Managing Global Virtual Teams Across Classrooms,Students and Faculty

Virtual teams are becoming commonplace in business today so our business school students should have experience in effectively working in virtual teams. Based on a month-long virtual team project conducted by the authors between classes in South Africa and the United States, this paper discusses the opportunities and challenges of using global virtual teams as part of a business school curriculum. The authors describe the use of a virtual team life cycle to assess the month long project to identify key elements to retain and to change for the next time the virtual project is implemented.     

Globalization,labour and prospects

This collection examined the impact of globalization on labour and its organization. The contributions were drawn from a variety of countries in the Asia Pacific and, based on the evidence presented, four major conclusions can be drawn. These conclusions are presented and discussed under the headings of universalism and determinism, deregulation and labour markets, labour's role in competitiveness, and labour organization. Such comparative work shows that, overall, globalization's terrain is uneven and contested and that labour and states are not the helpless victims of global economic forces.     

Globalization,Economic Development and the Reliance on Guanxi as a Job Search Strategy for Chinese Students

The concept of networking for business has been documented extensively in the international business literature. In particular, relationship networking, or guanxi, has become a much-studied phenomenon since the wealth-creation success of Overseas Chinese and their Mainland China counterparts became noticeable in the early 1990s. Relatively less well known is the use of guanxi as a job search strategy. In the wake of domestic economic reforms and increasing international economic pressures, young graduates are having to rely less on job placements arranged by their universities, and more on their own initiative. This is a report of the extent to which guanxi is a significant job search strategy among final year business students at Shantou University in Guangdong Province, China. With its exceptionally strong links with Overseas Chinese, Shantou is well placed to give its young people an advantage in tapping into the job opportunities created by international trade and incoming investments.     

辨析：全球化与经济全球化

全球化、经济全球化、一体化的含义不同，它们相互之间的关系复杂，既相互区别又相互联系相互作用。弄清这些概念及其关系，有重大理论意义和实践意义。     

Globalization,non-standard employment and Australian trade unions

This article explores the impact of the growing non-standard workforce on trade union membership and union policy in Australia in the context of neoliberal policy responses to globalization. It is no coincidence that trade union density has rapidly declined in Australia as the non-standard employment share has rapidly increased. The characteristics of the jobs and the workers filling non-standard jobs are largely outside of the traditional domain of trade unions. While trade unions are faced with an increasingly hostile political environment in Australia, one of the real challenges they confront is to make themselves more relevant for non-standard employees and to increase their recruitment among non-standard employees.     

Globalization,regionalization and convergence in East Asia

This research paper reports the result of an investigation into the pattern of income convergence in East Asia since 1970 and the proximate role of increased regionalization and inter-regional globalization in generating regional convergence or divergence. Specifically, we apply sigma and log t convergence tests for income convergence in the East Asian region and an augmented autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to analyze the relationship between regional income dispersion and intra- and extra-regional flows of goods, capital and technology. Regardless of the measure of per capita income, the sigma convergence tests fail to find any evidence of intra-regional convergence. The log t convergence tests do not indicate overall convergence either, but, indicate the existence of convergence clubs within the region. The regression analysis suggests that intra-regional flows of capital and technology and extra- regional FDI flows unambiguously engender convergence while intra-regional trade flows and extra-regional exports have divergence effects.     

Cuba: The New Frontier of Study Abroad Programs for U.S. Students

The growing reconciliation between the United States and Cuba has created a unique opportunity for U.S. business and hospitality students to observe and experience first-hand an economy in marked transition. Attempting to balance the tenets of socialism with a rapidly growing reliance on capitalism creates a rare learning environment for students. This article presents the plan for a 10-day faculty-led study abroad program to Cuba. The program is divided between the two (arguably) most important destinations in Cuba: the economic and cultural center, Havana, and the tourism powerhouse of Varadero. At each destination, students are engaged in lectures, site visits, research, and cultural experiences.     

Globalization and specialization

The popular Dixit–Stiglitz–Ethier framework proposes that globalization increases the menu of intermediate goods available to downstream firms and that gains from specialization raise welfare unambiguously. This study shows that both results depend critically on the assumption that demand elasticities are invariable. The more general framework presented here provides two main insights: First, whether specialization rises or falls depends ultimately on the shape of the cost function, and second, globalization can actually reduce welfare in the case when specialization falls.     

R&D全球化、反向外溢与技术获取型FDI

在科技全球化浪潮冲击下,跨国公司产业竞争优势演化催生的R&D资源全球转移为发展中国家实现技术获取型对外直接投资(TSFDI),获取反向技术外溢创造了机遇.本文分析了跨国公司R&D资源转移出现的背景,指出TSFDI是对接跨国公司R&D资源的有效途径,并进而研究了TSFDI与反向技术外溢的关系,归纳了发展中国家TSFDI的现状.     

Globalization, R&D and the iPod Cycle

This paper constructs a dynamic scale-free North-South model of trade with endogenous innovation. In the North a local-sourcing-targeted race and an outsourcing-targeted R&D race take place simultaneously within each industry. The former results in the winner firm manufacturing in the North, while the latter culminates in the winner firm's immediate outsourcing to the South, generating the iPod cycle. We study three aspects of globalization: reductions in the resource-requirement in outsourcing-targeted R&D, increased subsidies to outsourced production, and reduced Southern imitation due to TRIPs. Each event boosts outsourcing-targeted R&D and increases the frequency of iPod cycles. The aggregate innovation rate rises despite a possible fall in local-sourcing-targeted R&D, and the North-South relative wage decreases.     

Women, Management and Globalization in the Middle East

This paper provides new theoretical insights into the interconnections and relationships between women, management and globalization in the Middle East (ME). The discussion is positioned within broader globalization debates about women’s social status in ME economies. Based on case study evidence and the UN datasets, the article critiques social, cultural and economic reasons for women’s limited advancement in the public sphere. These include the prevalence of the patriarchal work contract within public and private institutions, as well as cultural and ethical values which create strongly defined gender roles. The discussion examines the complexities of conceptualizing women’s equality and empowerment in Islamic states. The paper reveals that there have been significant achievements in advancing women in leadership and political roles, but that there are still institutional and cultural barriers embedded in business systems. Linking feminist, development and management theoretical strands a development framework is proposed which is sensitive to the Islamic Shar’ia encompassing government, organization and individual level strategies. It is suggested that scholars should integrate literatures from gender and management, development and Middle East studies, and in particular that critical scholars of gender and organization should consider the interrelations of the national and transnational in critiques of contemporary global capitalism to understand the complexity of women and social change in the ME.     

R＆D全球化、反向外溢与技术获取型FDI

在科技全球化浪潮冲击下．跨国公司产业竞争优势演化催生的R＆D资源全球转移为发展中国家实现技术获取型对外直接投资（TSFDI）．获取反向技术外溢创造了机遇。本文分析了跨国公司R＆D资源转移出现的背景．指出TSFDI是对接跨国公司R＆D资源的有效途径．并进而研究了TSFDI与反向技术外溢的关系，归纳了发展中国家TSFDI的现状。     

全球化、全要素生产率与区域发展差异——基于珠三角、长三角和环渤海的面板数据分析

得益于对外开放政策,地处沿海的珠三角、长三角和环渤海相继成为中国经济的三大引擎,但珠三角仍然保持一种相对优势。这种区域差异是源于全球的数量效应还是质量效应?本文比较分析表明,三大区域之间的TFP存在显著差异;TFP经济增长的贡献,从高到低依次是珠三角、长三角和环渤海。基于贸易、投资和金融维度,本文以面板数据分析技术研究了全球化对区域TFP差异的影响。主要发现是:在区域整体层面上,全球化促进了TFP的提高;但在区域内,全球化对三大区域TFP的促进作用并不显著且无统计意义。全球化对三大区域经济增长的贡献主要是通过数量效应实现的,质量效应尚未成为影响区域经济差距的实质性因素。外贸和FDI增长方式的外延和粗放、较低的金融市场的国际化程度,制约了区域层面TFP的增长。     

Globalization,labour and the state: the case of Indonesia

Globalization has allowed internationally mobile capital to successfully ‘demand’ favourable investment climates, thereby increasing pressure on states to restrict the activities of organized labour. In the advanced industrial countries, the enhanced bargaining position of capital has helped to undermine the welfare state, the great compromise between state, capital and labour. But newly emerging labour movements in late industrializing countries like Indonesia are especially disadvantaged because of the global context characterized by the weakened bargaining position of labour. Nevertheless, labour strife has been on the rise in Indonesia in spite of long-established state mechanisms of labour control, usually legitimized in official discourse by reference to supposedly authentic Indonesian values that eschew conflict. This has to do with the gradual development of an urban-based industrial working class as the product of sustained industrialization until the economic debacle of 1997.     

金融发展、金融脆弱与银行国际化

银行国际化一方面会促进金融发展,另一方面也将导致金融脆弱.本文以理论分析和实证检验相结合的方式,探讨了我国银行国际化从不同方面促进金融发展以及导致金融脆弱之间的逻辑关系,并对两种不同效应从整体宏观的角度进行比较,得出银行国际化正效应大于负效应的结论,从而在理论上回答了政策当局是否应当推行银行国际化的问题.     

Globalization,labour market deregulation and trade unions in Singapore

This contribution examines recent trends in globalization and their effects on the labour market in Singapore. It discusses the responses of the government and the trade union movement to the challenges of globalization, and concludes by looking at the changing role of the trade union movement in Singapore. Citing government policies in dealing with the recent economic crisis, the article highlights the ‘managed flexibility’ approach of the government. We find that the trade union movement has gained considerably in stature and influence in providing training for the workers and helping them cope with retrenchment and the recession.     

Ethics Programs, Perceived Corporate Social Responsibility and Job Satisfaction

Companies offer ethics codes and training to increase employees’ ethical conduct. These programs can also enhance individual work attitudes because ethical organizations are typically valued. Socially responsible companies are likely viewed as ethical organizations and should therefore prompt similar employee job responses. Using survey information collected from 313 business professionals, this exploratory study proposed that perceived corporate social responsibility would mediate the positive relationships between ethics codes/training and job satisfaction. Results indicated that corporate social responsibility fully or partially mediated the positive associations between four ethics program variables and individual job satisfaction, suggesting that companies might better manage employees’ ethical perceptions and work attitudes with multiple policies, an approach endorsed in the ethics literature. Sean Valentine (D.B.A., Louisiana Tech University) is an Associate Professor of Management in the college of Business at the University of Wyoming. His teaching and research interests include business ethics, organizational behavior, and human resource management. He has published in journals such as Behavioral Research in Accounting, Journal of Business Research, Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, and Journal of Business Ethics. Gary Fleischman (Ph.D., Texas Tech University) is an Associate Professor and is the McGee Hearne and Paiz Faculty Scholar in Accounting at the University of Wyoming. His teaching expertise is in accounting and entrepreneurship and his research interests are in business ethics and behavioral business research. He has published in journals such as Behavioral Research in Accounting, The International Journal of Accounting and Journal of Business Ethics.