业带来更多的市场机会和更高的效率,为企业节约交易成本,同时也与企业原有的分销渠道产生了冲突。本文在分析传统渠道和电子商务渠道的基础上,阐述了企业实行电子商务所引发的渠道冲突并提出了相应的管理策略。     

我国家电行业渠道变革中的渠道冲突问题研究

本文在国内外有关渠道冲突理论的基础上,研究我国家电行业渠道变革中的渠道冲突问题。文章首先总结了我国家电行业渠道变革中的渠道冲突现状;其次从宏观经济环境变化以及微观经济主体活动两个角度分析冲突形成的原因;最后有针对性地提出了解决渠道冲突的两大管理策略——渠道关系协调策略和渠道整合优化策略,并给出了一些具体的解决方法。     

营销渠道中的渠道关系、权力使用与投机行为

文章基于营销渠道行为及关系营销理论,以制造商与其经销商之间的关系为研究平台,检验了制造商的关系营销导向以及跨组织私人关系对其使用权威机制以及经销商投机行为的影响。研究结果表明:制造商的关系营销导向对于其使用非强制性权力有显著的正向影响,对其使用强制性权力虽然没有直接影响,但会通过跨组织私人关系(情感性与工具性)产生负向影响;制造商与其经销商之间的跨组织私人关系(情感性与工具性)会抑制制造商使用强制性权力,工具性私人关系会促进其使用非强制性权力;制造商使用强制性权力会加重经销商的投机行为。最后,讨论了研究结果与应用及未来的研究方向。     

How to Attain Desired Outcomes Through Channel Conflict Negotiation

Channel relationships are dynamic and complex. Though much of channel literature has dealt with power, dependency, and conflict resolution, relatively little research focuses on how channel members apply different modes of negotiation to resolve channel conflicts and, most important, how they finagle their ways through different stages of negotiation to obtain desirable outcomes. This article suggests that in deciding which strategy to adopt to effectively negotiate with others, channel members should take into account two vital outcomes during the negotiation process: substantive gain and relationship outcome. Integrating high versus low levels for each of these two types of outcomes, this study develops a framework for channel conflict negotiation in an international setting and recommends appropriate negotiation strategies for various scenarios and phases of negotiation.     

Relationship Quality,Satisfaction and Performance in Export Marketing Channels

This study involves an exploration of the association between four dimensions of relationship quality-fairness, communication, commitment, and cooperation on export channel performance and satisfaction, relative to these associations in domestic channels. The data were collected through a mail survey of independent distributors of agricultural products and research propositions were tested in a structural equations model. Results suggested that relative reports of high quality relationships generally associate with relative reports of enhanced outcomes in terms of satisfaction and performance. In addition, higher relative levels of fairness and commitment were associated with enhanced cooperation in export channels relative to domestic.     

从博弈论看营销渠道的冲突与合作

营销渠道的冲突和竞争是市场营销中普遍存在的问题，也是制造商营销管理上的重点和难点。个体行为理性和利益目标的不一致是引发冲突和竞争的根本原因。保证经销商稳中有赚能促成渠道的自动合作，而对经销商进行有效的激励和可信的惩罚是维护渠道稳定的重要手段。     

Understanding Hybrid Channel Conflict: A Conceptual Model and Propositions for Research

ABSTRACT

The use of several distinct channel types by suppliers to serve a given product-market is rapidly becoming the dominant design. Such increasingly complex distribution systems present unique opportunities and problems for marketers, including how to most effectively manage the intrafirm, interchannel conflict resulting from channel coalitions competing with one another for resources, both internal (expenditures, personnel) and external (customers). Moreover, it is unclear whether conflict in a hybrid distribution system is “good” or “bad” for the supplier firm. We develop a theoretically-grounded conceptual model of the antecedents and consequences of hybrid channel conflict and offer several empirically testable research propositions, including a contingency framework for determining the functionality of hybrid channel conflict. Perhaps most important in terms of contribution to the marketing literature are the conceptualization of hybrid channel conflict itself and the associated definitions which we present in this paper.     

关系型渠道:一种日益显现的渠道结构

关系型渠道指独立企业之间构成的长期导向的、以相互诚信为基础的、具有紧密合作联系的营销渠道.与市场治理下的传统市场渠道和非市场治理下的纵向一体化渠道不同,关系型渠道是介于市场治理和非市场治理的中的"半市场化"治理的关系缔约渠道.构建长期的、对称的、稳定的关系型渠道并实现渠道关系的双边治理,须以"信任与承诺"为基础,以法律原则和伦理影响为手段,以渠道成员对渠道关系的满意为目标.     

The Relationship Between Top Management Team–Outside Board Conflict and Outside Board Service Involvement in High‐Tech Start‐Ups

Corporate governance research has extensively studied the relationship between outside board characteristics and outside board involvement. We add to this literature by investigating the extent to which interactions between outside board members and the top management team (TMT) affect the functioning of the outside board. Building on conflict theory, our study shows that conflict between TMT and outside board is an important antecedent for outside board service involvement. Specifically, drawing from a hand‐collected data set of 70 high‐tech start‐ups in Belgium, we find that TMT–outside board task conflict is both directly and indirectly, that is, through TMT–outside board relationship conflict, related to outside board service involvement.     

Channel Member Satisfaction and Performance in African Export Marketing Channels: Some Insights From Ghana

This article investigates the impact of channel member satisfaction on channel performance in Ghanaian cocoa marketing channels. Channel member satisfaction is treated as a multidimensional construct consisting of both economic and social satisfaction. Channel performance is defined in terms of farmers’ acceptance of a large-scale marketing channel improvement. The results of the study indicate that initial acceptance of the channel improvement was based on economic satisfaction and continued use was based primarily on trust. Implications for theory and managerial practice are discussed.     

我国外商直接投资与出口贸易关系的实证研究

关于外商直接投资与一国出口贸易间关系的研究已由定性向定量发展,但多数定量分析集中在投资与出口的相关因果关系上。本文利用我国改革开放以来到加入世贸组织之前的数据,对外商直接投资与中国的出口规模、出口产品结构、出口产品竞争力等进行相关性分析。     

基于共赢理念的双渠道冲突管理研究

网络技术和电子商务的发展使很多制造企业不仅通过传统零售渠道分销产品,而且通过网络渠道直接向消费者销售产品。双渠道策略的实施在实现网络渠道与传统渠道优势互补的同时,也引发了渠道冲突。双渠道环境下的渠道冲突可分为外部冲突和内部冲突。外部冲突和内部冲突会相互影响,相互转化。有效管理企业内外部渠道冲突以求得整个渠道系统利益的最大化,对双渠道运营的企业来说既是机会又是挑战。文章通过构造制造商和传统零售商的博弈模型,分析、比较模型中的局中人赢得,认为可通过模型中部分变量的选择来实现双渠道环境下制造商和传统零售商的共赢。双渠道环境下,对制造商而言,应对外部和内部渠道冲突实施不同的管理策略,对外部渠道冲突进行有效区隔,对内部渠道冲突增进企业内部渠道组织之间的沟通和协调;对传统零售商而言,应直面制造商采用网上直销渠道的现状,争取更大的销售折扣,增加销量,降低成本。     

基于多渠道供应链的渠道冲突研究综述

供应链成员企业通过实体和网络等渠道在同一市场进行产品销售,引起渠道之间的激烈冲突。基于多渠道供应链的渠道冲突研究因而受到国内外学者的高度关注。文章从分销渠道、服务渠道、沟通渠道三个角度把渠道冲突分为价格冲突、服务冲突和信息冲突,依此对近年来的研究成果进行系统梳理,并提出渠道冲突将来的研究可从渠道结构扩展、服务变量引入、信息共享分析和风险管理机制等方向开展。